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用1000ml小水体进行斑节对虾和凡纳对虾各期幼体对卤虫无节幼体摄食量的比较实验，结果表明，二种对虾的卤虫摄食量与卤虫密度有关，在相同密度下，糠虾期凡纳对虾卤虫日摄食量明显高于斑节对虾，而卤虫密度对摄食量的影响凡纳对虾略低于斑节对虾，仔虾期卤虫摄食量差异日渐减小，P5-P6已很接近。 相似文献
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根据我们多年实地观测和调查，广两沿岸浅海、内湾、江河口等海区都是对虾繁殖、生长的场所，但由于虾类的生长期的不同以及季节变化等原因，虾类栖息的海域和集群的场所亦有变化，形成虾类种群数最密度较高的8处捕虾作业场所。 相似文献
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渤海湾对虾产卵场调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1964—1981年每年5—6月在渤海对虾的主要产卵场渤海湾连续进行了大面积调查。用9XX 周弟网垂直拖取对虾卵子、幼体定量标本,同时观测水温、盐度和饵料生物(微型浮游植物)等,研究对虾卵子、幼体数量分布和变动规律及其与外界环境条件的关系。渤海湾对虾产卵期一般从5月初到6月初持续一个月左右的时间。开始产卵时间的年间变化较大,与对虾性腺发育状况和5月份产卵场水温的高低有关。产卵期的底层水温为13—23℃。对虾产卵场卵子、幼体数量分布的年间变化较大,中心产卵场位于渤海湾水深3—10米,幼体的饵料生物密集在低盐度的海区,适盐范围为23—29‰。卵子、幼体悬浮在整个水体中,定点取样观察表明,卵子、幼体的数量随潮汐的周期性涨落而变动。卵子、幼体数量变动与产卵场产卵亲虾和饵料生物的数量以及平均盐度显著相关。渤海湾对虾世代补充量即幼对虾的相对数量与卵子、幼体数量变动无关。 相似文献
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以酶学分析方法测定了中国对虾各期幼体几种消化酶活力，实验结果表明，在中国对虾幼体发育过程中，五种消化酶活力表现出四种变化模式，其中胃蛋白酶和类胰蛋白酶活力逐渐增大，淀粉酶活力呈下降趋势，纤维素酶和脂肪酶活力极微，在食性转换过程中，胃蛋白酶、类胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶出现较明显的变化。中国对虾幼体消化酶活力对饵料中的营养物质有着明显的适应性，而且饥饿实验表明消化酶活力受个体发育的影响。作者认为中国对虾幼体消 相似文献
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在对虾的种苗生产中，幼体的饵料是育苗成败的重要因素之一。据报导，目前国内外主要采用植物性和动物性饵料，即生物饵料。但是人工培养生物饵料，不仅需要一定的设施，而且技术性较高，常常因光照不足或水质污染，致使饵料生物培养不起来，导致育苗的失败。因此，要批量培育对虾苗种，幼体的饵料必须始终保证供应。从目前而言， 相似文献
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今年4月23日至7月5日，我场利用珍珠贝育苗室进行对虾育苗试验取得了成功。初步摸索到了珍珠港长毛对虾(Penaeus penlcillatus Alcock)的繁殖习性、胚胎发育、幼体培育等规律。此外使用 相似文献
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In recent years, mangroves have been seriously threatened by shrimp culture development in the Mekong delta of Vietnam. As one way of protecting the mangroves, efforts have been made to develop shrimp-mangrove integrated farming systems through State Forestry Fisheries Enterprises (SFFEs), involving a participatory approach. The present study investigated the shrimp-mangrove farming systems in Ngoc Hien district at the southern tip of the Mekong delta through a detailed farm-level survey, including technical, environmental, social and economic factors. A total of 161 shrimp-mangrove farms on the east and west coasts of Ngoc Hien district were surveyed. The results showed that on the East coast of the delta, the pH of the bottom soil, the water alkalinity, gate width ratio (ratio of gate width to pond area), pond age and mangrove density, and flooding level of ‘flat’ (flat is where the mangroves are planted) in the dry and rainy seasons were significantly correlated with shrimp pond yields. On the west coast, the pH of the bottom soil, dissolved inorganic phosphorus, ditch area, and flooding level of ‘flat’ were found to be significantly correlated with shrimp pond yields. An economic analysis, based solely on the economic returns from shrimp culture showed that the farming systems with a mangrove coverage of 30-50% of the pond area gave the highest annual economic returns. The results demonstrate a better economic return to farmers who maintain mangroves in their farming systems. 相似文献
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Impact of farm management on expression of early mortality syndrome/acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (EMS/AHPND) on penaeid shrimp farms in Thailand 
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下载免费PDF全文 V Boonyawiwat T Patanasatienkul J Kasornchandra C Poolkhet S Yaemkasem L Hammell J Davidson 《Journal of fish diseases》2017,40(5):649-659
Asian shrimp farming industry has experienced massive production losses due to a disease caused by toxins of Vibrio bacteria, known as early mortality syndrome/acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (EMS/AHPND) for the last 5 years. The disease can cause up to 100% cumulative pond mortality within a week. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with AHPND occurrence on shrimp farms. A case–control study was carried out on shrimp farms in four provinces of Thailand. Factors related to farm characteristics, farm management, pond and water preparation, feed management, post‐larvae (PL) shrimp and stock management were evaluated. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified factors affecting AHPND occurrence at the pond level. Chlorine treatment, reservoir availability, use of predator fish in the water preparation, culture of multiple shrimp species in one farm and increased PL stocking density contributed to an increased risk of AHPND infection, while delayed first day of feeding, polyculture and water ageing were likely to promote outbreak protection. Additionally, the source of PL was found to be associated with AHPND occurrence in shrimp ponds, which requires further study at the hatchery level. Identification of these factors will facilitate the development of effective control strategies for AHPND on shrimp farms. 相似文献
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David A. McKee Addison L. Lawrence Wade L. Griffin 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1989,20(2):72-80
An economic and investment analysis was performed to determine the viability of bait-shrimp farming in Texas. A single pond analysis producing 5–5.5g shrimp always had higher returns above selected cost (RASC) than producing 4–4.5g shrimp. Stocking 0.01g shrimp had a higher RASC than stocking 0.25g, 0.50g or 0.75g shrimp. In the 20 pond analysis, which accounted for marketing considerations, stocking 0.25g shrimp had the highest RASC. The investment analysis, assuming average management, was declared bankrupt by the end of the fifth year. Under "excellent" management the internal rate of return was only 11.7%. It is unlikely that bait-shrimp farming will become a viable industry in Texas in the near future. 相似文献
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Ecological footprint for assessment of resource use and development limitations in shrimp and tilapia aquaculture 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
We review estimates of the spatial ecosystem support required to run a typical semi-intensive shrimp farm in a coastal mangrove area in Carribean Colombia, and to produce food inputs and process wastes for large-scale industrially managed tilapia cage culture and small-scale, semi-intensive tilapia pond farming in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. The tilapia farming is discussed in relation to the pelagic kapenta, Limnothrissa miodon (Boulenger), fishery and to inshore fisheries in the Lake. The results show that a semi-intensive shrimp farm needs a spatial ecosystem support—the ecological footprint—35 to 190 times the surface area of the pond, mainly mangrove area. Based on the analysis, we conclude that shrimp farming in Colombia is already utilizing close to the full support capacity of its coastal environment. In intensive tilapia cage farming, the ecological footprint for feed production is 10 000 times larger than the area of the cages. In contrast, a tilapia pond farm maintained on offals from fisheries, agriculture and households depends very little on external ecosystem areas. As long as there is a direct market for human consumption of all kapenta caught in the Lake, fish cage farming based on fish meal from kapenta would be doubtful from ethical, ecological as well as resource management points of view, even if it was economically feasible. 相似文献
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Over the past decade, viral pathogens have caused mass mortalities of farmed shrimp throughout the major shrimp farming regions of the world. In addition, the global shrimp farming industry has been criticized for negatively impacting coastal environments. These issues have raised concerns about the sustainability of traditional shrimp farming practices, and have prompted farmers and researchers to develop biosecure technologies that promote a sustainable industry. Current technologies include the use of specific pathogen free (SPF) shrimp that are grown to market size in recirculating systems that rely on pathogen exclusion. Inherent in this approach is the need to produce SPF broodstock under biosecure conditions. However, there is a paucity of information on broodstock growth and reproductive performance when they are reared in recirculating systems. The present investigation compares shrimp growth and reproductive performance in two trials where shrimp were cultured from market size (20 g) to broodstock size (40–60 g) in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) versus a flow-through earthen pond (EP). In trial 1, mean growth rates of males and females in the RAS were 0.83 and 1.33 g/week, respectively. In the EP, males and females grew 1.07 and 1.48 g/week, respectively. In trial 2, mean growth rates of males and females in the RAS were 0.90 and 1.53 g/week, respectively, whereas in the EP, males and females grew and 1.24 and 1.78 g/week. Slower growth rates in the RAS may be attributed to the lack of natural productivity, which provides supplemental nutrition to the shrimp. In addition to growth rates, reproductive performance of broodstock reared in the RAS was compared with historical reproductive performance of broodstock reared in the EP. Data on spawning success and production of viable nauplii revealed no significant differences (P>0.05) between broodstock shrimp reared in these two systems. These results indicate that broodstock shrimp can be cultured in a biosecure RAS while maintaining good growth and high survival. In addition, reproductive performance of broodstock shrimp reared in a RAS is not compromised when compared with broodstock shrimp reared in a conventional, flow-through pond. 相似文献
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为了解广东、广西沿海2010-2012年对虾育苗水体中副溶血性弧菌的耐药性变化,为育苗期对虾病害预防提供依据.研究依据GB/T4789.7-2008对各地育苗水体样品进行菌株分离、鉴定,并用纸片法进行耐药性检测.结果显示,72株在TCBS培养基上显示绿色的弧菌中检出副溶血性弧菌30株,检出率为41.7％,分离菌株对青霉素、氨苄西林、苯唑青霉素、米诺环素、阿莫西林、四环素、阿洛西林显示高度耐药,对四环素的耐药率达97％.对虾育苗水体在TCBS培养基上显示绿色的弧菌主要以副溶血性弧菌为主,所有菌株耐药性比较强,应加强育苗期抗生素使用的管理. 相似文献
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Evaluation of shrimp polyculture system in Thailand based on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
HISASHI YOKOYAMA JUNYA HIGANO a KUMIKO ADACHI YUKA ISHIHI YOSHIHIRO YAMADA b 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(4):745-750
ABSTRACT: To quantify the contribution by cocultured animals to waste assimilation in an intensive shrimp farm in Thailand, the food web structures of the macrobenthos in a reservoir pond, a shrimp culture pond and water treatment ponds were examined using the stable C and N isotope ratio technique. Seawater for aquaculture was drawn from a creek, and stored in a reservoir pond, used for farming the banana prawn Fenneropenaeus merguiensis in culture ponds, and then recycled through treatment ponds where the green mussel Perna viridis was cultured to remove organic wastes discharged from the farming. The clam worm Nereididae sp. and the mud creeper Cerithideopsilla cingulata in the culture pond had δ 13 C values of −21.0‰ and −18.4‰, respectively, suggesting that shrimp feed (mean δ 13 C = −20.7‰) was the main food source for these species. The δ 13 C analysis also suggested that sediments (−23.7‰) in the reservoir pond and particulate organic matter (POM) (−24.0‰) and/or sediments (−25.0‰) in the treatment pond supplied carbon for most macrobenthic animals. However, green mussels in the treatment pond had a mean δ 13 C value of −20.5‰, suggesting that shrimp feed was the main food source for this species. 相似文献
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对日本对虾亲虾运输，消毒暂养，催熟，幼体培育，养成，捕捞和活虾运输等全程技术进行了开发。１９９６年５００ｍ＾３育苗水体育出对虾苗４５００万尾，获得利８０余万元；８００亩精养池产虾１万ｋｇ，获利５０余万元，经济效益可观。 相似文献
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芽孢杆菌制剂对凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei肠道微生物群落的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
应用Biolog方法和传统的平板培养方法分析比较了施用芽孢杆菌制剂的虾池(B)和没有施用任何有益菌的虾池(A)在养殖后期凡纳滨对虾肠道微生物群落结构,并用Shannon指数、Simpson指数和McIntosh指数分析了2种群落的代谢功能的差异。2个虾池对虾肠道微生物群落可培养细菌优势菌属都是革兰氏阴性菌;B虾池对虾肠道可培养细菌数量比A虾池的少;但B虾池对虾肠道微生物群落Shannon指数、Simpson指数和McIntosh指数及其微生物群落代谢功能均显著高于A虾池(P<0.05)。结果表明,虾池施用了芽孢杆菌制剂,可促进养殖对虾肠道微生物群落的代谢功能。 相似文献
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This study focuses on a new trend in shrimp aquaculture, the development of brackishwater ponds for Penaeus monodon culture in inland freshwater areas of Thailand’s Central Plain. Water balances were calculated for ponds and reservoirs at an inland shrimp farm in Chachoengsao, Thailand, between May and July 1999. Regulated inflow and outflow were the largest water fluxes, averaging 0.94 and 0.70 cm/day. Other daily average water gains were rainfall (0.52 cm/day) and runoff (1.7 cm/day), and other water losses were evaporation (0.31 cm/day) and seepage (0.52 cm/day). Over an entire crop cycle, of average length 109 days, average water inputs were: initial pond filling (84 cm); regulated inflow (103 cm); rainfall (57 cm); and runoff (3 cm). Average outputs were: regulated outflow (76 cm); seepage (57 cm); evaporation (34 cm); and draining at harvest (87 cm). The main feature of note in the water balance is the large volume of regulated outflow. All regulated outflow and most (82%) of the pondwater drained at harvest went directly to the irrigation canal system. Such large volumes of discharge could have serious environmental implications because small inland waterways have low assimilative capacity and pond effluent is saline. Consumptive water use for 14 inland shrimp ponds and reservoirs averaged 0.83±0.14 cm/day. Consumptive water use was also measured for 11 nearby rice fields, the main land use in the regions where inland shrimp farming is proliferating. Rice paddy water use averaged 0.91±0.17 cm/day. There was no significant difference in the daily consumptive water use of shrimp ponds and rice fields, suggesting that conversion from rice farming to shrimp farming would have little net impact on water availability for irrigation. 相似文献