共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 687 毫秒
1.
隔沟交替灌溉在高原夏菜莴笋上的应用研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在甘肃河西走廊高海拔冷凉区以莴笋＂太原笋＂为试材,研究了常规沟灌（CFI）、固定隔沟灌溉（FFI）、隔沟交替灌溉（AFI）对莴笋生长、生理特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,隔沟交替灌溉（AFI）模式下莴笋的茎粗、茎重、产量、叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率与常规沟灌（CFI）模式下无显著差异。AFI较CFI节水22.2%、水分利用率提高26.9%,实现了经济产量不降低。莴笋上应用隔沟交替灌溉技术具有较大的节水潜力。 相似文献
2.
日光温室黄瓜生产中一直存在灌水量大，水分浪费严重等现象，针对这一问题，该试验以津育5号黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L）为试材，就交替隔沟灌溉和交替隔沟亏缺灌溉对日光温室黄瓜生长、灌溉水去向、水分利用效率和节水效果等的影响进行了研究。结果表明，交替隔沟灌溉减少了土壤水分的深层渗漏、土壤表面水分蒸发，植株蒸腾速率也略有下降，而植株光合作用没有受到明显影响，使同化产物有利于向果实分配，产量与对照持平，果实商品性和营养品质也有所提高。交替隔沟灌溉可节水37%～48%，作物水分利用效率提高47%～82%。此法简便易行，控漏减蒸效果明显，节水显著，在目前日光温室生产条件下极具推广应用价值。 相似文献
3.
在蒸渗仪测坑中,对隔沟交替灌溉条件下大豆根系层土壤水分运动与产量进行了研究。结果表明,隔沟交替灌水方式与常规灌溉相比较,有助于减少灌溉水分在土壤根系层以下的深层渗透,干湿交替灌溉有助于减少表层土壤的蒸发,且在适宜的灌水量水平下,产量增加显著提高,从而有效提高该灌水方式下的水分利用效率。由此说明,大豆采取交替灌溉在华北地区是一种经济可行的灌溉方式。 相似文献
4.
不同灌溉方式对制种玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过田间试验,研究了畦灌、常规沟灌、隔沟交替灌3种灌溉方式对制种玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响,结果表明,不同灌溉方式下,制种玉米产量为8.73~10.87 t/hm~2,耗水量为349.7~625.0 mm,WUE为1.40~3.01kg/m~3。隔沟交替灌溉方式耗水量最低,畦灌方式最高,常规沟灌居中。相同灌溉定额条件下,隔沟交替灌制种玉米产量较常规沟灌增减幅度在-2.43%~10.24%。常规沟灌方式若能保证作物需水关键期的灌溉,适度减少灌水不会造成制种玉米减产。产量构成要素结果表明,行粒数、出籽率、穗长、穗粗、秃尖长、千粒重产量构成要素对产量的累积贡献率达85.54%。在甘肃河西地区,制种玉米全生育期灌水8次(苗期1次,拔节期2次,抽穗期1次,灌浆期2次,乳熟期2次),灌溉定额2 250 m~3/hm~2的隔沟交替灌溉方式(T6处理)能稳定提高产量和水分利用效率。 相似文献
5.
交替隔沟灌溉下玉米根长密度分布及水分利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探明交替隔沟灌溉和常规沟灌条件下玉米根长密度的分布规律及水分利用效率(WUE),研究了2种沟灌方式下玉米根长密度的空间分布和水分利用情况。结果表明,玉米根长密度在根区水平向和垂向呈指数分布。交替隔沟灌溉促进了玉米根系的水平向伸展和下扎深度,常规沟灌在垄位的大密度根系分布集中在20～60cm。交替隔沟灌溉增大了根系下扎深度,有利于根系吸收深层土壤水分,在非充分供水条件下提高了作物的水分利用效率,交替隔沟灌溉水分利用效率较常规沟灌提高5%以上。 相似文献
6.
隔沟调亏灌溉对冬小麦旗叶生理特性与产量形成的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了解垄栽模式下隔沟调亏灌溉对冬小麦生理生化特性以及产量形成过程的影响及其机理,在移动式防雨棚测坑内进行了试验。试验设置5个处理,即T1(常规畦灌):全生育期计划湿润层土壤含水率控制在65%～75%田间持水率(FC); T2(隔沟交替灌溉,AFI):全生育期1/2交替灌,当土壤含水率下降至(55%～65%) FC区间内,即灌水至95%FC; T3、T4、T5为隔沟调亏灌溉处理:分别在返青-拔节期、拔节-抽穗期、抽穗-灌浆期将土壤含水率控制在(55%～65%) FC,其余生育阶段按T2处理控制土壤含水率。测定冬小麦花后旗叶光合特性指标、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量和产量构成等指标。试验结果表明,常规畦灌方式下冬小麦旗叶具有最高的净光合速率、蒸腾速率,但隔沟交替灌溉处理和隔沟调亏灌溉方式下的各个处理表现出较高的叶片水分利用效率,其中T3在开花期和灌浆期的日均叶片水分利用效率均为各处理中的最大值。各处理的籽粒产量由大到小依次为:T1、T2、T3、T4、T5,与T1相比,T2与T3分别减产1. 98%(P 0. 05)和5. 68%(P 0. 05),但分别节水10. 01%(P 0. 01)和16. 91%(P 0. 01),产量水分利用效率分别提高9. 04%(P 0. 05)和15. 82%(P 0. 01)。本试验条件下,隔沟调亏灌溉方式在返青-拔节期施加适当的水分调亏((55%～65%) FC)是兼顾节水、稳产的最佳处理。 相似文献
7.
8.
水氮耦合对温室番茄产量和水分利用效率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以番茄为试验材料,设置固定隔沟灌和交替隔沟灌两种灌溉方式,每种灌溉方式设置2个灌水水平和2个施氮水平,共8个处理,展开不同水氮组合对温室番茄产量、平均单果重和水分利用效率影响的研究,结果表明:增加灌水量可提高番茄的产量和交替隔沟灌溉下番茄的平均单果重。降低灌水量或施氮量时,水氮必须满足一定比例才可增加番茄平均单果重和提高交替隔沟灌下番茄的水分利用效率。水氮耦合、氮是影响番茄产量、平均单果重和水分利用效率的主要因素。水是影响番茄产量、平均单果重和固定隔沟灌番茄水分利用效率的主要因素。灌溉方式是影响番茄产量和水分利用效率的主要因素。 相似文献
9.
为了推进秸秆复合管地下灌溉技术的应用,以冬小麦为供试作物,通过田间试验,研究了秸秆复合管地下灌溉对冬小麦生长及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,与无灌溉对照相比,秸秆复合管地下灌溉、地表滴灌和地下滴灌对冬小麦的生长与产量的提升均有促进作用,其中秸秆复合管地下灌溉的提升效果最显著。与地表滴灌相比,秸秆复合管地下灌溉显著提升了冬小麦起身期至抽穗期的株高、开花期之后的叶面积指数及地上干物质量,冬小麦穗长和穗粒数分别增加了5.84%和9.23%,产量提升了15.55%,水分利用效率与灌溉水利用效率分别提高了21.88%与15.55%,净收益提高了77.95%。与地下滴灌相比,秸秆复合管地下灌溉提高了冬小麦返青期后的株高、叶面积指数与开花期后的地上干物质量,冬小麦穗长和穗粒数分别增加了5.15%和9.8%,产量提高了5.11%,水分利用效率与灌溉水利用效率分别提高了8.81%与5.11%,净收益提升了23.53%。秸秆复合管地下灌溉有助于促进拔节期以后冬小麦生长,提高冬小麦的产量与水分利用效率,经济效益较高,在补充灌溉区对大田密植作物具有较好的推广应用前景。 相似文献
10.
不同水量交替灌溉对木薯产量和水分利用的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨作物旱后复水的补偿效应,采用不同水量交替灌溉方式研究木薯的生长、产量及水分利用效率的变化规律,设计了5种水分处理模式,分别为3种常规灌水处理(T1,T2和T3处理的灌水定额分别为10,20,30 mm)和2种交替灌水处理(T4处理:即对灌水定额10和20 mm进行轮回交替;T5处理:即对灌水定额10和30 mm进行轮回交替).结果表明:与T2处理相比,T5处理的总叶面积、总干物质质量、产量和水分利用效率分别显著增加31.1%,20.3%,64.6%和114.0%.与T3处理相比,T5处理节水33.3%,其总干物质质量下降较小,而根系干物质质量、水分利用效率和产量分别显著增加11.2%,119.0%和13.3%.因此,T5处理是有利于木薯产量和水分利用效率提高的最佳灌溉模式. 相似文献
11.
12.
Effect of improved cultural practices on crop yield and soil salinity under relatively saline groundwater applications 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The salinity in the root zone increases with the application of relatively saline groundwater. Therefore, a limited water
supply coupled with high pumping cost and salinity hazards, makes it more important than ever that irrigation water be used
efficiently and judiciously. In the present study, farmer's practices of irrigation application methods (Field 1) were compared
with the water saving techniques (Field 2) for crop yield and salinization for two years with maize–wheat–dhanicha cropping
pattern. For maize crop, regular furrow method of irrigation was used in Field 1 and alternate furrow method of irrigation
was used in Field 2. For wheat experiments, basin irrigation method of water application was compared with bed and furrow
method. For dhanicha, basin irrigation was applied in both the fields. The results showed that about 36% water was saved by
applying irrigation water in alternate furrows in each season without compromising the maize crop yield. The salt accumulation
in root zone in alternate furrow field was less than that in regular furrow field. The salinity level near the surface increased
substantially in both the fields. The water saving in wheat crop under bed and furrow was 9–12% in both seasons. The salinization
process in both fields during wheat crop was almost same except redistribution of salts throughout the root zone in basin
field of wheat. The salinity developed in root zone during two major growing seasons was leached in monsoon. 相似文献
13.
A 4-year field experiment was conducted in a semi-arid area to evaluate the response of each furrow and alternate furrow irrigation
in wheat-cotton system using irrigation waters of different qualities in a calcareous soil. Irrigation was applied to each
and alternate furrow of bed-planted wheat followed by ridge-planted cotton for comparison with standard check-basin method
of irrigation to both the crops. These methods of irrigation were evaluated under three water qualities namely good quality
canal water (CW), poor quality tube well water (TW) and pre-sowing irrigation to each crop with CW and all subsequent irrigations
with TW (CWpsi + TW). The pooled results over 4 years revealed that wheat grain yield was not affected significantly with
quality of irrigation water, but significant yield reduction was observed in alternate bed irrigation under canal water and
tube well water irrigations. In cotton, poor quality tube well water significantly reduced the seed cotton yield in all the
three methods of planting. The pre-sowing irrigation with canal water and all subsequent irrigations with tube well water
improved the seed cotton yield when compared with tube well water alone. However, this yield increase was significant only
in alternate furrow irrigation, and the yield obtained was on a par with yield under alternate furrow in CW. When compared
to check-basin irrigation, each furrow and alternate furrow irrigation resulted in a saving of 30 and 49% of irrigation water
in bed-planted wheat, whereas the corresponding savings in ridge-planted cotton were 20 and 42%, respectively. Reduced use
of irrigation water under alternate furrow, without any significant reduction in yield, resulted in 28.1, 23.9 and 43.2% higher
water use efficiency in wheat under CW, TW and CWpsi + TW, respectively. The corresponding increase under cotton was 8.2,
2.1 and 19.5%. The implementation of alternate furrow irrigation improved the water use efficiency without any loss in yield,
thus reduced use of irrigation water especially under poor quality irrigation water with pre-sowing irrigation with canal
water reduced the deteriorating effects on yield and soil under these calcareous soils. 相似文献
14.
Soil water distribution, uniformity and water-use efficiency under alternate furrow irrigation in arid areas 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Soil water distribution, irrigation water advance and uniformity, yield production and water-use efficiency (WUE) were tested
with a new irrigation method for irrigated maize in an arid area with seasonal rainfall of 77.5–88.0 mm for 2 years (1997
and 1998). Irrigation was applied through furrows in three ways: alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), fixed furrow irrigation
(FFI) and conventional furrow irrigation (CFI). AFI means that one of the two neighboring furrows was alternately irrigated
during consecutive watering. FFI means that irrigation was fixed to one of the two neighboring furrows. CFI was the conventional
method where every furrow was irrigated during each watering. Each irrigation method was further divided into three treatments
using different irrigation amounts: i.e. 45, 30, and 22.5 mm water for each watering. Results showed that the soil water contents
in the two neighboring furrows of AFI remained different until the next irrigation with a higher water content in the previously
irrigated furrow. Infiltration in CFI was deeper than that in AFI and FFI. The time of water advance did not differ between
AFI, FFI and CFI at all distances monitored, and water advanced at a similar rate in all the treatments. The Christiansen
uniformity coefficient of water content in the soil (CUs) was used to evaluate the uniformity of irrigated water distribution and showed no decrease in AFI and FFI, although irrigation
water use was smaller than in CFI. Root development was significantly enhanced by AFI treatment. Primary root numbers, total
root dry weight and root density were all higher in AFI than in the FFI and CFI treatments. Less irrigation significantly
reduced the total root dry weight and plant height in both the FFI and CFI treatments but this was less substantial with AFI
treatments. The most surprising result was that AFI maintained high grain yield with up to a 50% reduction in irrigation amount,
while the FFI and CFI treatments all showed a substantial decrease of yield with reduced irrigation. As a result, WUE for
irrigated water was substantially increased. We conclude that AFI is an effective water-saving irrigation method in arid areas
where maize production relies heavily on repeated irrigation.
Received: 16 October 1999 相似文献
15.
泾惠渠灌区畦长对夏玉米耗水特性和产量影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
泾惠渠灌区中畦田规格参差不齐,灌区由于畦田过长而造成的灌溉水量浪费屡见不鲜,不仅没有形成高产而且极大的造成了水资源的浪费。通过大田与小区试验相结合,以当地农民习惯的灌溉方式为对照,设置3个灌溉畦长处理(80、120、240 m),每个处理设置3次重复,改水为80%。研究了灌溉畦长对夏玉米在生育期内的耗水特性和产量的影响,土壤水分分布与产量及其构成因素的关系等问题,选择出兼顾节水高产可行的最优畦长。研究结果表明:在生育期灌水后,80和120 m处理畦长内畦首、畦中和畦尾的土壤相对含水率较为均匀无显著差异,240 m处理畦长畦首、畦中和畦尾的土壤相对含水率产生显著性差异;80和120 m处理夏玉米在畦首、畦中和畦尾灌水均匀度较为平均且无显著差异,240 m畦长处理差异较为显著,且80 m畦长处理产量分布最为平均、平均水分利用效率最高产量为1.021 839万kg/hm2,水分利用效率为25.12 kg/(hm2·mm)。综合夏玉米产量及其分布、水分利用效率等因素,在泾惠渠灌区80 m的灌溉畦长是兼顾节水高产的最适宜畦长,该结论以期为泾惠渠灌区大田作物高产节水提供一定理论依据。 相似文献
16.
节水型冬季储水灌溉技术及其应用前景 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
储水灌溉在北方灌区被普遍应用,目的是将秋冬季多余的水分储存于土壤,供作物来年生育期利用。但储水灌溉灌水定额普遍偏高,水分利用率低,因此在北方缺水地区,研究提高储水灌溉的水分利用率,是节水灌溉制度研究的重要内容。对储水灌溉的水分利用效率进行了研究,探讨了在河西内陆区实行节水型冬季储水灌溉的可行性,分析了节水潜力。 相似文献
17.
An improved water use efficiency of cereals under temporal and spatial deficit irrigation in north China 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Taisheng Du Shaozhong Kang Jingsheng Sun Xiying Zhang Jianhua Zhang 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,97(1):66-74
Water shortage is the major bottleneck that limits sustainable development of agriculture in north China. Crop physiological water-saving irrigation methods such as temporal (regulated deficit irrigation) and spatial (partial root zone irrigation) deficit irrigation have been tested with much improved crop water use efficiency (WUE) without significant yield reduction. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of (1) spatial deficit irrigation on spring maize in arid Inland River Basin of northwest China during 1997–2000; (2) temporal deficit irrigation on winter wheat in semi-arid Haihe River Basin during 2003–2007 and (3) temporal deficit irrigation on winter wheat and summer maize in Yellow River Basin during 2006–2007. Results showed that alternate furrow irrigation (AFI) maintained similar photosynthetic rate (Pn) but reduced transpiration rate (Tr), and thus increased leaf WUE of maize. It also showed that the improved WUE might only be gained for AFI under less water amount per irrigation. The feasible irrigation cycle is 7d in the extremely arid condition in Inner River Basin of northwest China and less water amount with more irrigation frequency is better for both grain yield and WUE in semi-arid Haihe River Basin of north China. Field experiment in Yellow River Basin of north China also suggests that mild water deficit at early seedling stage is beneficial for grain yield and WUE of summer maize, and the deficit timing and severity should be modulated according to the drought tolerance of different crop varieties. The economical evapotranspiration for winter wheat in Haihe River Basin, summer maize in Yellow River Basin of north China and spring maize in Inland River Basin of northwest China are 420.0 mm, 432.5 mm and 450.0 mm respectively. Our study in the three regions in recent decade also showed that AFI should be a useful water-saving irrigation method for wide-spaced cereals in arid region, but mild water deficit in earlier stage might be a practical irrigation strategy for close-planting cereals. Application of such temporal and spatial deficit irrigation in field-grown crops has greater potential in saving water, maintaining economic yield and improving WUE. 相似文献