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1.
对采自西藏纳木卡错并驯养于稀释海水（盐度20）中的西藏拟溞（Daphniopsis tibetana Sars）一般生化组成、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成进行测定,与蒙古裸腹溞（Moina mongolica）、淡水裸腹溞（Moina spp.）、日本虎斑猛水蚤（Tigiopus japonica）、褶皱臂尾轮虫（Brachionus plicatilis）和卤虫（Artemia）进行比较.结果表明,西藏拟溞的氨基酸和组成与上述饵料生物基本相似,18种氨基酸占蛋白质含量的69.68%,其中异亮氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸和组氨酸的含量均明显高于上述饵料生物,蛋氨酸的含量最高,达3.64%,完全能满足鱼虾生长对必需氨基酸的需要.西藏拟溞的主要脂肪酸为C16：0、C16：3、C18：1ω9、C18：2ω6和C18：ω3,不饱和脂肪酸含量高达71.58%,C18：2ω6和C18：3ω3含量分别达到9.97%和26.52%.EPA（C20：5ω3）和AA（C20：4ω6）的含量分别为1.41%和0.63%.从营养成分的角度进行评价,西藏拟溞经一定的营养强化后将成为一种很有前途的海淡水仔稚鱼虾的活饵料.[中国水产科学,2006,13（3）：446-451] 相似文献
2.
Jing Wen Ling Zeng Yan Wang Li Tian Jiancai Lai 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(2):101-111
Proximate composition, amino acid, fatty acid composition, and contaminants (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) of the kisslip cuttlefish Sepia lycidas were determined and compared with the recommendations and maximum allowed levels. The ratio of essential amino acids (EAA) to nonessential amino acids (NEAA) was 0.82. All of the amino acid scores were > 100, except for valine (93), and the highest essential amino acid score was obtained for tryptophan (327). The fatty acids profile was dominated by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; 45.01% of total fatty acids), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 24.54% of total fatty acids) was the dominant fatty acid. S. lycidas was rich in n-3 PUFA, and the ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFA was 2.48. Regarding contaminants, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations in S. lycidas were 2.2, 0.28, and 0.02 mg kg?1, respectively. Moreover, Hg values were below the detection limit (0.01 mg kg?1). 相似文献
3.
测定了细角螺(Hemifusus termatamus)腹足部肌肉的氨基酸含量与脂肪酸组成,并与方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata)、管角螺(Hemifusus tuba)、棘角螺(Hemifusus kawamurai)和鲐鱼(Pneumatophorus japonicus)进行了比较。结果显示,细角螺肌肉中检出17种氨基酸,总含量为肌肉干重的81.03%,高于鲐鱼(79.86%)、方斑东风螺(66.45%)、管角螺(56.94%)和棘角螺(64.42%);肌肉中4种呈味氨基酸(天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸)的含量为38.49%,占氨基酸总量的47.50%;8种必需氨基酸(EAA)总含量为38.49%,占氨基酸总量的46.94%。细角螺肌肉中共检出20种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸的含量为65.25%,不饱和脂肪酸的含量为34.75%,不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸含量的比值为0.53,低于方斑东风螺(1.15)、管角螺(1.13)和棘角螺(0.69),高于鲐鱼(0.37)。结果表明,细角螺肌肉中必需氨基酸与不饱和脂肪酸含量较丰富,具有较高的营养价值,是一种较为理想的食物蛋白与脂肪来源。 相似文献
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5.
中华鳖药膳罐头工艺研究与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以优质甲鱼肉为主料，乌骨鸡肉为配料，大枣、枸杞、莲子、桂圆等名贵药材为辅料，采用先进工艺，进行科学配制制成了甲鱼药膳罐头，罐头检验表明产品商业无菌。对中华鳖肌肉的氨基酸和脂肪酸的分析表明，中华鳖是高蛋白低脂肪的营养品，其肌肉中的氨基酸、脂肪酸种类齐全、比例适当，特别是其中的必需氨基酸的营养性好于鸡蛋，必需脂肪酸中的重要活性物质—EPA、DHA含量高于一般鱼类，并还可作为赖氨酸的强化食品，加之补虚珍品乌骨鸡等的配伍，制成营养全面的中华鳖药膳罐头。 相似文献
6.
Jan Mares Miroslava Palikova Radovan Kopp Stanislav Navratil & Jiri Pikula 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(2):148-156
The present study evaluated the effect of naturally developing cyanobacteria on the composition of muscles of two commercially important freshwater fish species. Fish were exposed to cyanobacterial biomass including Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis ichthyoblabe for 4 weeks. Then, they were transferred to dechlorinated potable water without any cyanobacteria for another 4-week period, thus modelling their preparation for consumers. Samples of muscles were collected every week during exposure and subsequent stay in dechlorinated potable water. The cyanobacterial water bloom of 3.9–6 × 105 cells mL−1 (133–383 μg g−1 of total MC DW) induced statistically significant effects only in the content of fatty acids ( P <0.05; P <0.01) in the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), while all studied parameters including the content of dry matter and fat ( P <0.01), proteins ( P <0.05), fatty acid composition ( P <0.05; P <0.01) and some amino acids ( P <0.05) were affected in the silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ). This study has shown that cyanobacteria in the environment of commercially produced fish may decrease the dietetic value of fish muscles. 相似文献
7.
为了探究2种乌贼肌肉营养成分及品质差异,评价其营养价值,本研究对浙江舟山地区捕获量较大的日本无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)和金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)的常规营养成分、质构特性、蒸煮损失率、甲醛含量、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成及矿物元素进行了分析。结果显示,日本无针乌贼肌肉的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量与金乌贼相比无显著差异(P>0.05),水分含量显著低于金乌贼(P<0.05),粗灰分含量显著高于金乌贼(P<0.05)。金乌贼肌肉的硬度、弹性、胶粘性、咀嚼性和内聚性均显著高于日本无针乌贼(P<0.05)。2种乌贼肌肉的甲醛含量分别为0.56和1.18 mg/kg,均符合国家卫生标准。氨基酸测定结果显示,2种乌贼的肌肉中均检测出17种水解氨基酸,第一限制性氨基酸均为色氨酸;其中,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例均高于31%,金乌贼与FAO/WHO推荐的理想蛋白模式更接近,其必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)高达82.99。脂肪酸测定结果显示,2种乌贼的肌肉中均检测出20种脂肪酸;其中,C20:5n-3 (EPA)和C22:6n-3 (DHA)的总含量均高于40%,且日本无针乌贼显著高于金乌贼(P<0.05)。2种乌贼肌肉富含人体所需的多种无机元素,常量元素中K和P含量最高,微量元素中Zn和I含量最高。研究表明,2种乌贼肌肉的营养成分及品质存在一定的差异,但均属于优质的低脂蛋白,具有较好的开发利用价值。本研究为开发利用东海头足类海洋资源提供了一定的依据和参考。 相似文献
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采用生化手段对皮氏蛾螺肌肉中营养成分进行检测与分析。结果表明:皮氏蛾螺肌肉中水分含量为75.78%,蛋白质含量为15.70%,脂肪含量为0.50%,灰分含量为1.50%。皮氏嫂螺肌肉氨基酸总含量为58.21 g/100 g,共检测出17种氨基酸:半胱氨酸(Cys)含量最高,含量为11.35 g/100 g,其次是精氨酸(Arg)、天冬氨酸(Asp)和甘氨酸(Gly),组氨酸(His)含量最低,含量为0.39 g/100 g。共检测到6种呈味氨基酸,分别为天冬氨酸(Asp)、丝氨酸(Ser)、谷氮酸(Glu)、甘氨酸(Gly)、丙氨酸(Ala)及脯氨酸(Pro)。呈味氨基酸(DAA)总量为23.07 g/100 g。共检测出25种脂肪酸,其中包括9种饱和脂肪酸(SFA),16种不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)。在所有脂肪酸中,二十碳五烯酸EPA(C20:5i3)含量最高,达19.75%;而十五碳一烯酸(C15:1)含量最低,仅0.26%。 相似文献
9.
The biochemical composition of wild and cultured seahorses Hippocampus kuda Bleeker and Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach was analysed in this study. The crude protein contents (% dry weight) of wild seahorses were high: 72.7±2.5% in H. kuda and 78.5±4.2% in H. trimaculatus . The crude lipid contents (% dry weight) of wild and cultured seahorses (1.1±0.1 vs. 1.4±0.2 for H. kuda and 1.2±0.1 vs. 1.2±0.2 for H. trimaculatus ) were low and did not differ significantly ( F 3, 12 =1.461, P =0.12). The essential amino acids and flavour-enhancing amino acids in wild seahorses were higher than those in cultured seahorses, although the essential amino acid index in wild and cultured H. kuda and H. trimaculatus were generally low. The total amino acid content decreased with growth in cultured H. trimaculatus ( F 3, 12 =14.927, P <0.05). The poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents in wild and cultured H. kuda and H. trimaculatus were 21.69%, 37.72%, 21.39% and 33.89% respectively. The fatty acid content in seahorses first decreased and then increased with growth both in wild and in cultured H. trimaculatus . The PUFA/saturated fatty acid ratio was 1.31 in cultured H. kuda and 0.87 in cultured H. trimaculatus . The trace metal concentrations in the wild seahorses were relatively low. The results presented in this study provide biochemical information necessary for understanding the medicinal value of H. kuda and H. trimaculatus and for elucidating the potential dietary requirements for their culture. 相似文献
10.
Interactive effects of salinity and complete fishmeal replacement on growth,food consumption,and gene expression of hepatic IGF‐I,IGF‐II and growth hormone receptors in Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus (L.) 
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下载免费PDF全文 A 12‐week feeding trial was conducted using Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) to evaluate the interactive effects of fishmeal replacement and salinity on growth, feed utilization efficiencies and relative expression of growth related genes. Two iso‐nitrogenous and iso‐energetic diets were prepared (32% protein). The control diet included 15% fishmeal (FM diet) and fishmeal component in non‐fishmeal diet (NFM) was eliminated by a mixture of poultry by‐product meal, high protein distillers dried grains and distillers dried grains with soluble. The NFM diet was supplemented with DL‐methionine and L‐lysine. Duplicated group of fish with initial mean weight of 6 g, reared in four salinity levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 g/L) were fed one of the two diets twice a day to near satiety. At the end of the experiment, growth, feed utilization efficiency and expression of growth related genes were compared. The specific growth rate (SGR), mean feed intake (MFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not affected by the diets while salinity effects were significant. The fish in the 4 g/L salinity showed the highest SGR and MFI while fish in the 0 g/L treatment showed the lowest FCR. Relative expression of hepatic IGF‐I and IGF‐II was regulated by salinity but not by the diet. Expression of growth hormone receptor gene was not affected by either diet or salinity. The present findings provide evidence for the possibility of total fishmeal replacement in saline waters (0–12 g/L) without compromising growth, feed utilization and body composition of Nile tilapia. 相似文献
11.
Differences in the biochemical compositions of two dietary jellyfish species and their effects on the growth and survival of Ibacus novemdentatus phyllosomas 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Phyllosomas (planktonic larvae) of slipper lobsters cling onto and feed on jellyfish under both natural and laboratory conditions. Phyllosomas of Ibacus novemdentatus are capable of feeding on various jellyfish species including venomous stingers; however, the range of jellyfish species capable of supporting the growth and survival of phyllosomas is unknown. Seventeen (12 for the first and five for the second trials) and 18 (13 for the first and five for the second trials) phyllosomas were fed exclusively on the jellyfish Aurelia aurita and Chrysaora pacifica, respectively. Aurelia aurita‐fed phyllosomas metamorphosed into the nisto stage (postbenthic larvae) ～54 days after hatching, whereas C. pacifica‐fed phyllosomas did not. Major nutritional compositions such as amino acids, fatty acids and minerals were compared between the two jellyfish species. The proportion of each major nutritional component was not significantly different between the two jellyfish species, suggesting that C. pacifica was not nutritionally inferior to A. aurita. Therefore, the observation that the C. pacifica‐fed phyllosomas did not metamorphose into the nisto stage was not because of major nutritional compositions but due to other factors such as the lack or excess of other minor nutrients, or the species‐specific texture of the jellyfish. 相似文献
12.
Demet Kocatepe İrfan Keskin Yalçın Kaya 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2019,28(1):117-128
The effects of frying methods and covering processes on the proximate composition, fatty acid profile, amino acid profile, cholesterol, acrylamide, and microbiological content of fried mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis 1819) were investigated in the present study. The group of mussels that were purchased for study was divided into six groups (control – unprocessed mussel meat; Group A – covered mussels fried in deep fat; Group B – mussel fried in low fat; Group C – uncoated mussel meat fried in deep fat; Group D – uncoated mussel fried in low fat; and Group E – mussel served in restaurants). It was determined that the mussel frying methods can affect the nutritional composition and cause changes in the amino acid, fatty acid, and cholesterol content. 相似文献
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The egg morphometry and lipid and protein components were determined in induced spawns (n=14) of the sea bass, Lates calcarifer, to identify measures of egg quality. Based on fertilization and hatching rates, the spawns were classified either in Group I, (zero fertilization) or Group II (where fertilization and hatching occurred). The egg morphometry did not differ between the two groups (p > 0.05). The total lipid was higher in Group II than in Group I, although the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). The EPA and linoleic acid were significantly higher in Group II (p < 0.05). There were positive correlations between the total saturated fatty acids and fertilization rate (p < 0.05; r=0.58), the total saturated fatty acids and percentage of normal zygotes (p < 0.02; r=0.62), and DHA and the percentage of normal zygotes (p < 0.04; r=0.56). The total protein and FAAs were higher in Group I than in Group II, but the differences were not significant (p > 0.05). Proline, glycine, p-ethanolamine, and aspartic acid were significantly higher in Group II (p < 0.05), while tyrosine and glutamic acid were significantly higher in Group I (p < 0.05). Phosphoserine and fertilization rate were positively correlated (p < 0.03; r=0.60), as well as aspartic acid and hatching rate (p < 0.05; r=0.54). Arginine was negatively correlated with fertilization rate (p < 0.03; r=–0.61) and the percentage of normal zygotes (p < 0.03; r=–0.63). Serine was inversely correlated with yolk volume of the newly-hatched larvae (p < 0.03; r=–0.77). The moisture content of the eggs, which was significantly higher in Group II than in Group I (p < 0.03), was directly correlated with the FAAs:protein ratio (p < 0.03; r=0.76). The present results reveal egg components that may be used as quality measures in induced spawns of sea bass, a euryhaline teleost that spawn pelagic eggs containing an oil globule. 相似文献
14.
Lipid and amino acid metabolism during early development of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Lipid classes, fatty acids, free amino acidsand protein content in captive Atlantic halibut(Hippoglossus hippoglossus) eggs weremeasured to investigate the changes in thebiochemical composition of eggs and larvae inboth the embryonic and early larval stages.Total free amino acids decreased continuously(p < 0.01) over the embryonic and larval stagesinvestigated. Triacylglycerol was significantlygreater at hatch than at all other stages(p < 0.05). When hatching occurred, there wasalso a significant increase in all phospholipidclasses. It is suggested that free amino acidsmay be the source of carbon skeletons for lipidsynthesis at hatching. 相似文献
15.
为探究不同水体条件下拟穴青蟹的生长和营养成分差异,本研究测定了黄河三角洲海水（DY）、盐碱水（ZD）及三门海水（SM）的水质离子组成,采用阿廖金分类法进行养殖水体分类;测量形态指标并计算肥满度,利用独立样本t-检验（t-Test）方法比较3种水体中养殖90和140日龄青蟹的生长;测定肝胰腺和肌肉氨基酸及脂肪酸含量,应用主成分分析和聚类分析方法分析各组青蟹氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成。结果显示,ZD组养殖水体碱度显著高于SM组（P<0.05）,与DY组无显著差异（P>0.05）;3个组90日龄青蟹肥满度在0.54~0.89之间,ZD、DY组青蟹肥满度显著高于SM组（P<0.05）,140日龄青蟹肥满度的组间差异不显著（P>0.05）;共测出20种氨基酸和26种脂肪酸,3个组青蟹的肝胰腺和肌肉总氨基酸含量（TAA）分别为3.94~6.87 g/100g和9.73~12.42 g/100g,SM组均为最高;3组青蟹的肝胰腺和肌肉总不饱和脂肪酸含量占总脂肪酸含量（TUFA/TFA）比值分别为59.68~68.80%和70.08~73.79%,其中,ZD组青蟹肝胰腺中C20:5n-3（EPA）含量为各组最高;主成分分析和聚类分析分别显示,ZD组的青蟹的氨基酸与脂肪酸含量与其他组区分较为明显,但差异不显著（P>0.05）,各组青蟹的肌肉、肝胰腺氨基酸和脂肪酸含量的聚类结果均相似。研究发现,与正常海水相比,盐碱水养殖青蟹的生长速度、肥满度及氨基酸和脂肪酸含量差异不大,部分指标占优,为保证养殖青蟹的生长速度和产量,可在盐碱水中适量补充Mg2+和K+。研究结果为盐碱水青蟹养殖和新品种培育提供参考。 相似文献
16.
Sébastien Plante France Béland Nadejda Tchoukanova Jacques Gagnon 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2017,26(3):366-374
There is a current trend in the aquaculture industry to find “eco-friendly” alternatives to fishmeal that will provide fish with all the needed essential nutrients. Our objective was to identify, produce, and chemically characterize nine novel meals composed of underutilized marine fishery by-products from eastern Canada. Snow crab hepatopancreas was found to be a good supplement of monounsaturated fatty acids, iron, copper, and zinc. Herring immature ovaries and shrimp mince could be a partial replacement for fishmeal as revealed by their essential amino acid profile and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Finally, herring testis was very rich in high arginine and taurine. 相似文献
17.
对长江口雌性和雄性成体凤鲚(Coilia mystus)整体的营养成分和品质进行了分析与评价。结果显示,雌、雄凤鲚整体水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分的质量分数分别为78.36%±1.41%、76.70%±1.20%,14.25%±1.05%、15.18%±0.12%,4.61%±1.78%、4.84%±0.27%和2.22%±0.38%、2.97%±0.64%,雌、雄间均不具有显著性差异(P0.05)。雌、雄均含有18种组成蛋白质的氨基酸,总量分别为66.20%±5.78%和65.93%±6.35%(质量分数,干样),其中8种必需氨基酸(EAA)总量分别是25.07%±1.93%和23.95%±2.21%,两者间不具有显著性差异(P0.05),分别占氨基酸总量的37.90%和36.33%,雌、雄凤鲚的必需氨基酸组成比例均符合FAO/WHO的标准。色氨酸是雌、雄凤鲚整体的第一限制性氨基酸,蛋氨酸+胱氨酸是第二限制性氨基酸,雌、雄凤鲚整体的EAAI分别为70.73和66.99,4种鲜味氨基酸总量分别为25.99%±2.53%和26.02%±2.3%(质量分数,干样)。雌性凤鲚的饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量显著低于雄性(P0.05),而多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量则显著高于雄性(P0.05),单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)两者无显著差异(P0.05)。雌性凤鲚脂肪酸中EPA与DHA质量分数分别为5.70%±0.24%和10.15%±1.31%,显著高于雄性凤鲚的1.05%±0.40%和1.06%±0.44%。结果表明,长江口雌、雄成体凤鲚整体的氨基酸较均衡,而雌性凤鲚的脂肪酸营养更为丰富,比雄性凤鲚具有更好的食用价值与保健作用。 相似文献
18.
隆线溞营养成分分析及高温胁迫对抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了分析隆线溞(Daphnia carinata)作为饵料生物的价值和其在不同温度下抗氧化损伤能力的情况,测定了重庆荣昌境内隆线溞的氨基酸和脂肪酸含量;同时研究了温度对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)3种酶活性的影响。结果显示:17种氨基酸含量占干重29.82%,9种必需氨基酸占18.91%,组氨酸含量最高(7.83%),蛋氨酸含量最低,未能检测到色氨酸;主要脂肪酸为C20∶5ω3(EPA)、C16∶0、C16∶1和C18∶1,必需脂肪酸高达38.88%,不饱和脂肪酸高达70.54%,ω-3高不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3 HUFA)高达27.41%,同时含有C20∶4ω6(AA)和C22∶6ω3(DHA)。温度20～35℃对隆线溞抗氧化酶活性影响显著(P<0.05),25℃以上的高温使SOD与CAT酶活显著下降,35℃的高温胁迫导致二者抗氧化能力急剧减弱。 相似文献
19.
Seasonal variation in docosahexaenoic acid content in horse mackerel caught in the East China Sea 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Kazufumi OSAKO Akira YAMAGUCHI Takao KUROKAWA Koichi KUWAHARA Hiroaki SAITO Yukinori NOZAKI 《Fisheries Science》2003,69(3):589-596
ABSTRACT: The fatty acid composition in horse mackerel caught off Nagasaki, off Tsushima Island, and in the middle of the East China Sea was investigated. The ratios of monoenoic and polyenoic acids to the total fatty acids in the Nagasaki and bull trawl catch specimens had a negative correlation. The docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) ratios of total fatty acids in summer-caught specimens were lower than those in winter-caught specimens, and this tendency was significantly clearer in smaller-sized fish, while DHA levels in tissues varied little throughout the year. Consistently high levels of DHA were found in various fishing areas, which suggests that horse mackerel offers a stable source of DHA. 相似文献