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1.
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of Zhiqi Fungal Substance on their performance, immunity , and meat quality in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Macrobrachium rosenbergii were allotted into four groups randomly. The control group were fed with basal diet, the others were the treated groups fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.25% ,0.5% ,1% Zhiqi Fungal Substance for 35 days, respectively. The results showed Zhiqi Fungal Substance can imporve the production of shrimpand and the survival rate. Zhiqi Fungal Substance increased the LSZ and SOD level（P 〈 0. 05） compared to control. Addition of 0.5% and 1% Zhiqi Fungal Substance increased the AKP and the ACP level（P 〈 0. 05）. It is indicated that dietary Zhiqi Fungal Substance can improve the flavor of cultured shrimp.  相似文献   

2.
《齐鲁渔业》2013,(4):I0001-I0001
Effects of Adding Bacillus sp. Z5 in Diet on Growth, Immune Parameters and Anti-disease Ability of Litopenaeus vannamei
Abstract The el-tects ot addlngBaclllus sp Z5 in shrimp pellet with the amounts of 108CFU/g on growth, immune parameters and anti-disease ability of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were studied. The result shows that the shrimps grew faster in Bacillus treatment group and the yield was 24% more than that in the control. After 21 days, the activity of Phenoloxidase in Bacillus group significantly increased. After 42 days,  相似文献   

3.
鱼类粘膜免疫研究进展   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  
罗晓春 《水产学报》2005,29(3):411-416
Fish immunology has achieved great progress in recent years. While before 1990s, most researches focused on the fish systematic immunity, and the mucosal immunity of fish had not been given enough attention. Indeed, it has been shown that fish mucosal immunity plays an important role in disease defense. Fish mucosal immunity research has made some exciting progress in this decade. This review will focus on such progress: Constitution of mucosal-associated tissues and distribution of different immune cells, including T/B lymphocytes, granules, monocytes, macrophages, goblet cells, etc, in these sites have been well described with the development of some monoclonal antibody to these cells and associated techniques. Non-specific immune response mechanism of mucosal tissues reported these years, such as secretion of non-specific anti-bacteria and anti-fungi substances in mucus, the respiratory burst, enzyme activity of immune cells and so on, is believed important for fish disease defense. The specific immunity of mucosal tissues also attracts much interest and makes great achievement in antigen presenting, MHC genes, antibody producing and antibody secreting cells, comparison of serum and mucus immunoglobulin, relationships of immune response between different mucosal immune tissues. Whether mucosal immune system is independent of systematic immune system is another interesting question and causes great concern. In recent years, some evidences from phyletic evolution and ontogenesis show that mucosal immunity is prior to systematic immunity in evolution. Dynamics of antibody producing of mucosal tissues and serum in immersion or oral vaccines immunized fish also shows immune response can be elicited in mucosal tissues independent of systematic immune system. Some researchers also begin to pay attention to factors involved in mucosal immune regulations, for instance, neuromodulators and cytokines. The level of these factors changes in fish immune response process but the mechanisms of regulation still remain unknown. Prospect of the promising future of fish mucosal immunity has also been discussed in this review.  相似文献   

4.
Enhancement release has been proven effective in natural resources recovery of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis in the last several decades in China, however, to assess the effectiveness of enhancement release, we still need to develop a high-efficient and easy-operational method to replace those physical-tagging release method with labor intensive, size-and number-limited. In the present study, single(with maternal known) parentage identification using eight simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers genotype fingerprint was used to trace Chinese shrimp released in Bohai Bay in 2013. A total of 884 shrimp spawners were collected from two hatcheries in Tianjin City respectively after enhancement release of shrimp larvae in May 2013. A total of 844 shrimp samples were recaptured around the release location approximately 4 months after the shrimp larvae were released into the natural sea. Genotype data of 8 SSR loci of the 1,726 samples were used for maternal-offspring parentage identification using CEervus 3.0 software. The allele number in each locus ranged from 8 to 68 with an average value of 33.25, which produced the cumulative exclusion probability with one parent known of all these sight loci up to 99%. Among the 844 recaptured shrimp samples, 448(♂:♀=212:232, gender information was lost for 4 samples) were successfully traced to their 337 maternal parents using a logarithm of odds(LOD) 3.0 threshold. Among these 337 maternal parents, 253 had a single offspring, 62 had two offspring, 18 had three offspring, 3 had four offspring, and 1 had five offspring. For the first time, a large number of released shrimp were identified from recapture samples, and this study showed that it is possible to trace all released Chinese shrimp without using any type of physical tag in enhancement release activities. This not only means more precise recapture ratio assessment than ever expected, but also this method demonstrates an effective method for large-scale hatchery release as well as for organisms used in hatchery enhancement which are not suitable for physical tagging.  相似文献   

5.
线纹尖塘鳢的形态生物学与核型   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
陈永乐 《水产学报》2006,30(4):562-565
This paper reports the morphological character and karyotype of Oxyeleotris lineolatus. Oxyeleotris lineolatus is native in Australia and call ed sleepy cod. It belongs to Oxyeleotris, Eleotridae, Gobioidei, Perciformes in taxonomy. Recently, it was introduced to China and local people were not familiar with it. So we carried out this study. 30 individuals have been observed and some data were recorded. It has a large mouth that is in front and up. The mandible stands out and is longer than the up jaw. There are many rows of thin teeth in up and down jaws. The pelvie fins are located in chest and pectoral fins are large and fanlike. There are two dorsal fins. The tail fin is circular. Gill rakers are sparse and the number of gill rakers is 8-12+3-4. The gas bladder belongs to physoclistaus and its stomach is strong and I-like. The intestine is thick and short and no pyloric caecas. The length of the digestive path is 48.1％-80.3% of the length of body. Its liver has two lobes and the liver weight is 4.1%-7.2% of the body weight. The digestive organs characters are same as the trait of flesheater fish. Its scale belongs to ctenoid scale and its body surface shows several long lines. There is not lateral line in the body. The number of vertebra is 26-27 and it has 10-11 pairs rib. The number of diploid chromosome is 2n=46 and the karyotype formula is 2sm+8st+36t，NF=48. The relative length of chromosome is from 1.37% to 3.48% and it is continuity. No strange size chromosomes relation to sex was observed. The karyotype of Oxyeleotris lineolatus is similar to that of Oxyeletris marmoratus Bleeker from South East Asia and both of them belong to Oxyeleotri. It testifies the correctness of traditional classification on cytology.  相似文献   

6.
鱼粉在水产饲料中的应用研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
杨勇 《水产学报》2004,28(5):573-578
As a main protein source in aquafeeds, fish meal has been extensively studied. Fish sources, freshness, processing temperature, lipid quality and microbiological index are five main aspects of the evaluation of fish meal quality. This paper reviewed the researches on fish meal including the evaluation of fish meal quality, the use of fishmeal and the environmental problems. Biogenic amine is the main potential toxin in decomposed fish meal including mainly histamine, cadaverine, putrescine and tyramine and most studies showed that they could affect the fish growth performance and health. The determination of protein digestibility of fish meal includes pepsin-digestion method, animal test, capillary electrophoresis, etc. The content of phosphorus in fish meal and its utilization can introduce pollution to water bodies and the use of alternative protein and improvement of utilization of fish meal can help to reduce the pollution from fish meal.  相似文献   

7.
《齐鲁渔业》2014,(11):I0001-I0001
Added bagasse and Bacillus sp. to Litopenaeus vannamei intensive culture tank, the treatment groups were treatment A（added Bacillus sp.）, treatment B（added Bacillus sp. with crushing bagasse） and treatment C（added Bacillus sp. with crushing-steaming bagasse） respectively. To estimate the effect of addition of bagasse with Bacillus sp. on the culture environment and shrimp growth, the level of total ammonia nitrogen（TAN）, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, total amount of bacteria in the water and shrimp growth were determined. The result suggested that the TAN concentration in treatment B and C were significantly lower than that in treatment A during the early stage of the culture（P〈0.05）. The addition of bagasse with Bacillus sp. was contribute to the formation of bio-floccules. The concentration of bio-floccules in treatment B and Cwere 6.3-20 ml/L and 8.3-30 ml/L respectively, which were significantly higher than that in treatment A（2.7-8.3 ml/L） during the culture（P〈0.05）.The average weight of shrimp in treatment B and C were 8.56±0.21g and 8.84±0.26g respectively, which were significantly bigger than that in treatment A（7.66±0.40g） when harvest（P〈0.05）.  相似文献   

8.
基于模糊AHP的长寿湖生态系统健康评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Ecosystem health assessment is a focus and hot spots field of ecological research, there is no unified evaluation indicators and evaluation methods. First, according to the area physical, human features of the Changshou lake and existed research, We established ecosystem health evaluation system which has included three secondary indexes ： the ecological characteristics indicators, the function indicators and the socio - economic indicators, and has 20 indicators. Second, we assess the Changshou lake ecosystem with the ecosystem health index which based on the fuzzy AHP. The conclusions are as follows： in 2006, the Changshou lake ecosystem health index was 0. 471, it is showed that the ecosystem is in sub health, the mainly reasons is its upper reaches of the Di- anjiang county, Liangping county long - term discharge of industrial sewage and pollution of fencing fish.  相似文献   

9.
Enhancement release has been proven effective in natural resources recovery of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis in the last several decades in China,however,to assess the effectiveness of enhancement release,we still need to develop a high-efficient and easy-operational method to replace those physical-tagging release method with labor intensive,size-and number-limited.In the present study,single(with maternal known)parentage identification using eight simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers genotype fingerprint was used to trace Chinese shrimp released in Bohai Bay in2013.A total of 884 shrimp spawners were collected from two hatcheries in Tianjin City respectively after enhancement release of shrimp larvae in May 2013.A total of 844 shrimp samples were recaptured around the release location approximately 4 months after the shrimp larvae were released into the natural sea.Genotype data of 8 SSR loci of the 1,726 samples were used for maternal-offspring parentage identification using CEervus 3.0 software.The allele number in each locus ranged from 8 to 68 with an average value of 33.25,which produced the cumulative exclusion probability with one parent known of all these sight loci up to 99%.Among the 844 recaptured shrimp samples,448(♂:♀=212:232,gender information was lost for 4 samples)were successfully traced to their 337 maternal parents using a logarithm of odds(LOD)3.0 threshold.Among these 337 maternal parents,253 had a single offspring,62 had two offspring,18 had three offspring,3 had four offspring,and 1 had five offspring.For the first time,a large number of released shrimp were identified from recapture samples,and this study showed that it is possible to trace all released Chinese shrimp without using any type of physical tag in enhancement release activities.This not only means more precise recapture ratio assessment than ever expected,but also this method demonstrates an effective method for large-scale hatchery release as well as for organisms used in hatchery enhancement which are not suitable for physical tagging.  相似文献   

10.
水产养殖动物基因组研究的现状及其应用前景   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
孙效文 《水产学报》2004,28(6):716-722
The genomic resources from human and several model organisms have been increased very fast since 1990. The techniques for developing genomic resources have already been very advanced and smart. These could make scientists see and improve organism in genomic level. For Chinese aquaculture scientists and aquatic industry, developing genomic resources and genetic tools for the native species are most important in the genomic era. The genomic resources and genetic tools for several aquatic species have been developed and some of them have been used in the marker based selection and other researches. The genome research work on aquaculture species was reviewed in this paper, especially a USDA genome project was focused. Some functional genomic research for aquatic animal was also discussed here. The importance and necessity of China aquaculture species genome project were discussed. Common carp and other cultured fishes in Cyprinidae such as grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp etc were recommended as the candidate species for genome research, because the output of all carps is almost up to 1/3 of total fisheries output in China. Common carp with another virtue for genome research is that there are much more families and strains in common carp than those in other cultured species in China, and those families and strains are the basis for genome research and mapping quantitative trait loci associated with important economic trait. Although the first linkage map of common carp made by Sun needs to be added with more markers for mapping QTL and Type I markers ,it has laid the groundwork for QTL mapping and markerassisted selection in common carp. Because the model organism zebrafish and common carp, grass carp and other carps cultured in China all belong to Cyprinidae, the China carp genome research will obtain a lot of useful information from zebrafish genome research. How the China carp genome program will be conducted and what kinds of strategy involved in this program were all suggested. How the results of the genome research of aquaculture species will be used in the aquaculture industry was reviewed and analyzed here.  相似文献   

11.
The white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, fed immunostimulant‐free, 0.2%β‐glucan and 0.06% glycyrrhizin diets for 18 days, respectively, were challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus at 6.4 × 104 CFU shrimp?1. The total haemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory burst (RB) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity changes for a 120‐h period were investigated, and shrimp mortality was also recorded. The results showed that PO activity, RB and SOD activity were significantly higher in shrimp fed the two immunostimulant diets after 18 days than those in shrimp fed immunostimulant‐free diets. The THC and SOD activity decreased significantly from 0 to 24 h post challenge, and then reverted to normal levels at 96 and 72 h respectively. The values for PO activity and RB increased from 0 to 48 h post challenge. Compared with those fed the control diets, shrimp fed immunostimulants had significantly higher PO activity and RB values at 120 h post challenge. Mortalities after challenge with V. alginolyticus were significantly lower in shrimp fed with β‐glucan or glycyrrhizin than in those fed with a diet without immunostimulants. It was concluded that dietary β‐glucan and glycyrrhizin increased the shrimp immunity. Furthermore, β‐glucan caused an increase in some immune parameters 12 h earlier than glycyrrhizin after V. alginolyticus challenge.  相似文献   

12.

Owing to the growing need for eco-friendly aquaculture, usage of herbal feed supplement receives higher attention. A commercial shrimp feed supplement known as Ban-V is a unique blend of polyherbal extracts that act synergistically with each other to help in improving the immune system, protects hepatopancreas and activates several metabolic pathways for better growth and disease resistance. For that, four supplemental concentrations such as 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 % of Ban-V were used along with commercial shrimp feed, and feed with no supplement (control) were evaluated for 60 days. Results revealed that 2.0% of Ban-V diet fed group showed significantly increased biological performance like (average body weight, average daily growth, feed conversion ratio and survival rate) than control. The tested immunological parameters such as total haemocyte count, oxyhaemocyanin level, phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory burst activity (RB), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme activity, plasma protein content (PPC) and bactericidal activity were higher in 2.0% test diet fed P. vannamei, when compared to other test and control diet fed shrimp. It is therefore suggested that Ban-V supplementation at a concentration of 2.0% was efficient in stimulating the growth and immunity in shrimp.

  相似文献   

13.
White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei held in 25‰ seawater at 27 °C or 28 °C were injected with TSB-grown Vibrio alginolyticus at 1 × 104 colony-forming units (cfu) shrimp− 1 or 1 × 105 cfu shrimp− 1, and then cultivated onward at water temperatures varying from 20 to 34 °C. Over 24–144 h, mortality of V. alginolyticus-injected shrimp held at 34 °C or 32 °C was significantly higher than that of shrimp held at lower temperatures. In a separate experiment, shrimp held in 25‰ seawater at 28 °C and then cultured onward at 20 to 32 °C were examined for immune parameters at 24–96 h. THC, phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst, and SOD activity decreased significantly at 24 h after transfer to 32 °C. Shrimp held in 25‰ seawater at 27 °C and then cultured onward at 20 to 34 °C showed a significant reduction in phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency for V. alginolyticus at 24 h after transfer to 34 °C. It was concluded that transfer of shrimp from 27 or 28 °C to higher temperatures (32 and 34 °C) reduced their immune capability and decreased resistance to V. alginolyticus infection.  相似文献   

14.
The growth response, total hemocyte count (THC), respiratory burst (release of superoxide anion), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and resistance to the pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus were measured in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) which had been fed diets supplemented with soybean isoflavones (SI) at 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg kg?1 feed for 8 weeks. Dietary SI had no significant influence on survival rate of the shrimp. Significantly greater SGR was observed in treatments with 10, 20 and 40 mg kg?1 SI supplement than that in control (P < 0.05). Shrimp fed a diet with 20 mg kg?1 SI showed significant increase in THC, PO activity, respiratory burst activity, SOD activity as well as NOS activity (P < 0.05). Increased THC, respiratory burst activity, SOD activity and NOS activity were also noticed in shrimp fed SI at 10 or 40 mg kg?1 (P < 0.05). Significant lower cumulative mortality after challenge was observed in shrimp fed diets with SI supplement (10.0–13.3%) than that in control group (36.7%) (P < 0.05). It is therefore concluded that oral administration of SI at 20 mg kg?1 for 8 weeks could enhance the immune ability of shrimp and improve production in shrimp farming.  相似文献   

15.
不同类群九孔鲍免疫防御机能的比较   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
陈政强 《水产学报》2004,28(2):189-194
对不同类群的九孔鲍细胞与体液免疫机能进行比较,结果表明,不同类群的九孔鲍免疫机能具有显著的差异性,复壮鲍(养殖10个月,个体大小为51.8～59.2mm)细胞与体液免疫机能都明显高于退化鲍(养殖20个月,个体大小为37.4～43.1mm)(P<0.01),与野生九孔鲍(个体大小为67.7～76.7mm)相比,复壮鲍细胞免疫机能略高于野生鲍,体液免疫机能则明显低于野生鲍。九孔鲍血细胞在吞噬活动中具有呼吸爆发产生活性氧的功能与特点,活性氧的产生与九孔鲍自身生理、环境温度以及异物数量等因素有显著的相关性(P<0.01)。环境温度由25℃下降至18℃,九孔鲍的细胞与体液免疫机能都有明显的下降。退化鲍在25℃和18℃条件下血淋巴液的抗菌活力水平差异性不明显。酚氧化酶存在于九孔鲍血淋巴液中,但其活性水平不高,在各类九孔鲍之间的差异性也不明显,不能确认为九孔鲍的主要体液免疫因子。  相似文献   

16.
An analysis of the immune activity of herbal extract in vivo and in vitro assays was performed to explore the feasibility of using primary shrimp hemocyte culture to screen herbal immunostimulants. In vitro experiment was conducted by adding herbal extract into the medium of primary cultured hemocytes and incubating for 24h. In vivo experiment was carried out by feeding shrimp with diets incorporated with herbal extract for 21 days. Challenge test can be used to directly reflect comprehensive immune capacity of organisms. Four immune indexes, total hemocyte counts (THC and lysozyme, phenoloxidase (PO), and phagocytic activity were examined both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that effects of herbal extract on THC or lysozyme activity were different between in vitro and in vivo. On the contrary, effects of herbal extract on PO activity and phagocytic activity in vitro and in vivo showed a strong correlation. Herbal extract, which enhanced PO activity and phagocytic activity in vitro, had ultimate immune-promoting function in vivo. Therefore, it was feasible to use primary hemocyte culture to screen herbal immunostimulants by determining the effects of herbal immunostimulants on PO and phagocytic activities.  相似文献   

17.
15℃下将体质量(85.51±16.18)g的日本蟳暴露于对照及低质量浓度(2.0、4.0mg/L)、中质量浓度(6.0mg/L)和高质量浓度(8.0、10.0mg/L)的亚硝态氮中,于胁迫的第1、3、5、10、15d取血,测定其免疫的相关指标,以研究亚硝态氮质量浓度对日本蟳免疫功能的影响。试验结果表明,在亚硝态氮胁迫下,所测指标均呈"先升后降"的趋势。在胁迫第1d,各试验组的血细胞密度、血蓝蛋白含量及溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活力均大于对照组,而高质量浓度组的酚氧化酶活力低于对照组。随着亚硝态氮胁迫时间的延长,低质量浓度组血细胞密度和溶菌酶活力上升较快,而高质量浓度组酚氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活力上升较快。低质量浓度组的血细胞密度和过氧化氢酶活力升高幅度较大,高质量浓度组的血蓝蛋白含量及酚氧化酶、溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶活力升高幅度较大。胁迫第10d,各试验组溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活力显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。胁迫第15d,低质量浓度组血细胞密度、2.0mg/L组的血蓝蛋白含量、低质量浓度组和中质量浓度组的酚氧化酶活力略大于对照组,其他各指标所测结果均低于对照组。各试验组溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶胁迫后活力与亚硝态氮胁迫质量浓度呈负相关,10.0mg/L组的3种酶活力分别比对照组降低95.41%、36.84%和77.78%。  相似文献   

18.
Growth, immunological and physiological parameters of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared at different salinity levels (1, 10, 15, 25 and 35 g/L) at stocking density of 214 shrimp/m3 were examined at 1, 30 and 63 days. Results showed that the total haemocyte count (THC) of shrimp decreased with time at all salinity levels, indicating a potential reduction in the resistance of shrimp against pathogens, since a low value of THC indicates a perturbation of the immune system. Glucose and protein values observed in the haemolymph throughout the study indicate that shrimp adapted well to low salinities (1, 10 and 15 g/L). Although of those shrimp reared at 10 g/L only 83.3% survived, at this salinity, shrimp depicted a higher glucose concentration in haemolymph at the beginning and end of the study.  相似文献   

19.
The effect of promoted biota on the production parameters, water quality, nutritional and immunological condition of Litopenaeus vannamei was assessed in semi‐intensive ponds. Earthen ponds were used as experimental units: three with formulated + natural promoted feed + shrimp (T1), three with formulated feed + shrimp (T2), and three with promoted natural feed without shrimp (Control). The dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were optimal for all treatments (≥6 mg L?1) as well as the pH (8.4–8.6). Total ammonia nitrogen was greater in T2 (0.10 mg L?1) than T1 (0.07 mg L?1) and the Control (0.06 mg L?1). Phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos were more abundant in T1 and the Control. The promotion of natural feed had a positive effect on all the production parameters of shrimp with an increase of 19.0%, 3.5% and 23.9% in weight gain, survival, and final biomass, respectively; also it was observed a decrease of 13.9% in feed conversion ratio. No differences in haemolymph parameters were observed for nutritional indicators (glucose, cholesterol, proteins, and triglycerides) nor for immunological response (phenoloxidase and prophenoloxidase). The results indicate that the promotion of biotic communities enhances the production parameters of farmed shrimp, without affecting the nutritional and immunological status. Also the water quality was improved by the presence of biota.  相似文献   

20.
免疫增强剂-肽聚糖在对虾养殖中的应用   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11  
概述肽聚糖的来源、结构组成，以及肽聚糖被利用后对提高生物多种免疫因子活力，增强抗病力所表现出的生物活性。分析了对虾免疫系统在防御病原入侵过程中，免疫细胞与体液免疫因子的功能特点，从对病原的防御，消除及损伤修复等方面阐明肽聚糖提高对虾非特异性免疫力的作用机理。  相似文献   

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