首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
为探究饲料中不同浮萍添加水平对大正三色锦鲤酪氨酸酶TYR以及黑素皮质素受体MC1R基因表达的影响,配制浮萍添加水平分别为0%、3%、6%、9%、13%、14%6种等蛋白(38.6%)饲料饲养大正三色锦鲤(42.19±1.32)g 8周,分别记为Diet 1(0/13)、Diet 2(3/10)、Diet 3(6/7)、Diet 4(9/4)、Diet 5(13/1)、Diet 6(14/0)。每种饲料设3个重复,每个重复饲喂10尾鱼。试验结果表明:(1)TYR基因在大正三色锦鲤的心脏、肝脏、眼睛、黑色皮肤、脑中均有表达,并且在脑、皮肤、眼睛中表达量相对较高;(2)各组织中TYR mRNA表达量随浮萍添加水平的升高均有一定波动,在皮肤与眼睛中,以Diet 6(14/0)组显著高于其他各组(P0.05),在脑中,以Diet 3(6/7)组显著高于除Diet 6的其他各组(P0.05);(3)皮肤与眼睛中MC1R mRNA表达量以Diet 6(14/0)组显著高于其他各组(P0.05),而在脑中各组差异均不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲料不同浮萍添加水平促进大正三色锦鲤TYR以及MC1R基因表达,有利于鱼体黑色素沉积,因此选择Diet 6(14/0)组饲料投喂大正三色锦鲤最适。  相似文献   

2.
本研究探讨了饲料中不同维生素E添加量对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)幼鱼生长和免疫的影响。在以鱼粉、豆粕为蛋白源的基础饲料中分别添加0mg/kg(对照组)、25mg/kg、75mg/kg、125mg/kg和175mg/kg的维生素E配成5种实验饲料。在水温(24.0±3.0)℃下,用上述实验饲料分别饲喂平均体质量约为5.1g的黄颡鱼幼鱼50d。实验结果表明,饲料中维生素E的添加量对黄颡鱼的特定生长率和饲料效率的影响不显著(P0.05);而添加量为175mg/kg时,黄颡鱼摄食率显著降低(P0.05);随着饲料中维生素E添加量的增高,黄颡鱼血浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性未产生显著变化(P0.05);添加量为125mg/kg和175mg/kg时,血浆中丙二醛(MDA)的含量显著降低(P0.05);白细胞吞噬指数随添加量升高显著上升(P0.05),而吞噬百分率没有显著变化(P0.05)。综合以上结果,饲料中添加适量的维生素E可适当改善黄颡鱼的摄食,增强黄颡鱼的非特异性免疫力和抗氧化能力,从而提高动物的健康状况。推荐在黄颡鱼幼鱼饲料中添加125mg/kg的维生素E。  相似文献   

3.
开展了饲料中小球藻添加量对杂交黄颡鱼“黄优1号”生长性能和抗氧化能力影响试验。共设置5组,分别为1个对照组(G0)和4个处理组(G1—G4)。其小球藻的添加量分别为0.00%(G0),2.50%(G1),5.00%(G2),7.50%(G3)和10.00%(G4)。于养殖的第28和56天,测定杂交黄颡鱼“黄优1号”鱼体生长指标和抗氧化能力指标。结果表明,随着饲料中小球藻含量的增加,杂交黄颡鱼“黄优1号”的体质量增加率和特定体质量增加率呈上升趋势,并显著高于对照组(P<0.05),饵料系数呈下降趋势,肝体指数较对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。抗氧化能力方面,饲料中添加小球藻可以显著提高杂交黄颡鱼“黄优1号”肝脏和血清中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性,能降低鱼体内丙二醛含量。指出,饲料中添加小球藻不仅可以促进杂交黄颡鱼“黄优1号”的生长,并提高其抗氧化能力。  相似文献   

4.
以平均体重45.25 g的1冬龄黄颡鱼为试验对象,在饲料中分别添加0.4%的加丽素红、0.5%的金黄素、0.5%的金菊黄、6%的玉米蛋白粉作为色素源,以不含色素源的饲料为对照,在室内循环养殖系统中养殖56 d,观察各试验组黄颡鱼的体色,分别测定其背部和腹部皮肤、血清中的酪氨酸酶活力、总类胡萝卜素和叶黄素含量。结果为金菊黄组黄颡鱼血清酪氨酸酶活力显著提高,而其他各试验组之间无显著性的差异;对照组黄颡鱼总类胡萝卜素含量在背部皮肤下降11.2%、腹部皮肤下降57.5%,叶黄素含量变化与此类似;玉米蛋白粉组类胡萝卜素含量在腹部皮肤降低了38.5%、背部皮肤无显著性变化,背部和腹部皮肤中叶黄素含量有一定程度的增加;加丽素红组黄颡鱼总类胡萝卜素含量在腹部皮肤中降低了45%、背部皮肤无显著性变化,背部和腹部皮肤中叶黄素含量显著降低;金黄素组鱼体背部、腹部皮肤中总类胡萝卜素的含量分别升高了1.8倍和1.5倍,金菊黄组鱼体背部和腹部皮肤中总类胡萝卜素的含量分别升高了1倍和0.49倍;叶黄素含量也显著增加。试验结果表明,黄颡鱼能够选择性地沉积来源于饲料色素物质,饲料色素对黄颡鱼体色具有较大的影响。  相似文献   

5.
利用自制触球及迷宫法评估了百里香酚、香芹酚、丁香酚和肉桂醛4种香精对(4.45±0.58)g黄颡鱼(Pelteobargrus fulridraco)幼鱼的诱食剂量效应反应,试验结果表明:百里香酚、香芹酚和肉桂醛都对黄颡鱼有明显的诱食作用,其最适诱食浓度分别为(0.025~0.05)、0.025、0.007 g/m L;百里香酚诱食效果最佳(P0.05),但浓度过高,也会出现诱食抑制;而丁香酚对黄颡鱼幼鱼均无明显的诱食作用(P0.05)。随后在基础饲料中分别添加75、150、250、500和1000 mg/kg的百里香酚饲喂黄颡鱼幼鱼,8周的养殖结果表明黄颡鱼增重率(Y)与饲料中百里香酚添加量(X)之间可用二次方程式表示Y=-0.000 7 X2+0.796 3 X+107.08(R2=0.777 2),当黄颡鱼获得最大增重时,饲料中百里香酚的添加量为568.8 mg/kg。  相似文献   

6.
在饲料中分别添加0、0.33%、0.67%、1.33%和2.67%的二苯乙烯苷(THSG)制成5种等氮等能试验饲料饲喂(15±0.5)g斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)42 d,研究THSG对其生长和体色的影响。结果表明。饲料中添加THSG对斑点叉尾鮰增重率和存活率均无显著影响,仅在添加量为2.67%时,试验组的饵料系数显著高于对照组(P<0.05);然而,随着添加量的增加,鮰皮肤和血液酪氨酸酶活力、皮肤黑色素含量和黑色素分布量均有提高,其中0.33%和0.67%组皮肤中酪氨酸酶活力分别为10.4 U和10.7 U,显著高于对照组的7.86 U;黑色素分布量分别为8.16%和9.38%,显著高于对照组的5.01%(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

7.
在基础饲料中添加0.5%、1.0%、2.0%的复方中草药制剂,连续投喂60d后,通过测定供试黄颡鱼的生长性能、血细胞的吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活性,比较了复合中草药制剂对黄颡鱼促生长及非特异性免疫功能的影响。结果显示:饲料中添加0.5%的复方中草药制剂对黄颡鱼的生长影响显著(P0.05),添加1.0%和2.0%的中草药制剂对黄颡鱼的血细胞的吞噬活性、溶菌酶活力影响极显著(P0.01)。试验组可显著提高黄颡鱼生长、血细胞的吞噬活性、溶菌酶活力。  相似文献   

8.
在水温19.1～23.2℃下,将平均湿体质量为(19.9±3.5)g的黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco以2kg/m~3(D1)、3kg/m~3(D2)、4kg/m~3(D3)和5kg/m~3(D4)kg/m~3的密度饲养在水库中长2.0m×宽2.0m×高2.0m的网箱中,投喂基础饲料;再按D2组的密度饲养上述规格黄颡鱼幼鱼,分别投喂基础饲料(CK组,对照组)和添加10mg/kg(G1)、30mg/kg(G2)、60mg/kg(G3)和(G4)100mg/kg饲料抗菌肽(水溶)的饲料,研究养殖密度和饲料中添加抗菌肽对黄颡鱼生长性能和体成分的影响。抗菌肽(水溶)用海藻酸钠(剂量250mL,0.5%)包埋,自然风干。70d的养殖结果表明:黄颡鱼末体质量、末体长、特定生长率(SGR)和肥满度(K)随养殖密度增高而下降,饲料系数则上升;D1组黄颡鱼幼鱼末体长、末体质量、日增重率(DBW)、K、存活率(SR)显著高于D3和D4组(P0.05),但D1和D2组的鱼体K、饲料系数(FC)无显著差异(P0.05)。饲料中添加10～30mg/kg抗菌肽可以显著提高黄颡鱼的DBW以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,当添加量为30mg/kg时,SGR最高;当添加量为100mg/kg时,肝脏的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与血清中溶菌酶(LSZ)活性较对照组显著降低(P0.05)。实验证明,黄颡鱼网箱养殖适宜放养密度为3～4kg/m~3,饲料中抗菌肽添加量不超过60mg/kg能促进鱼的生长。添加抗菌肽10mg/kg组鱼的CAT活性最高,显著高于60mg/kg、90mg/kg以及对照组(P0.05);当添加量为30～60mg/kg时,DBW、SGR、K出现差异显著(P0.05),60mg/kg时DBW、SGR和K达到最高,高于其余各组,饲料系数FC下降。  相似文献   

9.
为了解β-1,3-葡聚糖添加到配合饲料中对江黄颡鱼生长性能、血清生化指标、机能、体成分等重要指标产生的影响,选用初始体重为(1.75±0.01)g的江黄颡鱼720尾,随机分为6组,每组4个重复。1组投喂基础饲料,5组投喂分别添加200、400、600、800和1 000mg/kgβ-1,3-葡聚糖的试验饲料,进行42d的养殖试验。由试验结果显示,各组江黄颡鱼之间的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料系数(FC)、成活率(SR)、肥满度(CF)和肝体比(HSI)差异不显著(P0.05)。其中,与对照组相比,添加β-葡聚糖的组实验前后体重、增重率和特定生长率都有一定程度的增高,在G600达到最高,饲料系数与对照组相比有所下降。饲料中添加β-1,3-葡聚糖对各组江黄颡鱼血清总蛋白、尿素胆固醇、甘油三酯、谷丙转氨酶活性和谷草转氨酶活性没有显著性影响(P0.05)。其中,与对照组相比,添加组的血清总蛋白含量有所升高(P0.05),β-葡聚糖添加组血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性有所降低(P0.05)。结果表明,饲料中添加一定水平β-1,3-葡聚糖对江黄颡鱼的生长性能和血清生化指标均没有显著影响。造成该结果的原因和机制有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

10.
研究了天然叶黄素(源自万寿菊,含量为4.64％)的添加水平对黄颡鱼生长和皮肤着色效果的影响.在黄颡鱼基础饲料中,分别添加0％、0.15％、0.30％、0.60％、8.00％的受试物,在不影响饲料营养水平的基础上设计最高剂量组为可能摄入剂量组的10倍以上,经挤压熟化工艺加工后,实际检测叶黄素含量为未检出(检出限=0.5 mg/kg)、24.2、54.2、118.0、1 700.0mg/kg,依次命名为C、L24.2、L54.2、L118、L1700.饲养90 d后发现,添加天然叶黄素的4个剂量组的特定生长率和饲料效率、L24.2组的蛋白沉积率、L54.2组和L118组及L1700组的能量沉积率均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).体侧和腹部皮肤的黄度(b*)和饱和度(C*)随饲料中天然叶黄素含量的增加而逐步升高,L118组可达到饱和,并与L1700组之间没有显著差异(P＞0.05),L118组和最高剂量组皮肤中黄色素过度沉积,并向肌肉中转移.皮肤中叶黄素的蓄积系数呈现先升高后下降的趋势,最高为76.25 mg/kg饲料.结果表明,24.2～1700mg/kg的天然叶黄素显著提高了初始体质量21 9的黄颡鱼的生长性能.天然叶黄素作为黄颡鱼皮肤着色剂的最适剂量为76.25 mg/kg饲料.  相似文献   

11.
Two parallel experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of fish meal by two different animal protein sources, blood meal (B) and haemoglobin meal (H) at 0, 50 and 100 g kg−1 of level inclusion in diets for gilthead sea bream, considering a long feeding period for juveniles (Trial 1) and a short feeding period (Trial 2) for on-growing fish. In Trial 1, 33 g juveniles were fed for 242 days and the fish fed with 5% and 10% of haemoglobin dietary inclusion obtained less growth, although feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and muscle composition were similar in all diets. In Trial 2, 179 g initial weight fish were fed for 164 days and growth of fish fed H10 showed the lowest growth, although nutrient efficiency and muscle composition were not affected significantly. The results of these experiments demonstrated that blood meal can substitute fish meal (up to 10%) with no effect on performance, but may lead to sensory differences compared with fish fed diet 0, while the inclusion of 5% blood meal had no effect on growth or sensory characteristics. Fish fed 10% haemoglobin inclusion had the poorest growth values.  相似文献   

12.
River crab (RC) meal (Procambarus clarkii) and marine crab (MC) meal (Chaceon affinis) were tested as a partial replacement for fish meal in diets for red porgy (Pagrus pagrus), and their effects on growth performance, fish proximate composition and skin colouration were evaluated. Red porgy were fed during 165 days with five diets. High‐quality fish meal diet was used as a control diet (CD). Protein of fish meal in the control was replaced by increasing the dietary levels of protein derived from RC and MC by up to 10% and 20% of each of them (RC10, RC20, MC10 and MC20). Fish fed on MC20 showed the highest values in feed intake, weight gain and growth (%). No differences were found in FCR and protein efficiency ratio among the treatments. Inclusion of both crab meals in diets significantly decreased the lipid content in whole fish compared with the control animals. On the other hand, no differences in muscle composition were found between the diets. Feeding both crab meals resulted in colour improvement compared with that of the control fish, with better hue values for the RC meal group than those for the MC meal group. The crab meals tested in the present study are suitable as a partial replacement for fish meal in diets for the red porgy, with the MC meal improving growth and both crabs meals improving skin colour, with further improvements in skin colour produced in fish‐fed diets containing the RC meal.  相似文献   

13.
A 61‐day experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary oxidized fish oil on growth performance and skin colour of Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris Günther). Seven diets (Diet 1–7) containing different levels of oxidized fish oil (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 g kg?1 dry diet) were evaluated at same dietary lipid level (60 g kg?1 diet). Fish skin colour (CIE L*a*b*) and melanin content was measured at three zones of fish body: back (Zone I), belly (Zone II) and tail (Zone III). The results showed that there were no significant differences in growth or feed utilization. Apparent digestibility coefficient of energy (ADCe) decreased while those of dry matter (ADCd), protein (ADCp) or lipid (ADCl) were not affected. Lightness (L*) of Zone I or II were not influenced while L* of Zone III decreased. Oxidized oil increased melanin content of Zone III. No apparent effects on the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values of blood serum, liver and muscle were observed. In conclusion, dietary oil oxidation did not affect fish growth performance. Fish tail skin lightness was lower in the fish fed with high dietary oxidized fish oil and was positively correlated to melanin content.  相似文献   

14.
A fish feeding trial was conducted in a warm‐water recirculating system for 8 weeks to assess the nutritive value of processed mucuna seeds as a dietary protein replacement for fish meal in practical diets of tilapia. Diets 2–6 contained mucuna seeds processed as follows: raw, soaked in water, soaked in sodium bicarbonate solution (0.07%), soaked in ascorbic acid solution (0.1%) or soaked in water containing 3% of freeze‐dried moringa leaf powder, followed by autoclaving. The mucuna seed meals were then used to replace 25% of the total dietary protein in each diet. The performance of fish fed these diets was compared with fish fed a fish meal‐based control diet (diet 1), which contained 35% protein. All diets were prepared to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. Each treatment had three replicates, using seven fish per aquarium, with a mean initial body weight of 3.9 ± 0.06 g. Fish were fed five times about their maintenance level (3.0 g feed × body weight (kg)?0.8 day?1), and no mortality was observed during the experiment. The growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein productive value of fish fed diets 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were similar. However, with regard to energy retention and apparent net lipid utilization, the values observed in fish fed diet 1 were similar to those of fish fed diets 5 and 6, and diet 6, and significantly higher than other dietary groups. Fish fed diet 2 showed a significantly (P < 0.05) reduced growth performance, higher carcass moisture and ash contents, and lower levels of lipid and energy compared with all other dietary groups. Fish fed diet 2 had a significantly lower plasma cholesterol level compared with other diets. However, no significant variation of muscle cholesterol was found between the dietary groups. Even though the hepato‐somatic index of the fish fed diets 3, 4, 5 and 6 was significantly lower than diet 1, these values appeared to be significantly higher compared with fish fed diet 2. The present study indicates that the inclusion of mucuna seed meal (replacement of 25% of total dietary protein of feed) after soaking in any one of the tested solutions followed by autoclaving significantly improved the growth performance and feed utilization of tilapia compared with that of the raw seeds. Moreover, these values were similar to the performance obtained with the fish meal‐based control diet 1. This might be due to the relative reduction of anti‐nutrients, particularly the non‐protein amino acid 3, 4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine, and increased palatability and nutrient availability of processed beans.  相似文献   

15.
This study presents data on the effect of carotenoid sources on skin coloration of red porgy (Pagrus pagrus). Three experiments were conducted: in the first, fish were fed an astaxanthin (Naturose®)‐supplemented diet, while the second fish received diets supplemented with β‐carotene (Rovimix β‐caroten®) or lycopene (Lyc‐O‐Mato®): Carotenoids were added to the level of 100 ppm in each diet, while a non‐carotenoid‐supplemented diet served as a control. In the third experiment, the effect of dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio on melanin content in the skin was investigated. For this experimentation, four diets were formulated to contain 50/23, 40/32, 30/48 and 20/59 protein/carbohydrate ratio. Naturose® astaxanthin increased total carotenoid content in the dorsal skin area while β‐carotene and lycopene seem to have had no significant effect. Naturose® was the only carotenoid source that had a significant effect on skin hue, promoting a reddish coloration to the dorsal skin area and a ventral hue similar to wild red porgy. No apparent effect of carotenoid source on skin melanin content was observed. In contrast, dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio affected melanin content in the skin. The fish fed the 50/23 diet showed significantly higher values. Farmed red porgy had eight times higher dorsal‐skin melanin content than wild ones.  相似文献   

16.
The use of solar-dried duckweed, Spirodela polyrrhiza L. Schleiden, as a dietary protein component for tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., reared in glass tanks was evaluated. Six isonitrogenous diets (30% crude protein) were fed to all-male tilapia fingerlings for 56 days. The fish meal protein in the diets was substituted at a rate of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 100% with duckweed. A diet without the duckweed served as a control. Growth performance and nutrient utilization of fish were based on daily weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in growth performance and nutrient utilization of fish fed on diets containing up to 20% duckweed inclusion and the control. However, increases in dietary duckweed inclusion resulted in progressively reduced growth performance and nutrient utilization of fish. Diet without fish meal (100% duckweed) gave the poorest result. The most cost-effective diet in terms of cost per unit gain in weight of fish was obtained with 30% duckweed dietary inclusion. The result showed that solar-dried up to 30% duckweed dietary inclusion as a replacement for fishmeal in practical diets supported fish growth and was cost-effective.  相似文献   

17.
The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein to carbohydrate ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco . Nine diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (30%, 36% and 42%), each with three carbohydrate levels (24%, 30% and 36%). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial mean body weight: 8.24±0.20 g) in indoor flow – through fibreglass tanks. The experiment continued for 8 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate were similar for the fish fed the 36% and 42% protein diets but higher than that fed the 30% protein diet. At the 36% protein level, carbohydrate contents varying from 24% to 36% ( P / E ratio of 24.0–28.2 mg protein kJ−1) had no significant effects on growth performance and feed utilization ( P >0.05). Protein efficiency ratio tended to increase with dietary carbohydrate level at the same protein level. Dietary treatments significantly influenced body composition ( P <0.05), but not the condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio ( P >0.05). Based on these observations, 36% protein and 24–36% carbohydrate with the P / E ratio of 24.0–28.2 mg protein kJ−1 seemed suitable for optimal growth and feed utilization, and carbohydrate could cause protein-sparing effect in diets for juvenile yellow catfish.  相似文献   

18.
A feeding trial on yellow tail cichlid Pseudotropheus acei (Regan 1922) was undertaken to asses the effect of dietary Spirulina meal as a natural carotenoid source. Four experimental diets were formulated to progressively replace 0% (C), 2.5% (SP2.5), 5% (SP5) and 10% (SP10) of fish meal weight. Ten fish per tank (initial weight 3.75?±?0.02?g) were randomly distributed into twelve 80?l fiberglass tanks connected to a closed recirculation system (temperature 26.7?±?0.06°C). The diets were tested in triplicate for 12?weeks. The specific growth rate of fish fed all Spirulina diets were significantly higher compared to diet C. Feed intake (FI) tended to increase with dietary Spirulina level, and fish fed diet SP10 had significantly higher FI values compared to diet C. No significant differences in feed conversion ratio were observed among these groups. Although the protein efficiency ratio of fish fed diet C was lower than that of all Spirulina diets, no significant differences were observed among these groups (P?>?0.05). The total egg production and hatching rate (%) of eggs derived from all fish fed with Spirulina diets was significantly higher compared those from fish fed diet C. The yellow and blue coloration of yellow tail cichlid fed the diet containing Spirulina meal was enhanced and inclusion of dietary Spirulina meal was elevated carotenoids in skin. Results of the present study indicated that Spirulina meal has the potential to enhance the growth, reproductive performance and coloration on yellow tail cichlid.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号