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鲁西北黄河冲积平原引黄灌区农业灌溉模式研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究农业灌溉模式对于灌区进行高效节水灌溉具有重要意义。以山东省德州市平原县为研究区,利用模糊综合评价法分析该区地下水水质状况,采用GIS研究该区2000-2009年井灌期3月和9月地下水埋深的时空变异规律,基于以上分析和该区现代化水网灌溉、井灌的现状,提出更加合理的灌溉模式。研究表明:1研究区大部分灌区的地下水水质良好,水温、pH值、盐度、碱度和矿化度均符合农田灌溉水的要求;2研究区10年间(2000-2009年)3月和9月的地下水埋深变化不大,平均埋深较小,分别为2.75和2.97m;2000、2005和2009年3月和9月地下水埋深的分布格局具有一定差异性,年际埋深普遍降低或维持原来的状态,适合地下水开采;3研究区井灌存在诸多问题,但现代化水网灌溉正在大面积推广,灌区可通过水泵并联的方式将井水输送到低压管道中,实现基于水网的井渠混灌。 相似文献
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为查明沽源县浅层地下水水化学特征及水质状况,选取52组样品进行水化学组成分析.运用Piper三线图,确定研究区地下水水化学类型.在此基础上采用了不同的评价方法对该研究区水质现状进行评价.结果表明:该区浅层地下水化学类型主要以HCO3-Ca型为主;地下水质量综合评价结果显示研究区内18组地下水化学组分是比较高的,适用于农业用水,也可适当处理后作为生活饮用水;16组地下水化学组分高,质量标准评价为Ⅴ类水,不宜作为生活饮用水饮用.为了水资源利用效率,对其进行灌溉用水适宜性评价.通过对16组地下水作为灌溉用水评价,评价结果是DX-39处水质较差,不宜或不太适用于灌溉.研究成果可为该区浅层地下水资源的合理开发和利用提供科学依据,对保证灌溉当地农作物安全有着重要意义. 相似文献
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以石羊河流域下游民勤绿洲区域地下水为研究对象,运用地下水位动态ANN-FEFLOW模型模拟了不同情景下(现状条件、灌溉面积减少、节水灌溉实施、地表来水增加及综合工程措施等)地下水动态变化。结果表明,民勤绿洲现状条件下地下水将持续下降;灌溉面积减少可以明显缓解地下水位下降速度,节水灌溉对地下水的影响并不明显。地表来水为2.51×108 m3/a时,湖区地下水将出现正均衡;综合工程措施情景下,湖区和泉坝区地表来水分别为1.45×108 m3/a和2.51×108 m3/a时,地下水位回升。 相似文献
4.
淮北平原浅埋区地下水埋深对土壤水变化的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究淮北平原浅埋区夏玉米生长期地下水埋深对土壤水变化的影响,利用五道沟水文实验站1992-2014年大田玉米生长期0～1.0 m各垂直土层大田土壤水实测资料,结合同期地下水埋深(变幅1～3 m)及气象资料进行分析研究,采用回归分析法,分别建立了0.3～0.4、0.4～0.5、0.5～0.6、0.6～0.8、0.8～1.0和0～1.0 m土层平均含水率与地下水位埋深的回归模型。结果表明:0.3～0.4、0.4～0.5、0.5～0.6、0.6～0.8、0.8～1.0和0～1.0 m土层平均含水率与地下水埋深呈线性负相关关系,拟合优度分别为0.632、0.739、0.788、0.861、0.834和0.780。该研究为及时了解土壤水动态变化、合理调控地下水位、提高田间水利用率具有重要意义。该研究成果为及时了解土壤水动态、合理调控地下水位和提高田间水的利用率具有重要意义。 相似文献
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为确定限制引水背景下河套灌区土壤水-地下水动态及其转化关系,为优化农田水管理策略提供理论依据,选取河套灌区典型斗渠区域,基于2年土壤水、地下水的监测数据,分析在不同作物种植区、不同灌溉期的农田土壤水、地下水的动态变化规律。运用水量平衡法对地下水浅埋区农田土壤水与地下水的转化关系进行定量研究,结果表明：生育期内农田土壤水分变化属于“灌溉降水入渗补充-腾发消耗型”;受灌溉影响,不同时期地下水埋深动态具有显著的灌溉型特征,土壤水渗漏补给地下水明显抬升地下水位,地下水排水和潜水蒸发又降低地下水位;在作物生育期内,土壤水与地下水进行双向补给,且不同时期具有不同的转化特征;研究区2年生育期内灌溉降水补给土壤水分别为544.56mm和541.85mm,平均腾发量为465.5mm和434.8mm,土壤储水量减少61.96mm和63.1mm,土壤水补给地下水为207.73mm和236.94mm。研究可为当地及相近地区农业节水灌溉提供科学依据。 相似文献
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魏光辉 《国际沙棘研究与开发》2017,(1)
地下水埋深对作物灌溉制度的制定及土壤次生盐碱化的防治具有重要影响.为研究不同地下水位对棉花膜下滴灌灌溉制度的影响,本文以新疆孔雀河流域为研究区,利用HYDRUS-2D软件对不同地下水位下的土壤含水率动态进行模拟,结果表明:地下水埋深为1m时,地下水对土壤水的补给作用较强,灌溉定额3000m3/hm2较为适宜;地下水埋深为2.0m时,灌溉定额4500m3/hm2较为适宜,此时棉花基本不受水分胁迫;地下水埋深为3m时,地下水对土壤水已无补给作用,灌溉定额5550m3/hm2较为合适,此时水分胁迫时间累计14d.研究结果为指导当地水资源开发利用及棉花种植业提供了重要参考. 相似文献
7.
新疆塔里木盆地平原区中盐度地下水分布及其质量评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
依据2002～2004年完成的"新疆平原区地下水资源调查与评价"成果，采用地下水资源模数法和GIS技术，确定了塔里木盆地平原区中盐度地下水（矿化度为2～3、3～5和5～7g/L）的分布状况，分布面积为92141.32km2，占塔里木盆地平原区总面积的30.6%；计算了各流域、各地（州）中盐度地下水的补给资源量，总补给资源量为11.16亿m3/a 。分别采用单指标法（盐度S、可溶性钠含量SSP、镁系数KMg、残余碳酸钠RSC和钠吸附比SAR）、综合危害系数K和灌溉系数Ka法对中盐度地下水的水质进行了全面的评价，得出了各流域、各地（州）中盐度地下水的灌溉适应性评价结果。 相似文献
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基于Visual MODFLOW模型的三湖灌域地下水资源评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以内蒙古河套灌区下游的三湖灌域为研究背景,采用Visual MODFLOW模型对研究区未来15年的水资源利用及水资源变化趋势作了详细的预测研究。结果显示,到2010年研究区地下水总补给量为9940.76万m3,2015年为8184.34万m3,2020年为6808.72万m3。3个水平年地下水总补给量分别比现状年减少551.68、2308.1和3666.05万m3。3个水平年地下水位下降幅度分别为0.5～2.0 m、0.5～2.5 m之间和0.5～3.0 m之间。到2020年研究区地下水位下降最大达3 m,已接近生态要求最低水位。研究区引黄灌溉水量最少不能低于6000万m3,否则,将会出现地下水量减少、地下水位持续下降的趋势,危及生态环境的安全。 相似文献
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龟裂碱土地下水埋深、矿化度和盐分离子年内时空变化特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
探明龟裂碱地浅层地下水埋深、矿化度和盐分离子年内时空变化特征,为改良利用龟裂碱地水盐调控提供科学依据。以宁夏西大滩前进农场新垦龟裂碱地61.3hm2为研究区域,通过15个观测井监测浅层地下水水位、pH值、矿化度和盐分离子月间时空动态分布规律,数据显示,区域浅层地下水埋深北高南低,东高西低;东北最高,中间最低。区域浅层地下水矿化度北低南高,东低西高;东北最低,中间最高。地下水的类型主要属于Na+-Cl-型水,属于中性偏碱类型。年内地下水水位平均为0.96m,矿化度平均2.26g/L,其中3月份地下水水位最深1.71m,矿化度最小1.01g/L;11月份地下水水位最浅0.4m,矿化度最大2.82g/L。盐分离子以Na+、Cl-、SO2-4和HCO-3为主。总体来说地下水位与矿化度成定性关系,地下水位较浅时,相应的矿化度较高,盐分离子含量也较高;地下水位较深时,相应的矿化度较小,盐分离子含量也较低。 相似文献
11.
农业节水措施对地下水涵养的作用及其敏感性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以北京市大兴区为研究区,利用经校验的水平衡模型,通过调整灌溉满足率和灌溉水利用系数,探讨了不同农业节水措施对增加地下水补给量和减少地下水开采量的作用及其敏感性。结果表明,不同水文年型下,降低灌溉满足率及提高灌溉水利用系数都能减少地下水开采量,且降低灌溉满足率对减少地下净开采量的作用更为显著,有利于区域地下水涵养。在参数取值范围内,地下水净开采量对灌溉满足率的敏感性较大,而地下水补给量对灌溉水利用系数的敏感性较高。与提高灌溉水利用系数相比,对资源性缺水区域,采用先进节水技术,适度降低区域灌溉满足率,对促进水资源持续有效利用及加大地下水涵养具有更显著的效果。 相似文献
12.
为了科学合理、简便有效地评价灌溉水质,提出了一个灌溉水质评价的指数公式,并采用粒子群算法优化公式中的参数,得出优化后适用于多指标的灌溉水质评价公式.以新疆阿拉尔垦区、尉犁县和宁夏平罗县的水质资料为例进行验证.结果表明,该公式与综合危害系数法、模糊综合评价、突变理论的评价结果基本一致.新疆阿拉尔垦区和宁夏平罗的地下水适合农业灌溉,而尉犁县平原灌区浅层地下水不宜长期直接灌溉.灌溉水质评价公式具有简单便捷的优点,可以快速地得出灌溉水质评价结果,为灌溉水质评价提供了新的有效途径. 相似文献
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Understanding and managing groundwater and salinity in a tropical conjunctive water use irrigation district 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Agricultural production around the world is increasingly being constrained by hydrological factors—such as over-extraction of groundwater in some locations, rising water tables in others, and worsening groundwater quality in general. One such area is the Lower Burdekin irrigation area in northern tropical Australia, where rising watertable levels and increasing salinity concentrations within alluvial deposits are causing concern. The aim of this study was to improve understanding of the processes driving trends in groundwater quantity and quality in Mona Park, a conjunctive water use irrigation district in the Lower Burdekin. The analysis is intended to enable land and water managers to explore alternative policy and management practices to help support the reversal in current trends, and to improve water table conditions in terms of both water quantity and quality. Key lessons that are applicable to the development of new irrigation schemes in wet-dry tropical regions elsewhere in the world are emphasised.This study demonstrated that simple qualitative methods that link historical developments and observed climatic and hydrological trends can support development of a robust understanding of groundwater behaviour. The results showed that to minimise groundwater accessions in wet-dry tropical regions, a large soil water deficit should be maintained in the unsaturated zone prior to the onset of the wet season to buffer against potentially large wet season recharge events, and that this strategy should be implemented from when irrigation is first commenced. It is very clear that groundwater systems under or down gradient from irrigated areas need to be managed adaptively, such that: (1) timely decisions are made in response to changes in watertable level and groundwater quality; and (2) suitable mechanisms are in place to ensure farmers have the financial incentives and flexibility to respond in the short-term. The work also demonstrated that the establishment of good baseline data prior to irrigation development, and long-term analysis (>30 years) involving various combinations of wet and dry periods, are required in order to build a comprehensive understanding of potential groundwater behaviour and adaptive management needs. 相似文献
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《Agricultural Water Management》2002,57(3):223-238
In the irrigated areas of semi-arid regions, especially in northwest India, a considerable recharge to the groundwater leads to waterlogging and secondary salinization. In several sub-areas groundwater is mined, water tables fall, and salts are added to the root zone because a high proportion of irrigation water is derived from pumped groundwater of poor quality. Out of 1 million hectares of irrigation induced waterlogged saline area in northwest India, approximately half a million hectares are in the state of Haryana. Taking a homogenous physical environment as a starting point, the way and the extent to which farmers’ activities will affect the salinity and sodicity situation depend on farming and irrigation practices. In the past, soil salinity was mainly associated with high groundwater tables, which bring salts into the root zone through capillary rise when water is pumped. But nowadays, increasing exploitation of groundwater for irrigation purposes has led to declining groundwater tables and a threat of sodification and salinization due to use of poor quality groundwater. Farmers in northwest India are facing a situation in which they have to deal with salt volumes that are harmful for water uptake of crops. They are also facing the problem of sodicity, which has an adverse effect on the physical structure of the soil, causing problems of water intake, transfer and aeration. To mitigate the adverse effect of soil salinity on crop yield, the farmers irrigate frequently, either mixing canal water and groundwater, or alternately using canal water and groundwater. Due to differences in environmental parameters in the farming systems, such as groundwater quality, soil types and uneven distribution of irrigation water, income losses to the farming community are not uniform. This paper highlights the economic loss due to environmental degradation through the twin problems of waterlogging and soil salinity, which threaten the sustainability of agricultural production in Haryana state. Our analysis shows that the net present value of the damage due to waterlogging and salinity in Haryana is about Rs. 23,900/ha (in 1998–1999 constant prices). The estimated potential annual loss is about Rs. 1669 million (about US$ 37 million) from the waterlogged saline area. The major finding of the paper is that intensification per se is not the root cause of land degradation, but rather the policy environment that encouraged inappropriate land use and injudicious input use, especially excessive irrigation. Trade policies, output price policies and input subsidies all have contributed to the degradation of agricultural land. 相似文献
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内蒙古河套灌区三湖河灌域井渠双灌试验与探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了缓减黄河水资源日益短缺的局面,提高内蒙古引黄灌区的灌溉水保证率,以乌拉特三湖河灌域为研究对象,从2010年开始开展井渠双灌试验。结果表明:在实际运行中,井渠双灌起到了在灌溉紧张期缓解用水矛盾的作用,改善了地下水水质,但通过两年来的运行,出现了地下水采补不平衡形成漏斗的情况,并由于开采地下水水费没有开征,使用井灌成本低,灌溉方便及时,导致井灌面积不断扩大,引黄灌溉面积逐渐萎缩,地下水得不到有效补充,致使采补失衡,长此下去必将威胁三湖河灌域的可持续发展和生态平衡。 相似文献
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An experimental biomass crop of Nicotiana tabacum was grown over a nine-month period inside a greenhouse situated in Almería, south-eastern Spain. Two irrigation methods corresponding to treated urban wastewater and groundwater, were arranged. No significant differences were observed in the total biomass produced on the treated wastewater and groundwater plots, which ranged from 17 to 28 kg m−2, depending on plant density. Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was applied in order to gain knowledge of the potential impacts of using either treated wastewater, groundwater, or desalinated water for irrigation. The LCA study included all the processes involved in agricultural production up to the final plant cutting. Since desalinated water was not actually used in the experiment, the experimental data from tobacco irrigated with groundwater was used in the LCA. Impact categories included were: global warming; acidification; water eutrophication; primary energy use; as well as aquatic and terrestrial ecotoxicity. Special attention was put on the ecotoxicity of emerging and priority pollutants in treated wastewater, as well as on soil quality impacts, namely soil organic carbon deficit and soil salinisation. The results show that using desalinated water leads to higher environmental impacts in several impact categories, including global warming, energy use, soil quality, and aquatic ecotoxicity. As an example, primary energy use increases by 80% and 50% as compared to using treated wastewater and groundwater, respectively. On the other hand, wastewater pollutants in irrigation water may involve a relevant contribution to terrestrial ecotoxicity. For this reason, the impact score of the wastewater-irrigated crop is 23% and 35% higher as compared to the crop using desalinated water and groundwater, respectively. 相似文献
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The long term sustainability of conjunctive water use for controlling irrigation salinity is affected by increase in groundwater salinity over time. This paper uses mass conservation of salt and water to assess groundwater degradation over long time scales. Management options which affect this rate of degradation are also examined. The groundwater model developed is illustrated using data from the Shepparton Irrigation Region in the Murray Basin, Australia. The model predicts rapid groundwater deterioration when conjunctive use is conducted over only a fraction of the area of influence of a groundwater pump. Where the pumped aquifer is underlain by deeper groundwaters, the rate of groundwater degradation is also affected by leakage into or out of the conjunctive use system. Surface redistribution of groundwater from pumps installed in zones of regional groundwater discharge to areas recharging the regional groundwaters, reduces excessive degradation in the zones of discharge. With optimal surface distribution of groundwater, the rate of degradation is low. The rate of groundwater degradation also depends on salt inputs from irrigation water and rainfall, and the average depth from the soil surface to the base of the aquifer. The rate of degradation resulting from applied salts in surface water and rainfall is typically about 0.01 dSm-1 per year for shallow aquifers in the Shepparton region, but the rate is lower where deeper aquifers are pumped. Partial irrigation also reduces the rate of degradation because of the reduced rate of salt inputs. Where poorer quality groundwater lies within the area of influence of the groundwater pump, a greater rate of deterioration in the quality of pumped groundwater can be expected from groundwater mixing. In some irrigation regions limited export of groundwater through surface water conveyance structures to a river is possible, so that a regional surface salt balance could be maintained. However, salt exports made equal to the rate of surface imports into the irrigated area will only significantly impact groundwater salinity in the very long term, or where only shallow aquifers can be pumped. In addition, this export can be costly for downstream water users, or if construction of additional conveyance infrastructure is extensive; export can have a detrimental impact on riverine ecosystems. Other management options such as the depth of pump installation and the spatial distribution of irrigation water and pumped groundwater, which affect the redistribution of salts within the groundwater system, have the potential to have a much greater impact on local groundwater salinity. 相似文献
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随着水资源日益缺乏,再生水逐渐成为农业灌溉用水的一个重要水资源,而再生水指标监测是其安全利用的关键环节.为长期持续监测再生水灌溉对地下水与地表水的影响,设计开发了一种基于Google Maps API的远程水质监测系统,该系统利用了Google Maps提供的应用程序开发接口和ASP.NET技术,以B/S模式实现了水质监测点漫游、监测数据实时获取、历史监测数据查询、监测信息管理和维护等功能. 相似文献