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1.
Movement and migration of fish are critical for sustaining riverine fish populations. Water resource development alters natural flow regimes and can disconnect habitats and interfere with hydrological cues for fish movement. Environmental flow releases can counter these impacts, but to be effective they must be based on quantitative flow–biota relationships. We used radio‐telemetry to investigate the association between flow and movement of Tandanus bostocki, a plotosid fish endemic to south‐western Australia. Movement was assessed for 15 adult fish at three temporal scales: weekly, daily and bihourly to reveal seasonal patterns in movement, movement around individual flow pulses, and to describe changes in home range respectively. We used a predictive modelling approach to assess the importance of discharge and other covariates on the directional distance travelled or linear home range size. Our seasonal and flow pulse study revealed that T. bostocki undertook larger downstream movements during higher flows and smaller upstream movements during lower flows. Daily movements tended to be downstream on the ascending limb of flow pulses and upstream on the descending limb. Flow‐dependent movements at weekly or daily time scales were relatively modest (typically hundreds of metres) and were moderated by time of year and gender; however, fish underwent a synchronised 1‐km movement upstream during the known reproductive period in October. The home range study revealed that T. bostocki had larger home ranges (night‐time foraging) when baseflow was elevated. These results can assist the design of customised environmental flows in the study river and other flow‐regulated rivers.  相似文献   

2.
Behavioural tracking of endangered adult Sakhalin taimen (Parahucho perryi) by acoustic telemetry was conducted in the Bekanbeushi River system that flows through eastern Hokkaido in 2008–2010. A total of 39 tracked P. perryi showed extensive use of the river system, both upstream and downstream, regardless of the month or year. No tracked adult P. perryi stayed in the ocean for more than 1 day. Some of the fish (20%) dwelled in upstream habitat consistently from spring to autumn, while 40% of individuals showed wide utilisation of the entire upstream and downstream systems. Although 39.4% of tracked fish utilised two or more primary tributaries to the main river, 6.1% used only the main river system. Distinct variability was observed between individuals based on the proportion of time spent in each stream reach (up‐, mid‐, and downstream). A trend was observed in 2008 and 2010 showing that tracked fish moved to the upper stream reaches when water temperatures downstream increased. This trend was not observed in 2009 when the summer water temperature downstream was more than 2 °C below average when compared to 2008 and 2010. Our results suggest that adult P. perryi in the Bekanbeushi River system exhibit high behavioural plasticity, that is, the fish can select habitats based on their own individual requirements. Our results also demonstrate the importance of physical continuity among river reaches both upstream and downstream such that P. perryi does not experience barriers in moving to optimal habitats.  相似文献   

3.
The effects of dietary phosphorus (P) on growth, body composition and immunity of young taimen (Hucho taimen) were studied. Six purified diets contained graded levels (2.3‐control, 4.0, 5.6, 7.5, 9.1 and 10.8 g kg?1 diet) of available P. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 30 fish with an initial average weight (55.31 ± 0.38) g for 84 days. The weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were improved by dietary available P up to 4.35 g kg?1 (P < 0.05) and then levelled off. Hepatosomatic index and body crude lipid content decreased significantly with increasing P levels, while ash contents and P concentrations in the whole body and vertebrae increased by dietary available P up to 4.36 and 4.44 g kg?1 and then levelled off respectively (P < 0.05). Liver superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and plasma alkaline phosphatase activities in the treatment groups were significantly higher compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Plasma IgM contents increased linearly with increasing dietary P from 4.0 to 9.1 g kg?1 group and then decreased. Dietary P supplementation reduced plasma triglyceride, malondialdehyde and liver malondialdehyde contents. There were no significant effects on plasma total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, catalase, lysozyme and liver catalase compared with the control group (P > 0.05). Broken line regression analysis indicated that dietary available P requirement was 4.34 and 4.35 g kg?1, based on weight gain and P concentration in the whole body respectively.  相似文献   

4.
哲罗鱼是我国珍稀大型冷水性鱼类,已处濒危状态。本文对哲罗鱼分布区域及其变化进行调查,分布区变化很大,正在进一步缩小。  相似文献   

5.
以刚上浮哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)仔鱼(体质量0.11～0.12g)为研究对象,在实验饲料中添加5个水平的谷氨酰胺二肽(Ala-Gln),各处理饲料中Ala-Gln添加量分别为0%(对照组)、0.125%、0.25%、0.50%、0.75%和1.0%,每处理3个重复,每重复1000尾仔鱼。实验期间水温7～10℃,溶氧保持高于7.8mg/L,实验共进行8周。结果表明,添加Ala-Gln能够显著提高哲罗鱼仔鱼肠谷氨酰胺(Gln)、谷氨酸含量(P0.05),提高肠脂肪酶活性和Na+,K+-ATPase活性(P0.05),同时,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著(P0.05)或极显著降低(P0.01)。结论认为,饵料中适量添加Ala-Gln可以提高哲罗鱼仔鱼肠道Gln和谷氨酸含量,以及消化酶活性和抗氧化能力。  相似文献   

6.
Little is known about the spatial ecology and behaviour of bowfin (Amia calva), despite the fact that it is an important freshwater carnivore, the last living member of the Amiiformes and effectively a living fossil. In the summer of 2013, acoustic telemetry transmitters were surgically implanted in ten bowfin captured in Toronto Harbour on Lake Ontario. Using a stationary acoustic telemetry array that covered most of the 18‐km2 harbour, the residency and movement patterns of bowfin were tracked from their release until November 2014. Detected bowfin ranged in size from 562 to 725 mm total length and included six males and three females (one female was not detected). Bowfin showed high site fidelity with most fish detections concentrated in embayments and within the Toronto Islands, areas characterised by relatively high stable water temperatures and submerged vegetative cover. Statistical modelling revealed that bowfin residency was significantly affected by season, body size, site‐specific estimates of vegetative cover and an interaction between body size and season. Bowfin residency increased with vegetative cover and was highest for large fish during the winter and fall months. Despite the overall high site fidelity exhibited by individuals, several bowfin were mobile over the spring and summer months and moved 5.2–12.9 km among telemetry receivers in the inner and outer harbours. The results of this study provide insight into the seasonal habitat preference, home range size and activity level of this unique fish.  相似文献   

7.
In order to determine the salinity effect on otolith strontium (Sr):calcium (Ca) ratios, the Sr and Ca contents of otoliths of Sakhalin taimen, Hucho perryi, reared for 60 days in four salinities (freshwater, one-third seawater, two-thirds seawater, and full seawater) were examined. The Ca and Sr contents and the resultant Sr:Ca ratios in the rearing water increased linearly with salinity. Otolith Sr:Ca ratios were also found to be positively correlated with salinity. However, the Sr:Ca did not correspond to temperature fluctuations during the experiment. These results indicate that Sr:Ca ratios in otoliths can be used to reconstruct the migratory history of the fish by differentiating when the fish migrated between freshwater and seawater.  相似文献   

8.
太门哲罗鱼消化系统形态学和组织学的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用解剖和显微技术对哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)消化系统形态学和组织学进行研究.结果显示:哲罗鱼口咽腔内除分布有味蕾和粘液细胞外,还着生有丰富的齿结构;食道粗而短,内壁有9～15个舌状粘膜褶皱,在粘膜层扁平上皮细胞间分布有大量的粘液细胞和少量梭型细胞;胃呈V型在粘膜层形成丰富胃小凹,柱状上皮下有发达的胃腺;肠分前...  相似文献   

9.
在饲料中添加几种自拟中草药复方药剂,研究其对平均体重0．08—0．10kg的1＋龄哲罗鱼（Huchotaimen）增重率、死亡率以及血液组织中部分生化指标的影响。实验组30尾,饲养在室内水族箱（0．90m×0．50m×0．45m）中,每天按照鱼体重的2．O％投喂饲料,对照组投喂不含中草药添加剂的饲料,每组设平行组。实验结束后,对各组的增重率和死亡率进行统计并对鱼体进行采样,进行生化指标的测定。结果显示,复方五对鱼体的增重效果显著;所有复方实验组鱼皆没有死亡;生化指标方面,复方二明显提高血清中总蛋白、白蛋白,及球蛋白的含量;复方一能明显升高乳酸脱氢酶的含量;复方二组、复方三组尿素氮在血清中的含量明显升高;其余几项生化指标与对照组相比没有明显变化。实验结果表明,在饲料中添加不同的中草药方剂对哲罗鲑血液中部分生化指标的改变与药物种类和剂量密切相关。  相似文献   

10.
哲罗鲑的集约化流水养殖   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本文对利用泉水集约化养殖哲罗鲑的生长情况、饵料系数、养殖成活率、病害防治进行了总结,并进行了养殖密度和饲料对比试验.经过323d的养殖,哲罗鲑从初始时的1.59g/尾增长到1020g/尾,达到了上市标准,养殖成活率84.84%,饵料系数0.86;密度和饲料实验表明放养800尾/池的哲罗鲑能够获得较好的效果,且投喂进口饲料的哲罗鲑饵料系数0.92,每Kg鱼饲料成本9.05元,投喂国产饲料的哲罗鲑饵料系数1.05,每Kg鱼饲料成本7.66元;影响哲罗鲑的主要疾病是小瓜虫病、烂鳃病和出血病,要提早预防.  相似文献   

11.
Zimmer M, Schreer JF, Power M. Seasonal movement patterns of Credit River brown trout (Salmo trutta).
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 290–299. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Movement habits in riverine populations of brown trout vary among watersheds. Thus it is important to identify factors influencing differences in individual behaviour so as to improve the information resource base available for the design of river‐specific management strategies. Such information is particularly needed in the rapidly urbanising watersheds of eastern North America where relatively little is known about anthropogenic influences on brown trout populations. In this study, we examined the influence of water temperature on brown trout behaviour in the Credit River in south‐central Ontario, Canada with respect to seasonal movement patterns. Observed patterns of movement were also correlated with variations in river discharge and habitat quality. Forty‐three radio‐tagged, adult brown trout were tracked in a confined 39.8 km portion of the Credit River from 15 May 2002 to 28 July 2003. Fish were captured in three sections of the river that differed in distance downstream and habitat quality. Fish size had little impact on movement patterns. However, there was considerable variation in seasonal movement with upstream movements to summer positions, maintenance of summer positions, downstream and often extensive movements in fall. Also observed was maintenance of winter positions and repeated upstream movements in late spring‐early summer to previously used summer positions. The elaborate movement behaviour in the Credit River population was attributed to seasonal changes in thermal habitat quality. Fish tagged in less suitable thermal habitats moved significantly more than fish from more suitable thermal habitats.  相似文献   

12.
The mobility patterns of two native species, barbel, Barbus barbus (L.) and chub, Squalius cephalus (L.), and of one non‐native fish species, the catfish Silurus glanis (L.), were assessed on a 35.5‐km reach of the Upper Rhône River, a strong flowing river with notable thermal regime alterations. An active acoustic tracking technique adapted to large rivers allowed (1) the identification of longitudinal home ranges, movements and preferred habitat at large scale, and (2) the analysis of the influence of discharge and water temperature on the movement patterns of the fish. The active fish‐tracking system recorded 1,572 fish localisations over 7 months on a weekly basis for 80% of the tagged fish (37 barbel, 23 chub and 13 catfish). Compared with the catfish, barbel and chub showed wider longitudinal home ranges, more movements >1 km and higher interindividual variability. The catfish preferred artificially heated habitats with less morphological diversity. The three species were more often localised in river sections with high density of woody debris. The results suggest that habitat degradation is more damaging for cyprinids in large modified rivers, while the catfish seemed less, impacted.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract Intraspecific, seasonal and diel variation in movement behaviours of three stocks of juvenile (age‐2; 399–610 mm total length) muskellunge, Esox masquinongy Mitchill, were assessed using radio telemetry in Forbes Lake (225 ha), IL, USA. Experimental populations included muskellunge from the Upper Mississippi (Leech Lake, MN, USA) and Ohio (Cave Run Lake, KY, USA) river drainages, as well as progeny from North Spring Lake, IL, a mixed‐origin stock. No differences in hourly movement rates or home ranges were detected among stocks. Movement rates were greatest during spring (mean ± SE = 42 ± 4 m h?1), lowest during summer (16 ± 3 m h?1) and intermediate in autumn (28 ± 5 m h?1). Additionally, movement rates during the summer were greater at night than crepuscular periods. Home range sizes were similar during spring and autumn (mean ± SE = 17–18 ± 3–4 ha) and decreased during summer (5 ± 3 ha). Although habitat selection characteristics were generally similar among stocks, fish from the Upper Mississippi River drainage occupied deeper water more frequently and selected the pelagic zone more strongly during the spring than those from the Ohio River and mixed‐origin stocks. Within the littoral zone, muskellunge selected coarse woody habitat and aquatic macrophytes. Collectively, these findings suggest little behavioural differentiation among genetically divergent stocks when evaluated in a common reservoir environment.  相似文献   

14.
Sakhalin taimen Hucho perryi populations have decreased drastically to near extinction. It is urgent to establish an effective conservation strategy based on an understanding of the characteristics of migration and habitat use of this species. We examined the migration history of anadromous Sakhalin taimen captured off the Sarufutsu coast, northern Hokkaido, Japan, using otolith Sr:Ca ratios and also examined the relationship between their otolith Sr:Ca ratios during freshwater and seawater residence in a rearing experiment. Otolith Sr:Ca ratios of some fish from the Sarufutsu coast showed freshwater levels (0.5–4.0 × 10−3) near the core, which thereafter increased to brackish water levels (4.0–6.0 × 10−3), and then to seawater levels (6.0–10.0 × 10−3) in the outermost regions. Those findings indicate that specimens from the Sarufutsu coast migrated to the brackish water region or the sea and spent most of their lives there. The anadromous migration pattern including the timing of downstream migration seems to be flexible among individuals in the species. They migrate between freshwater and seawater or brackish water several times during their lives, showing extensive habitat use. It is essential to secure the continuity among the freshwater, brackish water, and seawater areas for their effective conservation.  相似文献   

15.
In this study, 221 two‐year‐old hatchery‐reared salmon, Salmo salar, smolts were tagged with radio transmitters over a period of three consecutive years and released in the river in groups of 20–21 fish in various dates between late April and early June. Tagged smolts were tracked during their downstream migration in the lower 36‐km stretch of the regulated River Oulujoki, with the focus on the effects of release date, water temperature and river flow on migration behaviour and survival. The results indicate that release timing and river temperature have profound effects on the initiation of migration, swimming speed and survival of released S. salar smolts. Smolts released early in the spring in cold waters ceased migration after brief downstream movement and were vulnerable to predation, whereas the migration speed and survival rates increased markedly for smolts released later in the spring.  相似文献   

16.
为探讨高温对哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)血液指标和热应激蛋白基因表达的影响,本研究选取50尾2龄哲罗鱼进行高温胁迫试验。结果显示:高温时哲罗鱼体内供氧相关的红细胞和血红蛋白增加;淋巴细胞上升,但非特异免疫的中性粒细胞和单核细胞功能受到抑制;肝功能指标显示ALP增高;肾功能指标CREA-S含量表现先下降后上升的趋势;心脏功能的CK先下降、后上升。血液、心脏和脑中部分热应激蛋白表达量增加。结果表明:高温时哲罗鱼体耗氧增加,鱼体处于免疫状态,肝功能和肾功能在一定程度上受到一定损伤,心功能在26.0℃持续一段时间后得到恢复。由于肝受到了损失,已经失去了调节功能,血液、心脏和脑中部分热应激蛋白表达量增加以缓解鱼体不适。  相似文献   

17.
哲罗鱼属共有五个种类,其中川陕哲罗鱼(Hucho breeker)、太门哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)、石川哲罗鱼(HuchoishikawaiMori)在我国境内有分布.本文通过全面收集国内外资料,对我国分布的三种哲罗鱼,从形态特征、生物学特性、分布区域等指标进行了生物学的初步比较研究.  相似文献   

18.
魏巍  刘红柏  王荻  卢彤岩  尹家胜 《水产学报》2009,33(6):996-1002
采用RT-PCR技术从哲罗鱼主要免疫器官脾脏总RNA中获得免疫球蛋白（immunoglobulin, Ig）轻链可变区cDNA克隆,随机挑取51个阳性克隆菌落进行测序,得到46条完整的不重复序列,用以确定哲罗鱼IgL的家族种类,为哲罗鱼病毒性疾病的疫苗研制提供理论依据。经过BLUST网络对比,结果显示：其与GenBank报导的虹鳟（序列号为X68517.1和X68519.1）序列的相似性均达90%以上,46条序列的核苷酸相同率分别为最低86.1%(P4与P43)至最高的99.8%(P21与P38)之间不等;经DNAstar 5.0 软件包MegAling中Jotun Hein方法对所得序列进行氨基酸同源性比较,得到两个不同的家族;通过可变性参数计算方法可知哲罗鱼IgL的可变性主要集中在CDRs区,可变性最高的区域为CDR3区;对可变区中CDR3序列进行分析后,得出哲罗鱼Ig轻链可变区的重排方式是Jκ基因片段位于Vκ基因片段的3′端的结论,这种重排方式增加了核苷酸不同的连接方式,使哲罗鱼抗体具有更多的可变性空间;对照其亲水性分布图可知：可变区的亲水性氨基酸主要分布于LP前端,FR1末端,完整的FR2,FR3两端,以及CDR1,CDR2和CDR3前端。  相似文献   

19.
Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) perform large‐scale oceanic migrations between their spawning ground and growth habitats in continental waters during life history. However, between these migrations, they spend most of time in growth habitats such as rivers. To investigate the diel and seasonal activities, homing behaviour and home range of yellow‐phase Japanese eels in the lower reach of the Tone River, we tracked them throughout a year using a fine‐scale positioning system (VPS) based on acoustic telemetry. The tracked eels were generally nocturnal, but not exclusively. They were mainly mobile from spring to autumn, with little or no activity observed during winter. A transport‐release experiment showed that most eels returned to their original capture area within 13 days after release. The eels had very small home ranges (mean ± SD = 0.085 ± 0.068 km2), core areas (0.014 ± 0.014 km2) and linear home ranges (744 ± 268 m). They also tended to be distributed on one particular side of the river (right or left bank) and in one particular shore type (revetment or vegetation), rarely moving from one to the other. This study provides evidence for nocturnal, dormancy, homing behaviours, limited habitat use and small home range size in Japanese eels. The eels clearly showed strong fidelity to a “familiar” site, which contrasts with the long distances travelled during upstream and downstream migration phases in the river, and during spawning migrations in the ocean.  相似文献   

20.
Smallmouth bass in thermally heterogeneous streams may behaviourally thermoregulate during the cold period (i.e., groundwater temperature greater than river water temperature) by inhabiting warm areas in the stream that result from high groundwater influence or springs. Our objectives were to determine movement of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) that use thermal refuge and project differences in growth and consumption among smallmouth bass exhibiting different thermal‐use patterns. We implanted radio transmitters in 29 smallmouth bass captured in Alley Spring on the Jacks Fork River, Missouri, USA, during the winter of 2012. Additionally, temperature archival tags were implanted in a subset of nine fish. Fish were tracked using radio telemetry monthly from January 2012 through January of 2013. The greatest upstream movement was 42.5 km, and the greatest downstream movement was 22.2 km. Most radio tagged fish (69%) departed Alley Spring when daily maximum river water temperature first exceeded that of the spring (14 °C) and during increased river discharge. Bioenergetic modelling predicted that a 350 g migrating smallmouth bass that used cold‐period thermal refuge would grow 16% slower at the same consumption level as a fish that did not seek thermal refuge. Contrary to the bioenergetics models, extrapolation of growth scope results suggested migrating fish grow 29% more than fish using areas of stream with little groundwater influence. Our results contradict previous findings that smallmouth bass are relatively sedentary, provide information about potential cues for migratory behaviour, and give insight to managers regarding use and growth of smallmouth bass in thermally heterogeneous river systems.  相似文献   

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