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1.
研究了越鳠的食物组成、摄食强度和摄食形态学。样本251尾,2008年6月~2009年5月采自云南元江。结果表明：越鳠的食物由水生昆虫幼虫和小型鱼类等15类组成,水生昆虫幼虫和小型鱼类的出现率分别为73.8%和64.2%,所占比重分别为40.0%和46.9%,小型鱼类和水生昆虫幼虫为越鳠的主要食物。随着体长增加,食物类别减少,摄食强度降低;水生昆虫幼虫的出现率降低,成虫出现率增加;体长160 mm以上个体胃中出现陆生昆虫且其出现率持续上升。食物组成的季节变化明显,摄食强度的季节变化不明显。越鳠是一种偏肉食性的杂食性鱼类,主要摄食底层小型鱼类和水生昆虫幼虫。 相似文献
2.
本研究采用胃含物分析法,对2019年1月抚远定置刺网捕获的319尾江鳕(Lota lota)胃含物样品进行分析,捕获江鳕样本体长范围为162～536 mm,研究江鳕的食物组成及其随体长和性别变化特征。研究结果显示：抚远江段江鳕主要以鱼类、甲壳类和水生昆虫为食,属于肉食性鱼类;基于相对重要性指数(IRI)分析,甲壳类是江鳕最重要的食物类群(IRI=8 301.79),其次是鱼类(IRI=7 059.39),水生昆虫最低(IRI=3.56)。江鳕的食物组成未随着体长的增加出现明显的食性转换,但在食物的质量百分比上出现了明显的变化,鱼类的质量百分比逐渐增加,甲壳类逐渐减少。江鳕不同体长组的空胃率差异不显著,平均饱满指数呈现显著性差异;不同性别的空胃率差异不显著,平均饱满指数差异显著。 相似文献
3.
南黄海三种石首鱼类的食性 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：12
根据2000—2002年秋季和冬季在南黄海进行的定点底拖网调查,利用多元统计分析方法,研究了黑鳃梅童(Collichthys niveatus)、皮氏叫姑鱼(Jobnius belengerii)和小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)的食物组成及其差异,摄食随海区、季节和体长的变化,以及3种石首鱼类摄食器官的形态差异对摄食的影响。结果表明：(1)3种鱼的优势饵料生物各不相同,食物组成存在显著差异;(2)3种鱼的食物组成均随海区和季节的不同而有显著的差异;(3)3种鱼的食物组成和饵料多样性都有明显体长变化,黑鳃梅童和皮氏叫姑鱼的饵料多样性随体长的增大而升高,小黄鱼则相反;(4)黑鳃梅童和小黄鱼种内不同体长问的食物重叠指数较高,而皮氏叫姑鱼则较低,3种鱼的种问食物重叠指数位于0．50～0．56;(5)主成分分析(PCA)表明,黑鳃梅童和小黄鱼摄食器官的形态特征与皮氏叫姑鱼存在一定的差异。 相似文献
4.
为了解黑斑狗鱼（Esox reicherti Dybowski）的食性及其随体长和空间的变化，2022年10—11月用网目2～8 cm的流刺网和网目0.9～3.5 cm的定置刺网在黑龙江抚远和呼玛江段采集到138尾黑斑狗鱼，鉴定和测量其体长和体质量及胃含物种类与重量，研究摄食习性及其随体长和空间的变化。结果表明：这些黑斑狗鱼的饵料生物共有27种（包含未鉴定种），分为5个类群：鱼类、两栖类、甲壳类、水生昆虫和其他饵料，其中鱼类为黑斑狗鱼最主要的食物类群，数量在食物中占90.17%,然后依次为两栖类、水生昆虫和甲壳类。食物类群随着黑斑狗鱼的体长增加存在不显著的差异。体长350～450 mm组黑斑狗鱼主要摄食幼鱼；体长450～550 mm之间时开始摄食的饵料鱼个体增大，还摄食两栖类和少量水生昆虫；550～650 mm体长组的黑斑狗鱼则全部以鱼类为食。不同空间的黑斑狗鱼食物组成无明显差异。平均饱满指数和空胃率结果显示，黑斑狗鱼的摄食强度随着其体长的增长显著变化，摄食的高峰期在450～550 mm体长组之间，摄食强度无明显的空间差异。 相似文献
5.
笋壳鱼的学名叫云斑尖塘鳢,目前国内养殖有泰国笋壳鱼和澳洲笋壳鱼两种。笋壳鱼最大个体可达5kg～6kg,是虾虎鱼中较大的淡水名贵种类。笋壳鱼为肉食性鱼类,其食物组成随不同的生长阶段而不同,鱼苗阶段主要以浮游动物及底栖水生昆虫幼体和环节动物为食,成鱼主要以水中的各种小鱼、 相似文献
6.
东海北部近海棘头梅童鱼食物组成的季节变化及随发育的变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据2006年7月～2008年12月采集于东海北部近海的棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)样品,共测定体长在23～157 mm范围内的棘头梅童鱼474 ind,应用卡方检验和聚类分析等方法,对棘头梅童鱼食物组成的季节变化及随个体发育的变化进行了分析。结果显示:东海北部近海棘头梅童鱼的食物种类夏季出现较多,春季出现较少;91～110 mm体长组出现较多,≤50 mm体长组和>130 mm体长组出现较少。食物多样性指数春季较高,秋季较低;≤50 mm体长组较低,>130 mm体长组较高,食物多样性指数随体长的增加而升高。卡方检验显示,棘头梅童鱼主要食物种类宽尾刺糠虾(Acanthomysis latiscauda)、中国毛虾(Aceteschinensis)、七星底灯鱼(Myctophum pterotum)和中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)的出现频率有极显著的季节变化,中华假磷虾(Pseudeuphausia sinica)的出现频率有显著的季节变化;宽尾刺糠虾和七星底灯鱼的出现频率随体长的变化极显著,而中国毛虾、中华假磷虾和中华哲水蚤的出现频率随体长的变化不显著。聚类分析结果表明,棘头梅童鱼春冬季、夏季和秋季三个时期的食物组成差异显著;体长聚类分两组,即体长>70 mm和≤70mm之间食物组成有明显差异。通过分析发现:东海北部近海棘头梅童鱼食物的季节变化与该海域饵料生物的季节变化密切相关;食物组成随发育的变化符合"最佳摄食理论",其饵料生物种类和大小随棘头梅童鱼体长的增加发生了显著的变化。 相似文献
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8.
2022年10月，用网目1～3 cm的定置刺网和网目4.0 mm的地笼在额木尔河流域捕获148尾江鳕（Lota lota），体长107.0～372.0 mm，体质量8.91～372.36 g。取其胃含物进行食性鉴定，采用传统胃含物分析法，通过质量百分比、数量百分比、出现频率和相对重要性指数等指标，分析江鳕的食物组成和摄食强度，及其随体长和空间变化特征，为江鳕的资源保护提供参考。结果表明，额木尔河江鳕主要以鱼类、水生昆虫和甲壳类等食物类群为食。江鳕的食物组成随着体长的增加食性明显转换，鱼类的质量百分比逐渐增加，水生昆虫质量百分比逐渐减少。不同体长的江鳕平均饱满指数和空胃率均未随体长而显著变化（P>0.05）。额木尔河流域江鳕的食物组成在空间分布上未出现明显的食性转换，不同空间的平均饱满指数（P>0.05）和空胃率（P>0.05）差异不显著。 相似文献
9.
为研究滇池银白鱼(Anabarilius alburnops)的食性,于2016—2019年奇数月份在滇池用机拖网试捕采集银白鱼,对其摄食形态、食物组成和季节摄食强度等进行分析和研究。结果显示:银白鱼食谱较广,食物种类包括浮游植物、浮游动物、鱼类、虾类和水生昆虫等,其中丝藻属、龟甲轮属、溞属等出现率较高。结合摄食器官形态特征分析,认为银白鱼是偏动物性杂食性鱼类。摄食强度方面,春季摄食率最低,仅为50%,夏、秋、冬三季摄食率均达80%以上;饱满指数与摄食率呈现相似的季节变化规律。 相似文献
10.
根据2003年12月至2004年6月及2005年9月至12月在印度洋中西部水域调查所获得的数据,利用两因子列联表及单因子方差分析等统计分析方法,对印度洋中西部水域黄鳍金枪鱼的食物组成及其随月份和体长的变化、摄食强度及食物组成的生态位宽度进行了初步研究.结果表明,印度洋中西部水域黄鳍金枪鱼食物组成包括帆蜥、鲣、鳞鲍、沙丁鱼、鲐鱼、虾、蟹、鱿鱼、章鱼、竹笑鱼及未辨认甲壳类等饵料类群,其中主要食物为鱿鱼、鲐鱼以及蟹.大部分月份黄鳍金枪鱼摄食率相对较高,基本上维持在70%以上;除2月和6月外,其余月份黄鳍金枪鱼饵料种类数更替率均低于50%.各叉长组黄鳍金枪鱼摄食率基本维持在70%以上;当叉长在106～155 cm之间,饵料种类数更替率低于40%.黄鳍金枪鱼摄食强度各月差异显著,但各叉长组摄食强度并不存在显著性差异.各月饱满指数存在显著性差异.黄鳍金枪鱼的食物组成随月份和叉长有明显变化.鱿鱼、鲐鱼和蟹基本上为不同叉长组黄鳍金枪鱼所摄食.黄鳍金枪鱼食物组成各月Shannon-Weiner多样性指数H'波动较大,且存在显著性差异;Pielou均匀度指数J'基本上维持在0.80～1.00之间,但各月间存在显著性差异.印度洋中西部水域黄鳍金枪鱼各叉长组食物组成Shannon-Weiner多样性指数H'变化较大,但在106～145 cm期间相对保持稳定,而Pielou均匀度指数J'波动较大.印度洋中西部黄鳍金枪鱼食物组成各月和各叉长组均存在显著性差异. 相似文献
11.
The food habits of 67 fish species collected from the mangrove estuary of the Urauchi River, Iriomote Island, southern Japan
were investigated using gut content analysis. Ontogenetic changes in food preference were recognized in nine species, including
mugilids, gerreids, mullids, gobiids and tetraodontids. In most cases, juveniles of these species fed mostly on small crustaceans
(e.g. calanoid and cyclopoid copepods and gammaridean amphipods) or detritus. With their subsequent growth, larger prey items
(e.g. crabs and polychaetes) became dominant. A cluster analysis based on dietary overlaps showed that the mangrove fish assemblage
comprised eight trophic groups (zooplankton, small benthic crustacean, large benthic crustacean, polychaete, fish, detritus,
plant and insect feeders). Of these, large and small benthic crustacean feeders, which consumed mainly crabs and gammaridean
amphipods, respectively, were the most abundantly represented in terms of species, whereas polychaete and insect feeders were
each represented by only two species. 相似文献
12.
Larval and juvenile smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu Lacepède; 8.5–85.0 mm total length (TL)) were collected from 2 sites in the New River, West Virginia, in the late spring and early summer to document diet shifts during early ontogeny. The first foods of smallmouth bass (TL = 9 mm) were primarily Chironomidae and microcrustaceans (primarily Copepoda). Other aquatic insects, primarily Ephemeroptera, became more abundant in the stomachs as TL increased. A shift in the proportions and types of prey consumed began at approximately 15 mm TL and was primarily attributed to fin development and increased mouth size. Foraging success, measured by number of prey per stomach, stomach fullness, and average prey volume was lower for first-feeding smallmouth bass than for later life stages. Mouth width appeared to restrict the size of prey consumed by larval smallmouth bass, but the maximum prey width never approached the mouth width for fish longer than 35 mm TL. 相似文献
13.
The dry-season diet of freshwater fishes in monsoonal tropical rivers of Cape York Peninsula, Australia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Abstract – Fish assemblages in three rivers of eastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Australia, were sampled during the early part of the monsoonal dry season, and the diet of 23 species was quantified. Spatial variation (between-river) in diet was, in general, not pronounced. Sufficient specimens were collected to enable examination of ontogenetic changes in the diet of four species. Interspecific and ontogenetic variation in diet were most strongly related to differences in body size and mouth gape, with larger species or age classes feeding on fish and large aquatic invertebrates. Other gradients upon which dietary differences were arranged included gradients in detritivory and reliance on terrestrial invertebrates. Significant trophic separation was evident in the fauna despite aquatic invertebrates being the most important food item in most species. Seven, and possibly eight, trophic groups were recognized. Notable features of the trophic organization were the prevalence of omnivory and piscivory and relatively small representation by detritivores. Planktivores were essentially absent. Much of the observed trophic structure within the fishes of Cape York Peninsula could be ascribed to the effects of phylogenetic determinants of body size, morphology and foraging mode. The trophic structure within rivers of eastern Cape York Peninsula is compared to other aquatic systems in tropical northern Australia. Note 相似文献
14.
Abstract – The Murchison River hardyhead ( Craterocephalus cuneiceps ) is endemic to the extremely arid Indian Ocean (Pilbara) Drainage Division of Western Australia, where it is found in the Greenough, Hutt, Murchison, Wooramel, Gascoyne and DeGrey rivers, but is absent from numerous rivers within its range. The most likely explanation for the disjunct contemporary distribution is that C. cuneiceps has simply never inhabited the rivers from which it is conspicuously absent (e.g. Ashburton and Fortescue). Biogeographical, geological and palaeoclimatic evidence is presented to support this hypothesis. In the Murchison River, breeding was extremely protracted with recruitment occurring throughout the year. The largest female and male specimens captured were 96 mm total length (TL; 7.73 g) and 86 mm TL (5.57 g), respectively. Sex ratio was 1.09 females:1 male. Batch fecundity ranged from 46 to 454 (mean 167.5 ± 25.7 SE). Estimates for the length at which 50 and 95% of females first spawned were 36.4 and 44.3 mm TL, respectively. Craterocephalus cuneiceps is essentially a detritivore, but also feeds on aquatic invertebrates. Rainfall in the Murchison River catchment is unpredictable and pH, salinity and temperature are variable. A specialised diet, small size and young age at maturity and protracted spawning period, coupled with serial spawning and high fecundity, allows the numerical dominance of this species in competitive, harsh, arid and unpredictable desert environments. 相似文献
15.
几种植物浆养殖卤虫的饵料效果 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
以各种植物浆为饵料培养卤虫,培养效果差异显著,陆生植物优于水生植物.其中以黄豆叶浆养殖的卤虫成活和生长最佳,第16天时平均存活率(69.6%)和体长(6.436±0.956mm)与螺旋藻粉组相似(分别为66.0%、6.461±1.181mm)而优于酵母组(分别为29.8%、5.216±1.030mm).以黄豆叶浆养殖的卤虫的粗蛋白及氨基酸含量略低于酵母和螺旋藻粉喂养的卤虫,在高密度卤虫养殖中可替代部分螺旋藻粉,降低卤虫养殖的饵料成本. 相似文献
16.
ABSTRACT: To clarify the feeding habits of tidal mudflat fishes, the gut contents of 29 fish species, collected from unvegetated tidal mudflats in Tokyo Bay, central Honshu, Japan, were examined. Ontogenetic changes in food preference were recognized in 21 species, including several of commercial importance (e.g. Acanthogobius flavimanus , Konosirus punctatus , Mugil cephalus cephalus , Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis , and Sardinella zunasi ). In general, larvae and/or juveniles of these species fed mainly on small zooplankton or benthic harpacticoid copepods, later switching to other prey items with growth (e.g. gammaridean amphipods, mysids, polychaetes, detritus, bivalves, and juvenile fishes). A cluster analysis based on dietary overlaps showed that the tidal mudflat fish assemblage comprised six feeding guilds (small benthic and epiphytic crustacean, zooplankton, detritus, mollusc, polychaete, and fish feeders). Of these, small benthic and epiphytic crustacean feeders were the most abundantly represented in the number of species. 相似文献
17.
Food resources and cyprinid diet in permanent and temporary Mediterranean rivers with natural and regulated flow 
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下载免费PDF全文 Carlos M. Alexandre Sabrina Sales Maria Teresa Ferreira Pedro R. Almeida 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2015,24(4):629-645
This study addresses the differences in food availability, diet and feeding activity of the Iberian barbel, between permanent and temporary nonregulated rivers, and the effect of flow regulation on feeding parameters. A total of 267 adult barbels were seasonally collected in four nonregulated and regulated rivers from permanent and temporary basins, and their gut content was analysed. Locally available food sources were evaluated across sites and seasons. Barbels from the permanent nonregulated river exhibit a more variable and diversified diet in which invertebrates assumed a large importance, especially during high flows. Barbels from the temporary nonregulated river presented a more uniform diet composed of plant material and detritus, particularly in drought seasons. Flow regulation affected different flow components in both systems, but the effects on food resources and barbels' diet were similar, resulting in an intra‐annual stabilisation of resource availability and fish diet, with a higher consumption of plants and detritus. Changes in fish diet and feeding activity in both nonregulated and regulated rivers were strongly associated with the seasonal variability of streamflow components, particularly between low‐ and high‐flow periods, and with the reduction in flow variability in the case of dam regulation. Results from this study can be used to improve guidelines for flow requirement implementation. 相似文献
18.
石首鱼科鱼类小黄鱼（）是吕泗渔场重要的经济鱼种,为了解两者营养价值、摄食习性及食性转变,测定2018年秋季在吕泗渔场采集的46尾小黄鱼和36尾棘头梅童鱼脂肪酸组成,基于脂肪酸标记法进行食性分析。结果显示,小黄鱼和棘头梅童鱼PUFA/SFA比值、n-3/n-6比值在常见水产鱼类中较高,小黄鱼n-3/n-6比值与体长呈显著正相关（<0.01）。小黄鱼体长<70 mm时植物食性贡献较高（P<0.05）,体长≥100 mm时植物食性显著减少（<0.05）,小黄鱼（2.6~5.9）和棘头梅童鱼（2.6~3.3） DHA/EPA部分重合。研究表明,小黄鱼和棘头梅童鱼营养价值较高,大个体小黄鱼鱼油营养价值更高,小个体棘头梅童鱼则更有利于心血管健康。两者营养级部分重合,食性相似,都是随着体长增加植物食性减少,肉食食性增加且食性转变时的体长相近,因此,两者可能存在一定的食物竞争和生态位重合。 相似文献