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1.
海水网箱养殖水域异养细胞和弧菌的数量动态 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
１９９６年４月１９９７年５月对浙江化、象山海水网箱养殖水域采用ＭＰＮ法进行异养细胞和弧菌数量的检测。结果表明,细菌数量的变化受外界环境的影响较为明显,７－９月份细菌数量明显高于其它月份,网箱内菌数高于网箱外菌数。 相似文献
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2001年5~7月,在深圳东海岸水产公司南澳半封闭式斑节对虾Penaeus monodom精养基地,进行了有益微生物的应用对虾塘总异养细菌和弧菌数量影响的调查研究。结果表明,对虾养成过程中,施用有益微生物的实验组虾塘水体中总异养细菌和弧菌数量明显较未施用的对照组虾塘低,但各虾塘水体中总异养细菌和弧菌数量的变化特征基本相同,即在养殖前期,虾塘水体中总异养细菌和弧菌数量均较稳定,并处于相对较低的水平;而在养殖中、后期,总异养细菌和弧菌数量均急剧升高,尤以对照组虾塘的升幅最大,其弧菌数量甚至超过100×102CFU.mL-1的对虾发病之弧菌数量临界值。实验组与对照组虾塘中表层沉积物中,总异养细菌和弧菌数量差异不大,总异养细菌和弧菌数量变化特征也基本相同,但实验组与对照组之间有所差异,其中实验组表现为双峰型的变化特征,峰值出现在养殖前期或中期和养殖将结束时;对照组则呈单峰型变化,峰值均出现在养殖中期。有益微生物的应用对虾塘水体中总异养细菌和弧菌数量的抑制效果较对沉积环境中的效果明显。 相似文献
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为探讨紫菜和网箱两类海水养殖活动对沉积物异养细菌生态分布的影响,于2006年1月和2006年10月对象山港紫菜养殖区、网箱养殖区沉积物细菌数量和群落结构进行了研究,并与周边非养殖海域对照点进行了比较。结果显示,沉积物异养细菌数量呈现10月份>1月份,网箱养殖区>网箱对照区>紫菜养殖区和紫菜对照区的分布特点,各区异养细菌数量平均值依次为(9.6×104±2.0×105)、(1.5×104±2.4×104)、(4.3×103±1.6×103)和(4.7×103±3.0×103)cfu/g。紫菜养殖区分离细菌109株,归属于17个属,其中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、棒状杆菌属(Coryneforms)为优势菌属;紫菜对照区分离细菌95株,归属于18个属,其中芽孢杆菌属、棒状杆菌属为优势菌群;网箱养殖区分离细菌136株,归属于11个属,其中假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、弧菌属(Vibrio)、芽孢杆菌属、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)为优势菌群;网箱对照区分离细菌110株,归属于11个属,芽孢杆菌属、棒状杆菌属、假单胞菌属、不动杆菌属、弧菌属为优势菌属。紫菜区和紫菜对照区沉积物检出菌属大多为海洋沉积物中的常见菌属,细菌群落多样性较网箱区和网箱对照区高,而网箱区沉积物长期受到高有机质等外界条件的选择作用,系统中细菌群落多样性下降,菌属组成与污浊海域相似,并且这种影响可能已波及至周边海域。可见,两类养殖区沉积物细菌分布特征存在明显差异,细菌数量和菌属组成与养殖自身污染密切相关。 相似文献
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2006-2009年,在长海县大长山岛和广鹿岛两个虾夷扇贝浮筏养殖海区采集4个批次沉积物样品,检测重金属、有机质、硫化物、石油等8项化学指标,分析沉积物中的弧菌数量和异养细菌群落结构,评价筏养海区表层沉积物质量,在此基础上,探讨虾夷扇贝筏养海区表层沉积物与虾夷扇贝大规模死亡的相关性。结果表明:筏养海区沉积物中的重金属(Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg、As)各项指标低于《海洋沉积物质量》(GB 18668-2002)中一类海洋沉积物评价标准,时空分布无显著规律;4个批次调查中,远岸水域石油含量均低于近岸,个别站位石油含量超出《海洋沉积物质量》(GB 18668-2002)中一类海洋沉积物标准;有机质和硫化物指标低于海洋沉积物一类标准,且远岸水域有机质含量显著低于筏养海域(P0.05),2006年各站位有机质含量显著高于2007年至2009年(P0.05)。2006年筏养海区的异养细菌数量和弧菌数量显著高于2007至2009年(P0.05),且近岸水域异养细菌数量和弧菌数量显著高于远岸水域(P0.05),四个批次表层沉积物细菌群落多样性指数均较低,2006年筏养海区的细菌群落生物多样性高于2007至2009年。大规模筏养虾夷扇贝对海区沉积物表层环境造成了显著压力,沉积物环境中相对单一的细菌群落结构、高丰度弧菌存在与虾夷扇贝大规模死亡可能具有一定的联系。 相似文献
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在广东省珠海市斗门一个大小为0.3hm2的空白虾池内,设立10个大小为5×5×1.6m(l×b×d)的陆基池塘围隔,对凡纳滨对虾低盐度调控养殖环境微生物进行实验研究,结果低盐度围隔调控养殖系统,水体异养细菌平均为1.33~9.27×104cfu.ml-1,致病性弧菌平均为2.83~7.91×102cfu.ml-1,养殖水体致病性弧菌的数量比异养细菌平均低2个数量级。各围隔水体异养菌在养殖早期都有一个高峰期,中后期低而稳定;围隔异养细菌的数量并未因定期施菌而增高,反而呈下降的趋势。对虾养殖健康的围隔,中后期水体致病性弧菌保持较低的数量,而对虾发病的围隔,致病性弧菌数量高。围隔调控养殖系统,异养细菌的数量相对比较稳定,而致病性弧菌数量呈较大波动。 相似文献
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本研究通过对斑节对虾养殖系统中的异养细菌、浮游微藻进行为期3个月的监测，发现浮游微藻和异养细菌的总量都表现为养殖后期高于养殖前期，其中浮游微藻增加了2个数量级，异养细菌增加了1个数量级，施放有益芽孢杆菌群对池塘菌群和藻群的变动有明显的影响。施放有益芽孢杆菌群的池塘，异养细菌总数略低，弧菌数量维持在10^3 CFU／mL以下，浮游微藻平稳增长，蓝藻占20％以下；对照池异养细菌的总数略高，弧菌数量达到10^3 CFU／mL，浮游微藻数量波动，养殖后期蓝藻占60％，为绝对优势种群。表明有益芽孢杆菌群有促进浮游微藻平稳繁殖的作用，但对浮游蓝藻和弧菌的繁殖起抑制作用，浮游蓝藻与弧菌之间具有一定的繁殖相关性。 相似文献
9.
文章根据2004年3月对大亚湾6个站位表层水异养细菌的调查资料,分析研究了大亚湾表层水中异养细菌的数量分布和种类组成.结果表明,大亚湾表层水中异养细菌数量变化范围为7.15×102 ～91.0×102 cfu ·mL-1,异养细菌数量从湾顶到湾口依次减少;表层水中异养细菌的优势种有19种,利用Biolog微生物鉴定系统对优势菌进行鉴定,它们均为革兰氏阴性菌,隶属于10属14种;大亚湾表层水中异养细菌的种类组成以气单胞菌(Aeromonas sp.)、弧菌属(Vibrio sp.)和伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia sp.)为优势属,舒氏气单胞菌[A.schubertii(DNA group 12)]、最小弧菌(V.mimicus)和荚壳伯克霍尔德氏菌(B.glumae)为优势种. 相似文献
10.
沙埕镇是渔业重镇,90年代初进行小规模海水网箱养鱼试养,当时养殖品种单一,主要为白鮸鱼。近年来发展迅速,1998年网箱数已近12000个,养殖品种增加主要有:大黄鱼、美国红鱼、石斑鱼、黄姑鱼、鲈鱼、海鳗、白鮸鱼、鲷类等。由于网箱数量不断增加,水域养殖密度增大,鱼病的发生与蔓延也相应加重。1996—1998年鱼病发生更加频繁,死亡率高,给养殖户造成了极大经济损失,严重地挫伤了渔民养殖积极性。为此,我们于1997—1998年对沙埕港网箱养殖常见鱼病进行调查和跟踪防治研究,现将结果报告于下。 相似文献
11.
A major concern in larvae production is a mass mortality caused by fish diseases. In larvae production, pumped‐up natural seawater filtered through a sand filter system is used for fish rearing, and microalgae and rotifer cultures. Here, we investigated the community structures of eukaryotic microbes, as well as total bacteria and vibrios, in various processed ‘waters’ used in a larvae production site. We observed that ultraviolet irradiation of seawater was effective to reduce not only total bacteria and vibrios but also eukaryotic microbes. Moreover, the community structures of total bacteria and vibrios in rearing waters for fish larvae were different from those in rotifer cultures fed with Chlorella, but rather similar to those in natural seawater and microalgae cultures. These results suggest that the bacterial community in rearing waters may originate mainly from natural seawater and then be selected by microalgae in rearing water. Overall, this study provides useful information for avoiding the risk of fish disease outbreaks in a larvae production site. 相似文献
12.
福建大连1号杂交鲍肠道及养殖水体中细菌产酶能力的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从大连1号杂交鲍养殖水体及肠道中分离出18株弧菌和32株异养型细菌,对其进行革兰氏染色及产胞外酶能力的分析。结果表明,养殖水体中分离出的14株弧菌和22株异养细菌,共有22株(61.1%)具有分泌脂肪酶、卵磷脂酶、明胶酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶或溶血毒素的能力;鲍肠道分离出的4株弧菌和10株异养细菌,共有9株(64.3%)具有此产酶能力。但总体上,从水体中分离出的菌株的产酶能力要强于从鲍肠道中分离出的菌株,且数量更多,尤其是水体中异养细菌。在所有的50株菌株中,有2株(4%)具有产3种酶(脂肪酶、卵磷脂酶和溶血素)的能力;有9(18%)株具有产2种酶的能力。产酶菌株大部分为革兰氏阴性。本次试验对鲍肠道及养殖水体中菌株产酶能力进行了分析,为大连1号杂交鲍在南方的健康养殖提供科学依据。 相似文献
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大黄鱼感染致病弧菌的检测及其病害的预测预警 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为预防与控制大黄鱼溃疡病的发生,本研究利用特异多重PCR技术,对象山县养殖大黄鱼的3种致病弧菌感染情况进行了流行病学调查。每月在各定点网箱组随机采集大黄鱼肝、肾、脾、肌肉等组织进行感染情况的检测。结果显示,3种致病弧菌对大黄鱼的感染率存在一定的差异性。溶藻弧菌、哈维弧菌对大黄鱼的感染率整体高于副溶血弧菌;从感染组织分析,与肝脏、肾脏相比3种致病弧菌更易感染肌肉、脾脏;3种致病弧菌对不同鱼龄的大黄鱼感染率各不相同。研究还表明,3种致病弧菌在各个采样时间点均有感染,其中7—9月为弧菌感染高峰期,而台风后的感染率较台风前都有一定提高。另外,根据大黄鱼溃疡病发生与3种致病弧菌感染率关系的研究可知,在大黄鱼溃疡病暴发前几天,弧菌的感染率都会显示出较高数值。因此,可以通过3种致病弧菌对大黄鱼感染的分子流行病学调查与分析来预测预警病害的发生和流行。 相似文献
14.
海南西岛九孔鲍养殖水体中细菌胞外产物的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2004年11月,自海南西岛的鲍养殖水体中分离出90株菌株。TCBS和2116E培养基分别分离40株(弧菌)和50株(异养菌)。比较了不同分离方法所得到的2批菌株分泌胞外产物的能力。试验结果表明,鲍苗掉板死亡期间,养殖水体中TCBS培养基分离的菌株能分泌脂肪酶、淀粉酶、磷脂酶和明胶酶的比例总体上高于2116E培养基分离的菌株,2116E培养基分离的菌株中能分泌溶血素的比例要略高于TCBS培养基分离的菌株。总体上,后者具有较强分泌胞外产物的能力。因此,这部分具有较强分泌胞外产物能力的菌株应视为鲍苗的潜在致病菌。此外,在对鲍的细菌性病害研究中,除了具有较强分泌胞外产物的菌株外,养殖环境中的菌群结构也是不可忽视的因素。 相似文献
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The mussel and fish-farming impact was investigated both in pelagic and sediment environments of Mar Piccolo in Taranto. We studied the yearly distribution of microbiological indicators (heterotrophic bacteria and coliforms), in relation to physical and chemical parameters of surface water at three different sites, characterized by mussel farms, fish cages and Citro springs. The heterotrophic bacteria and Clostridium perfrigens distribution were also examined in relation to organic content and granulometry of sediments. The urban sewages affected the quality of waters of the mussel site, by increasing faecal coliforms in the entire basin during summer. In the benthonic environment the aquaculture activity increased the bio-deposition of the sediment, causing changes in the abundance and the composition (heterotrophic bacteria/clostridia ratio) of microflora. A significant increase of heterotrophic bacteria in the warm season was observed. The clostridia proved to be a good indicator of impact of organic matter because they were significantly higher in the sites than the control stations. 相似文献
16.
A L Smith M M A Whitten L Hirschle E C Pope E C Wootton C L Vogan A F Rowley 《Journal of fish diseases》2014,37(8):729-737
Juvenile edible crabs, Cancer pagurus L., were surveyed from Mumbles Head and Oxwich Bay in South Wales, UK, and the number of heterotrophic bacteria and vibrios in the hemolymph was determined. The percentage of crabs with hemolymph containing bacteria was variable over the survey with higher numbers of animals affected in summer than in winter. Post‐moult crabs contained significantly higher numbers of heterotrophic bacteria in the hemolymph than pre‐ and intermoult animals. Crabs with cuticular damage to the gills also had significantly higher numbers of bacteria in the hemolymph. Crabs were found to have a high prevalence of infection by the dinoflagellate, Hematodinium. Such animals had significantly fewer bacteria in the blood in comparison with Hematodinium‐free animals. Of the 463 crabs surveyed, only 3 individuals had hemolymph containing 2000 + CFU mL?1. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, two of these crabs contained a Vibrio pectenicida‐like isolate, while the other had a mixed assemblage of vibrios. Although 59% of the crabs surveyed had culturable bacteria in the hemolymph, the majority only had small numbers (<2000 CFU mL?1), suggesting that such infections may be of limited importance to the sustainability of the crab fishery in this region. 相似文献
17.
Tiziana La Rosa Simone Mirto Antonio Mazzola Teresa Luciana Maugeri 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2004,230(1-4):153-167
We studied the impact of organic loads due to the biodeposition of a fish farm in a non-impacted coastal area of the Tyrrhenian Sea (Western Mediterranean). Sediment chemistry and benthic microbial community were investigated from July 1997 to February 1998 on monthly basis at two stations: one was located under the fish farm, while the second was about 1 km away, and served as a reference site. The presence of the cage induced rapid changes in the benthic conditions: the sediments were rapidly (after 6 weeks) reduced. A significant accumulation of biopolymeric carbon was observed beneath the cage both 2 weeks after the initial cage deployment, on non-impacted sediments, and 5–7 months after, and appeared to be related to the fish farm production cycle. The density of microbial communities beneath the fish farm increased only during the first month of farming activity (July) and partially 7 months after cage disposal (i.e. in January), when there was a significant sediment organic enrichment. Additional evidence of rapid impact of the fish farm on the benthic bacterial communities is provided by the increase in the numbers of autofluorescent microbial cells. The photosynthetic eukaryotic cells displayed a highly reduced contribution to total autofluorescent microbial density, indicating that their decrease is related with biopolymeric carbon accumulation, and probably was due also to “shadow effect” induced by suspended material, coming from the fish farm, on the environment below. We propose here, to apply the ratio of culturable heterotrophic bacteria to microbial direct counts (CFU/MDC) to detect fish farm impact. In cage sediments, organic enrichment and the consequent modification of the characteristics of the benthic environment, determined an increase in aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and vibrio density indicating that they are efficient colonizers of organic-rich sediments. Densities of Escherichia coli and Enterococci were not significantly higher than in the reference site, and are likely of terrestrial origin. Thus they cannot be used as specific indicators of fish farm impact. 相似文献
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池塘养殖刺参腐皮综合征发病环境因素分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
通过对2014年7—8月山东省青岛市红岛邵哥庄(SGZ)和宿流(SL)两个社区的发生刺参腐皮综合征和未发病刺参养殖池的环境因子跟踪监测和对比,解析发病的原因。从发病前至发病后,分别监测了两地多个池塘水体中的4类可培养细菌(总异养菌、弧菌、硝化细菌和硫化细菌)和6项理化参数(温度、p H、盐度、溶解氧、无机氮、COD),以及沉积环境中6类可培养细菌(总异养菌、弧菌、硝化细菌、硝酸盐还原菌、硫化细菌、硫酸盐还原菌)和4项理化参数(pH、氧化还原电位、硫化物、有机碳)。结果表明,刺参发病时,邵哥庄发病池(SGZ-1~#)环境中细菌数量与未发病对照池(SGZ-2~#)无显著差异,但温度高达25.94℃,盐度低至24.47,均超过刺参耐受限度。水体NO_2-N含量为79.56μg/L,沉积物中硫化物含量为221.1 mg/g,均高于对照池;宿流发病池SL-南2弧菌数量(1.85×10~4 CFU/mL)在发病当日明显升高,高于对照池SL-北1和邵哥庄社区的发病池,而发病池的理化指标反而好于对照池。由此推断,邵哥庄社区的刺参发病与池塘理化指标突变有密切关系,而宿流的刺参发病与病原菌数量激增有密切关系。因此,应从理化指标和病害生物两方面对刺参病害进行预警及采取防治措施。 相似文献
19.
Naoyuki Matsunaga Shin-ichi Chisada Hideyuki Fujioka Kana Takashima Nozomu Okino Makoto Ito 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(4):583-590
Vibrios are highly motile, facultatively anaerobic bacteria that are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and part of the normal
intestinal microflora of healthy fish, but some species can cause vibriosis. The adherence of vibrios to host fish intestines
is a significant event not only for their survival and growth, but also in terms of pathogenicity. However, the molecular
mechanism underlying the adhesion of vibrios to the intestinal tract of fish is not fully understood. We report here the identification
of intestinal glycosphingolipid (GSL) receptors to which pathogenic vibrios attach in typical mariculture fish. Thin-layer
chromatography overlay assays using five species of 35S-labeled vibrios and intestinal glycosphingolipids of seven species of mariculture fish revealed that all of the fish tested
possessed GM3 (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1′Cer) and/or GM4 (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-1′Cer) as major acidic intestinal GSLs and that all
of the vibrios tested specifically adhered to GM3 and/or GM4. Our results demonstrate that these GSLs were able to function
as a receptor for the various vibrios tested. Analysis of the relationship between sugar structure and receptor activity for
vibrios revealed that ‘NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-’ is required at the non-reducing end of glycosphingolipids for the bacteria to attach. 相似文献