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农田排水具有防涝、控水和排盐等多重功能，其中暗管排水是当今最有效的大面积农田排水解决方案。暗管系统的施工从完全人工安装、人工结合机械安装，发展到全机械化安装，实现了基于激光/卫星定位系统的坡降和高程（埋深）控制，作业质量和效率显著提高。然而，暗管排水技术专业性强，施工装备复杂，系统实施难度大、一次性投资高。因此，在施工过程中必须结合生产实际选用最宜技术和装备，进一步完善施工规范，积极探索和开发新工法、新材料和新装备，提高施工装备作业能力、效率和质量，依靠技术创新不断降低工程造价和投资风险，提高技术可接受性。此外，还需加强技术培训与国际合作，广泛汲取国际先进经验和教训，将我国暗管排水技术应用提升到世界先进水平，大规模提升我国盐渍和涝渍化土地质量，逆转或恢复日益恶化的盐碱土地生态环境，确保农林产业可持续发展。 相似文献
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农业机械在现代化生产中发挥了巨大的作用,随着我国农机化水平的进一步提升,农业生产的各个过程都应用了大量的农业机械,着显著提升了劳动生产效率,农业生产的实施更为简单,农民的劳动强度显著降低,但与此同时,农业机械在应用过程中的很多问题也凸显出来.因此,从农业机械的应用现状出发,分析了农机选型的关键因素与注意事项,说明了农机... 相似文献
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This paper describes the application of an economic incentive program to achieve water quality objectives by motivating improvements in farm-level water management practices. The program includes farm-specific water allotments, tiered water pricing, and low-interest loans for purchasing irrigation equipment. The implementation of this program in a California water district has resulted in significant reductions in irrigation deliveries and drain water volume. Since the program was implemented, average irrigation depths have declined by 25% on cotton fields, 9% on tomatoes, 10% on cantaloupes, 30% on seed alfalfa, and 29% on grain fields. The average volume of drain water collected each year in subsurface drainage systems has declined from 4.8 million m3 during 1986 through 1989 to 2.6 million m3 during 1990 through 1993. These results confirm that economic incentives can be effective in generating improvements in water quality. 相似文献
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我国现有耕地1.217亿hm2,但将近70%的耕地分布在山地、丘陵和高原地区;另外,近8亿的农民是在人均约0.09hm2的耕地上采用家庭承包责任制的经营方式(简称单干)。这就意味着大部分耕地不便于采用大型机械来耕种,因而在农机化的研究方面有必要找到一条适合于我国农机化发展的道路。为此,通过综合分析,指出了其将来发展的方向之一是农业机械轻便化,即通过利用农业机械电子电气化、组合化技术和适当采用半人力、半机械化设备,来达到使农机质量轻、体积小、成本低和操作方便的目的。 相似文献
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Drainage needs to reclaim its rightful position as an indispensable element in the integrated management of land and water. An integrated approach to drainage can be developed by means of systematic mapping of the functions of natural resources systems (goods and services) and the values attributed to these functions by people. This mapping allows the exploration of the implications of particular drainage interventions. In that sense an analytical tool for understanding a drainage situation is proposed. The process dimension of the functions and values evaluation and assessment is participatory planning, modelled on co-management approaches to natural resources management. This provides a framework for discussion and negotiation of trade-offs related to the different functions and values related to drainage. In that sense the approach is a communication, planning and decision-making tool. The tool is called DRAINFRAME, which stands for Drainage Integrated Analytical Framework. The implementation of an integrated approach posits challenges for the governance, management and finance of drainage, as well as for research and design of drainage infrastructure and operation. Both have to be rethought from the perspective of multi-functionality. The paper concludes with five main policy messages. 相似文献
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随着近些年农业机械化程度提高,对于其中的农业机械节油问题,由于其中牵扯到的因素很多,这对于农业机械是项很重要的课题,对于使用农业机械的节油不能仅仅局限于某一点或者是某一方面.文章根据从事农业机械工作的多年经验,深入分析在农业机械使用过程中节油的驾驶操作技术和农业机械的使用方法,从而能够在农业机械的使用过程中达到节油的目的. 相似文献
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以“十三五”时期道路外农机事故数据为基础，从事故原因、事故涉及的农业机械种类、事故发生时段等方面研究分析农机事故发生原因和演变规律。基于分析结果，发现存在农业机械安全隐患较多、农机安全生产责任落实还不到位、农机安全监督管理能力不足等问题，提出加大农机手教育培训力度、提升农机手的安全守法意识、推动农机装备升级换代、深化农机行业“放管服”改革等对策建议，旨在为农机安全监督管理部门与农机安全作业工作提供借鉴。 相似文献
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农业机械节油是一个很重要的课题,牵涉的因素也很多,因此如何节约燃油不能只局限在某一点或某一方面.应通过正确的分了解和掌握农业机械节油的驾驶操作技术和车辆使用方法,并加以应用,才能达到农业机械使用中节油的目的. 相似文献
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在机械智能化发展过程中,将语言理解应用到机械控制设计中是比较典型的方法。将机械进行智能化设计可以在行业中占据有利地位,将语言理解应用于机械控制智能化设计是发展趋势。为此,将英语语言理解的名词聚类应用于收割机控制设计中,以研究英语语言理解的名词聚类的过程,通过对以英语语言形式来表示收割机控制需要的行为进行分析,并将分析结果转变为收割机控制系统设计要求。同时,分析英语语言的名词聚类实现方法,建立聚类模型,形成概念从属理论,在词聚类完成后的聚类模型的基础上,建立合适的知识库,并将英语语言理解的名词聚类应用于收割机控制系统中。 相似文献
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农业机械节油是一个很重要的课题,牵涉的因素也很多,因此如何节约燃油不能只局限在某一点或某一方面.应通过正确的分析,了解和掌握农业机械节油的驾驶操作技术和车辆使用方法,并加以应用,才能达到农业机械使用中节油的目的. 相似文献
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Waterlogging and salinization are major impediment to the sustainability of irrigated lands and livelihoods of the farmers, especially the smallholders, in the affected areas of the Indus Basin. These problems are the result of a multitude of factors, including seepage from unlined earthen canals system, inadequate provision of surface and subsurface drainage, poor water management practices, insufficient water supplies and use of poor quality groundwater for irrigation. About 6.3 million ha are affected by different levels and types of salinity, out of which nearly half are under irrigated agriculture. Since the early 1960s, several efforts have been made to improve the management of salt-affected and waterlogged soils. These include lowering groundwater levels through deep tubewells, leaching of salts by excess irrigation, application of chemical amendments (e.g. gypsum, acids, organic matter), and the use of biological and physical methods. However, in spite of huge investments, the results have in general been disappointing and the problems of waterlogging and salinity persist.This paper reviews sources, causes and extent of salinity and waterlogging problems in the Indus Basin. Measures taken to overcome these problems over the last four decades are also discussed. The results reveal that the installed drainage systems were initially successful in lowering groundwater table and reducing salinity in affected areas. However, poor operation and maintenance of these systems and provision of inadequate facilities for the disposal of saline drainage effluent resulted in limited overall success. The paper suggests that to ensure the sustainability of irrigated agriculture in the Indus Basin, technical and financial support is needed and enhanced institutional arrangements including coordination among different federal and provincial government agencies to resolve inter-provincial water allocation and water related issues is required. 相似文献
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计算机技术的应用范围已从最初的数值计算扩展到社会生活的许多领域,而农业机械化管理和决策工作也将越来越依赖信息的传递、开发和利用.为此,主要阐述了农机化管理信息系统的组成与应用,并对应用中应注意的问题进行了剖析,指出农机信息化管理是一个系统工程、综合工程,在实施信息化管理过程中,要加强科学研究,不仅要研究信息化技术,更要研究信息化管理制度与运行机制. 相似文献
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中国排灌机械发展概况及趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文中分析了中国排灌机械的现状及存在的主要问题，预测了今后五年国内外排灌机械行业的市场走向，探讨了今后发展的趋势，并着重研究了产品技术特点及重点发展的领域和重点开发的产品。 相似文献
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于倬德 《国际沙棘研究与开发》2010,8(4):34-36
经过各方的共同努力,沙棘资源建设已经取得了很大成绩,资源总量增长了一倍多,达2000多万亩,建设了一批试验示范区,取得了建设经验。大力发展沙棘,能够加速黄土高原水土流失的综合治理进程,是一项行之有效的重大举措。 相似文献