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1.
不同生育时期分根区交替灌溉对烤烟生长和氮钾含量的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
通过盆栽试验研究了在2种施肥条件下,不同生育时期分根区交替灌溉(APRI)对烤烟生长、干物质积累与分配以及烟叶氮(N)、钾(K)含量的影响。结果表明,伸根期和成熟期APRI不但对烤烟植株有明显的增高作用,而且能显著提高烟叶中N、K含量。与常规灌溉(CI)相比,低肥时伸根期和成熟期APRI的株高、烟叶N含量、K含量分别提高5.19%、9.16%、6.42%和14.02%、28.03%、28.13%;高肥时分别提高9.11%、23.71%、18.75%和16.55%、38.57%、50.84%。可见在较高肥条件下,烤烟伸根期和成熟期进行分根区交替灌溉是烟叶适产优质生产中一种较好的水分调控方式。 相似文献
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不同灌溉方式下脐橙生育特性及品质的水肥一体调节效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探索了不同灌溉方式下(常规灌溉、分根区固定灌溉和分根区交替灌溉)脐橙生育特性及品质的水肥一体调节效应,为脐橙高效生长和优质奠定基础。结果表明,相比高肥水质量比(氮与水质量比),低肥水质量比使脐橙萌芽率降低了5.18%~11.54%,枝梢平均生长量降低了9.10%~25.51%,开花率降低了19.81%~27.09%,果实横径降低了1.73%~11.66%,可溶性固形物提高1.00%~12.00%,糖提高2.08%~11.93%,酸变化幅度为-4.39%~25.58%,Vc变化幅度为-15.78~12.31%,单株产量降低7.56~15.00%。相比常规灌溉,分根区固定灌溉下萌芽率降低了14.13%~18.14%,枝梢平均生长量下降了12.64%~21.44%,开花率提高了13.46%~22.45%,果实横径降低了5.02%~12.89%,可溶性固形物、糖、酸和Vc分别提高35.64%~48.00%、51.09%~56.95%、271.53%~314.76%、77.98%~95.16%,单株产量降低30.10~32.02%;分根区交替灌溉下萌芽率降低了6.59%~8.84%,枝梢平均生长量下降了5.03%~12.55%,开花率提高了6.16%~9.07%,果实横径降低了0.34%~4.00%,可溶性固形物、糖、酸和Vc分别提高4.95%~19.00%、2.12%~23.52%、8.16%~63.09%、3.90%~19.46%,单株产量降低12.40%~20.30%。因此,低肥水质量比及分根区交替灌溉方式对脐橙产量影响较小,可降低冗余生长且显著提高品质。 相似文献
3.
为探索分根交替灌溉条件下水/沼液一体化施用方式对番茄生长和产量品质的影响.本研究采用两季盆栽试验,以番茄为研究对象,在水/沼液一体分根交替灌溉基础上,采用地表灌溉(APRI-B)和穴孔灌溉(APRI-X)2种灌溉方式,探求不同灌溉方式对番茄生长指标、干物质质量分配以及产量品质指标的影响规律.结果表明:APRI-X处理能... 相似文献
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为探讨玉米节水灌溉方式的理论依据,通过桶栽试验研究了分根区交替灌溉(APRI)方式下,不同生育期水分亏缺对夏玉米生长、干物质累积质量、籽粒产量、总耗水量和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响.结果表明:常规灌溉(CI)方式下,苗期和全生育期水分亏缺的株高、叶面积和总耗水量均显著低于充分灌溉,但苗期水分亏缺可以提高WUE.相同的灌水方式和亏缺时期,中度亏缺的根干物质质量、地上和总干物质质量以及籽粒产量均显著高于重度亏缺;相同的灌水方式和灌水水平,苗期水分亏缺的株高、叶面积、根干物质质量、地上和总干物质质量以及总耗水量均显著的低于灌浆期,但籽粒产量和WUE均显著高于灌浆期;相同的灌水水平和亏缺时期,APRI的根干物质质量和总耗水量均显著低于CI的,但APRI的籽粒产量和水分利用效率均显著高于CI的.本研究结果表明,APRI在苗期进行中度亏缺有利于营养生长的调控,并达到节水高产,提高WUE的目的. 相似文献
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分根区交替灌溉对北疆加工番茄生理生长及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分根区交替灌溉被广泛应用于园艺作物和农作物中,以达到高效节水的目的.采用桶栽试验,供试加工番茄为当地主栽品种"金番3166",研究了3种灌溉方式(AI,FI,CI)与滴灌覆膜结合,在3个灌水水平(W1:5 850 m~3/hm~2,W2:4 500 m~3/hm~2,W3:3 150 m~3/hm~2)下的加工番茄生理生长及产量变化.结果表明:W1条件下,AI较CI加工番茄生育期末根系干物质质量、产量及水分利用效率分别提高5.95%,16.87%及17.29%;较FI分别提高14.62%,19.77%及8.33%.叶绿素SPAD,F_v/F_m,Q_p,P_n,叶片iWUE最大值均在AIW1处理,Npq最大值在FIW3处理.产量与Pn、根冠比有较好的相关关系.分根区交替灌溉在适宜的灌溉定额下不仅能提高水分利用效率,还能提高叶片叶绿素含量以提高净光合能力,达到增产的目的.综上,AIW1处理是加工番茄高效节水增产的最佳灌溉模式. 相似文献
8.
灌水方式和水平与施肥方式对糯玉米产量和水肥利用的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根区局部灌溉是通过人为控制作物部分根区湿润和干燥,刺激根系吸水功能和调节气孔开度,减少蒸发蒸腾耗水的节水灌溉技术。为揭示玉米根区局部灌溉水肥利用及其最佳供应模式,通过盆栽试验,研究了在不同灌水水平和施肥方式下玉米苗期-拔节期根区局部灌溉对糯玉米产量、水分利用和NK含量和吸收量的影响。试验设3种灌水方式,即常规灌溉CI、分根区交替灌溉AI和部分根区固定灌溉FI,3种灌水水平,即充分灌水W1、轻度亏水W2和中度亏水W3,和2种施肥方式,即1/2土壤50%施肥量+1/2土壤50%施肥量F1和1/2土壤70%施肥量+1/2土壤30%施肥量F2。F1W1时,与CI相比,AI耗水量减少12.9%,而鲜穗产量、水分利用效率和地上部K含量分别增加15.7%、32.9%和16.6%,但是地上部N含量和总N、K吸收量增加不明显。与F1相比,AIW1时,F2鲜穗产量、水分利用效率、地上部K含量和总K吸收量均有所降低。因此,苗期-拔节期分根区交替灌溉AI在充分灌水W1且均匀施肥F1情况下表现最佳。 相似文献
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再生稻干湿交替灌溉与根区分层施氮减少温室气体排放 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《灌溉排水学报》2021,40(7)
【目的】探明再生稻优化灌溉与根区分层施氮下温室气体排放与产量的综合响应。【方法】基于静态暗箱–气相色谱法对再生稻进行温室气体排放的田间原位观测,设置2种灌溉模式(常规灌溉和干湿交替灌溉)和5个施肥处理(不施氮,CK;农民常规分次施氮,FFP;一次性根区5cm浅施控释尿素,RF1;一次性根区10cm深施控释尿素,RF2;一次性根区5 cm和10 cm分层施控释尿素,RF3),研究了再生稻优化灌溉与根区分层施氮对温室气体排放和产量的综合影响。【结果】(1)常规灌溉模式下,RF1、RF2处理和RF3处理在全生育期的CH_4、N_2O和CO_2排放量比FFP处理分别降低了49%～76%、55%～81%和57%～69%(P0.05),干湿交替模式下CH_4、N_2O和CO_2排放量比FFP处理分别降低了52%～77%、52%～73%和61%～75%(P0.05)。(2)3种温室气体所引起的GWP(以CO_2计,kg/hm~2),干湿交替下FFP、RF1、RF2处理和RF3处理的GWP量与常规灌溉相比分别降低了3%、10%、13%和11%(P0.05)。(3)2种灌溉模式下RF3处理再生稻产量较FFP处理分别显著提高了7%和11%。【结论】再生稻根区分层施用控释尿素在提高产量的同时对温室气体具有减排作用,而且干湿交替模式节水、增加再生稻产量,也具有一定的减排作用,因此分层施氮与干湿交替协同是实现再生稻种植的轻简化操作的可行措施。 相似文献
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不同灌溉处理对玉米生长及水分利用效率的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
通过温室试验,研究了不同灌溉处理对玉米的生长状况,生理特性及产量和水分利用率的影响。结果表明,充分灌溉处理(FI)的植株株高、茎粗与叶面积长势优于其它处理,而地上部分及根系的干物质累积量低于其它处理。相同的灌溉量条件下,分根交替灌溉处理(PRD)的植株产生的脯氨酸含量高于调亏灌溉处理(DI),说明PRD处理能够使植株提高渗透调节能力。在产量构成中,FI处理的植株产量最高,PRD 75%(灌水量为充分灌溉的75%)处理的植株产量略低于FI处理,二者差异不显著,其次为D I75%处理(灌水量为充分灌溉的75%)。尽管FI处理的植株绝对产量最高,但是以牺牲水分利用率为代价的,而其它处理尽管绝对产量较FI处理略低,但由于其耗水量也低,水分利用率反而高于FI处理。特别是PRD 75%处理的植株绝对产量和水分利用率都有较好的表现。 相似文献
11.
Water-use efficiency and physiological responses of maize under partial root-zone irrigation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fusheng Li Caihui Wei Jianhua Zhang Shaozhong Kang 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,97(8):1156-163
Alternate partial root-zone irrigation (APRI) is a water-saving irrigation method but also can regulate crop physiological responses. This study investigated how water-use efficiency (WUE) and other physiological responses were regulated at different growth stages when maize plants were applied with APRI and how these responses were recovered to control levels when full irrigation was resumed. A pot experiment was carried out at two fertilization levels and with three irrigation methods at the jointing stage (29-38 days after sowing) or during the jointing and tasselling stages (29-77 days after sowing). The irrigation methods included the conventional irrigation (CI), APRI and fixed PRI (FPRI, watering was fixed to one side). Compared to the CI, APRI at the jointing stage for 10 days or during the jointing and tasselling stages for 49 days reduced water consumption by 10.6-12.9 and 31.7-32.4%, respectively, but did not reduce total dry mass accumulation significantly, thus increased canopy WUE by 10.4-13.6 and 41.2-41.8%, respectively. FPRI reduced the total dry mass significantly even though it also improved canopy WUE. APRI had slight effect on the leaf relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoid (CAR), proline (Pro) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities from jointing to tasselling stages but recovery to the levels of CI was rapid after receiving full watering. In comparison, FPRI treatment significantly reduced leaf RWC, Chl and CAR contents and SOD and POD activities and increased the Pro and MAD contents. After receiving full watering, the above-mentioned physiological indexes in FPRI could not recover fully to the levels of CI. High fertilization treatment only increased leaf Chl content significantly and contributed little to the total dry mass accumulation. Our result suggests that APRI can make plants use water and nutrients more efficiently with better drought tolerance. 相似文献
12.
两种施肥水平下根区局部灌溉对甜玉米水分利用的效应 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
根区局部灌溉如分根区交替灌溉和部分根干燥灌溉是新的高效节水技术。研究了两种施肥水平条件下根区局部灌溉对甜玉米叶片光合、叶面积、干物质积累和水分利用的影响。结果发现,与常规均匀灌水相比,根区局部灌溉高、低肥处理的蒸腾速率分别降低19．01％和17．50％．光合速率分别提高8．88％和18．34％,叶片水分利用效率分别提高34．69％和43．45％。随着甜玉米生育期的推进．各灌溉处理间的叶面积差异逐渐缩小;单株干物重分别下降15．14％和24．38％,蒸散量(即作物耗水量)分别下降31．28％和29．58％;冠层水分利用效率分别提高23．48％和7．40％。这表明较高肥条件下根区局部灌溉的冠层水分利用效率提高较多,因而根区局部灌溉技术的节水效应要与合理施肥相结合才能发挥更好的作用。 相似文献
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Antioxidation responses of maize roots and leaves to water deficit and rewatering under partial root-zone irrigation (PRI) were investigated using a pot system. Plants were cultured using three irrigation methods, i.e. conventional irrigation (CI), alternate PRI (APRI) and fixed PRI (FPRI) with three different water regimes including W1 (70% field capacity, FC), W2 (50% FC) and W3 (35% FC). Compared to CI, root peroxidases (POD) activity was enhanced in the irrigated root zone of FPRI and both root zones of APRI during mild water deficit. After rewatering, POD activity was increased in the dry root zone under FPRI but reduced in the roots under APRI. Roots in the dry zone and leaves under FPRI remained high superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity after rewatering. In contrast, SOD activity decreased in the roots and leaves under CI and APRI. Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were increased in leaves and two sub-roots under FPRI during water deficit and remained higher after rewatering compared to those under CI and APRI. MDA contents in the tissues under APRI showed similar levels to those under CI. Compared to CI, APRI showed the same biomass production, achieving significantly higher water use efficiency under mild water deficit. The results suggested that plants under APRI experienced less oxidative stress or damage induced by water deficit. 相似文献
14.
Effects of partial root-zone irrigation on the nitrogen absorption and utilization of maize 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To investigate the dynamic change of plant nitrogen (N) absorption and accumulation from different root zones under the partial root-zone irrigation (PRI), maize plants were raised in split-root containers and irrigated on both halves of the container (conventional irrigation, CI), on one side only (fixed partial root-zone irrigation, FPRI), or alternatively on one of two sides (alternate partial root-zone irrigation, APRI). And the isotope-labeled 15N-(NH4)2SO4 was applied to one half of the container with (14NH4)2SO4 to the other half so that N inflow rates can be tracked. Results showed that APRI treatment increased root N absorption in the irrigated zone significantly when compared to that of CI treatment. The re-irrigated half resumed high N inflow rate within 5 days after irrigation in APRI, suggesting that APRI had significant compensatory effect on N uptake. The amount of N absorption from two root zones of APRI was equal after two rounds of alternative irrigation (20 days). The recovery rate, residual and loss percentages of fertilizer-N applied to two zones were similar. As for FPRI treatment, the N accumulation in plant was mainly from the irrigated root zone. The recovery rate and loss percentage of fertilizer-N applied to the irrigated zone was higher and the residual percentage of fertilizer-N in soil was lower if compared to those of the non-irrigated zone. The recovery rate of fertilizer-N in APRI treatment was higher than that of the non-irrigated zone but lower than that of the irrigated zone in FPRI treatment. In total, both FPRI and APRI treatments increased N and water use efficiencies but only consumed about 70% of the irrigated water when compared to CI treatment. 相似文献
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Soil microbial response, water and nitrogen use by tomato under different irrigation regimes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of full irrigation (FI), deficit irrigation (DI) and partial root-zone drying (PRD) on plant biomass, irrigation water productivity (IWP), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of tomato, and soil microbial C/N ratio. The plants were grown in pots with roots split equally between two soil compartments in a climate-controlled glasshouse. During early fruiting stage, plants were exposed to FI, DI, and PRD treatments. In FI, both soil compartments were irrigated daily to a volumetric soil water content of 18%; in PRD, only one soil compartment was irrigated to 18% while the other was allowed to dry to ca. 7-8%, then the irrigation was shifted; in DI, the same amount of water used for the PRD plants was equally split to the two soil compartments. The results showed that, the FI treatment produced significantly higher dry biomasses of leaves, stems, and fresh weight of fruit and water productivity of aboveground dry biomass production than either DI or PRD, however, fruit IWP in DI was 25% higher than that of FI, and harvest index in DI and PRD were 50% and 22% higher than FI, respectively, for the 26% and 23% less water used in the DI and PRD, respectively, than the FI treatment. The DI treatment caused the smallest losses of N and highest N use efficiency by fruit. Both DI and PRD caused a significant increase in the soil microbial C/N ratio, meaning ratio of fungal biomass was high at low soil water contents. The result indicates that more work is needed to link the aboveground N uptake and the underground microbially mediated N transformation under different water-saving irrigation regimes. 相似文献
16.
Fusheng Li Jiangmin Yu Shaozhong Kang Jianhua Zhang 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,97(2):231-239
Partial root-zone irrigation (PRI) is an effective water-saving irrigation method but the heterogeneous soil moisture distribution that may affect soil enzymatic activities and crop water use. With pot-grown maize, we investigated the dry mass accumulation, crop water-use efficiency and the activities of four major soil enzymes from jointing to grain filling stages of maize plants subjected to PRI and also different ratios of inorganic to organic N fertilizers. Three irrigation methods, i.e. conventional irrigation (CI), alternate PRI (APRI) and fixed PRI (FPRI) and three ratios of inorganic to organic N, i.e. 100% inorganic (F1), 70% inorganic + 30% organic (F2) and 40% inorganic + 60% organic (F3), were applied. Compared to CI, PRI reduced total dry mass and water consumption of maize by 9.5 and 15.7%, respectively, which led to an increase of canopy water-use efficiency by 7.4%. Within the same irrigation method (CI, APRI or FPRI), added organic N increased total dry mass and canopy WUE. During the whole period, maximal soil catalase, urease and acid-phosphatase activities occurred in the wet root-zone of PRI, but maximal invertase activity occurred in the dry root-zone of PRI. When organic N was the most (F3), APRI increased soil catalase, urease and invertase activities at jointing stage if compared to CI, but PRI reduced the acid-phosphatase activity from jointing to filling stages. Soil catalase, urease and invertase activities generally increased with more organic manure, but the maximal acid-phosphatase activities occurred under moderate amount of organic N (F2). Our results indicate that APRI increases canopy WUE and the catalase, urease and invertase activities in its wet zone and organic N plays a major role in enhancing canopy WUE and soil enzymatic activities. 相似文献
17.
We investigated the effects of partial root-zone drying (PRD) applied at different periods on leaf water relations, vegetative development, fruit yield, must and wine quality in wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Monastrell) during a 3-year field experiment in order to determine the importance of the timing of PRD application on physiological and agronomical vine response under semiarid conditions. Two irrigation treatments were applied: conventional drip irrigation (CI) and PRD. Both treatments received the same annual water quantity. Each year the PRD treatment was applied at different periods of the growth cycle. In 1999 PRD was applied from veraison to harvest (end July–early September); in 2000 from fruit set to harvest (mid June–early September); and in 2001 PRD from budburst to harvest (mid April–early September). Leaf water relations and gas exchange during the experimental period were not significantly affected by PRD treatment. In 1999 and 2000 there was no significant treatment effect on vegetative development, yield or fruit quality. However, in 2001 (when PRD was applied from budburst to harvest), reproductive and vegetative development was clearly altered in PRD vines. Fruit set percentage and vegetative development (shoot length, pruning weight and primary and lateral leaf area) were significantly increased in PRD vines compared to CI. This resulted in both higher yield (kg per vine) (43%) and water use efficiency (40%) compared to CI vines. Berry number per cluster and cluster weight were also significantly increased in PRD vines. Notwithstanding higher yield in PRD vines and a similar berry size, the must and wine quality was not significantly altered, indicating a higher synthesis and accumulation of photoassimilates and metabolites in the berries of PRD vines. We conclude that there was an positive effect on vegetative and reproductive growth when long-term PRD was applied from the beginning of growing season (budburst), suggesting that early onset of PRD is desirable to intensify PRD response under these semiarid conditions. Nevertheless from these results we need to further investigate the long- and short-term effects of PRD, with moderate water amounts, on vegetative and reproductive development such as flowering and fruit set processes in wine grapes. 相似文献
18.
Water use and yield responses of cotton to alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation in the arid area of north-west China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A field experiment was carried out over 2 years to investigate the effect of partial root-zone irrigation applied using drip
irrigation on the water use and yield of cotton (Gossypium
hirsutum) in oasis fields of arid north-west China. Two irrigation treatments, i.e., conventional drip irrigation (CDI, both sides
of plant row watered) or alternate drip irrigation (ADI, both sides of plant row alternatively watered) were applied under
plastic mulch. Three irrigation levels (i.e., 15, 22.5, 30 mm during 2004 and 12, 18, 24 mm during 2005) were applied at each
irrigation. Monitoring of soil water contents in the ADI treatment indicated a change in root-zone uptake in response to the
irrigation method, although there existed some lateral soil water movement from the wetted side to the dry side after each
watering. Stomatal conductance in ADI was lower than that of CDI when compared at the same irrigation level. Reduced stomatal
conductance and water loss resulted in higher water use efficiency (WUE) in the ADI treatment. About 31-33% less total irrigation
water was applied using the ADI method when compared to that of the CDI treatment with a similar seed cotton yield. ADI also
yielded 11% more pre-frost seed cotton than CDI in 2005, indicating a better lint quality and higher price. These results
suggest that ADI should be a useful water-saving irrigation method in arid oasis fields where cotton production is heavily
dependent on irrigation and water resources are scarce. 相似文献