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栉孔扇贝在镉污染胁迫下消化盲囊组织的转录组分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
镉(Cd)作为生物非必需、毒性极强的蓄积性重金属,易通过食物链进入人体,严重威胁人类健康。扇贝相对于其他贝类具有特异性蓄积镉的能力,成为水产品安全领域关注的焦点。为了阐释扇贝高蓄积镉的分子机制,本研究以镉胁迫的栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)消化盲囊组织为研究对象,通过转录组测序技术进行基因转录水平分析。通过比较转录组拼接获得105071个unigene和3800个差异基因,对所得unigene进行功能注释,发现这些基因集中在蛋白绑定、细胞黏附、免疫应答、细胞凋亡和能量代谢等方面。对这些蛋白的分子功能进行注释,发现该类蛋白主要属结合蛋白(40.45%)、催化活性蛋白(34.27%)和转运蛋白(5.62%)。这些功能基因和预测通路为理解扇贝体内解毒和免疫系统奠定了基础。获得的转录组数据为深入研究双壳贝类应对海洋污染物的分子机制提供了丰富的基因资源。 相似文献
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性别决定与分化是生命发育的基本事件,性别决定与分化机制一直是生命科学研究的热点问题。贝类具有雌雄同体、雌雄异体、雄性先熟和性转换等复杂的性别类型,是研究无脊椎动物性别决定与分化机制及其演化进程的理想动物类群。挖掘贝类性别决定与分化调控基因,阐明相关基因的调控作用,对于揭示贝类性别决定与分化的分子机制具有重要意义。本文就贝类性别决定与分化相关基因的研究进展进行了综述,并对该研究领域进行展望,以期为贝类的性别决定和分化机制、生殖操作和遗传改良等研究提供参考。 相似文献
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欧洲双壳贝类的安全监控 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
欧洲地区是双壳贝类的主要生产和消费地区,因而对双壳贝类的卫生监控 更严格。我国在80年代曾有贝类产品出口到欧洲,但主要是扇贝的加工产品(生的或煮熟过 的扇贝闭壳肌)。上世纪90年代以来欧盟对我水产品曾"两禁两开",但对我国的双壳贝类 却一直是禁止的。我国双壳贝类在沿海地区有大量养殖,对发展当地渔业经济有重要作用。 但是我国贝类的生产加工流通的落后状况仍较突出,贝类的出口在我国水产品出口中占的比 重也较小,其安全性问题是制约出口的重要因素之一。因而很有必要了解和借鉴欧盟的贝类 安全管理的先进经验,以加强我国水产品的安全监控体系,保护消费者健康,促进我贝类产 品的国内外市场的开拓。 相似文献
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《中国水产》2016,(9):72-74
一、品种概况
(一)培育背景
虾夷扇贝( Patinopecten yessoensis)隶属于软体动物门( Mollusca ) ,瓣鳃纲( Lamellibranchia ) ,翼形亚纲( Pterimorphia ) ,珍珠贝目( Pterioodae ) ,扇贝科(Pectinidae),其闭壳肌肥大,味道鲜美,营养价值高,经济效益好,深受广大消费者和养殖单位欢迎.虾夷扇贝属冷水性贝类,是世界上最重要的养殖经济贝类之一,主要分布在俄罗斯、日本及朝鲜北部海域.自1982年由日本引入我国以来,经过多年发展,现已成为我国北方的主要养殖贝类之一,并为辽宁等主要养殖地区创造出了上百亿元的产值,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益.2014年我国虾夷扇贝养殖面积超过500万亩,产量约20万吨,为单一养殖经济效益最高的扇贝品种. 相似文献
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Dmrt1 是 Dmrt 双性和 mab-3 相关转录因子基因家族的重要成员之一, 在生殖细胞分化和性别调控中发挥着重要作用。为探究其在虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)性别分化中的表达调控模式, 本研究利用生物信息学的方法分析了虾夷扇贝 Dmrt1 的序列特征; 采用半定量 PCR (RT-PCR)检测了 Dmrt1 在不同组织中的表达量差异; 应用实时荧光定量 PCR (qRT-PCR)和原位杂交技术 ISH (in situ hybridization)揭示了 Dmrt1 在性腺发育 4 个时期(增殖期、 生长期、成熟期、排放期)中的时空表达变化。结果显示, 虾夷扇贝 Dmrt1 序列包含 Dmrt 基因家族共有的 DM 结构域; 与已知物种同源序列比对后发现, 虾夷扇贝 Dmrt1 序列与欧洲大扇贝(Pecten maximus)同源性最高; 原位杂交检测到的阳性信号主要定位在生殖细胞的细胞质中; qRT-PCR 定量结果发现, Dmrt1 在精巢生长期和成熟期的表达水平显著高于卵巢, 在卵巢各发育时期中的表达量无明显变化且维持低水平状态。此外, 在外套膜、鳃、肾、和闭壳肌中检测到少量表达的 Dmrt1 转录本, 而在肝胰腺中未检测到。研究结果表明, Dmrt1 在虾夷扇贝生殖细胞分化过程中的表达特征与在其他动物性腺发育中的表达特征基本一致, 推测其是虾夷扇贝性别分化调控中的关键基因。 相似文献
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日本解决虾夷扇贝大规模死亡的启示 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis Jay,1856)是冷水性双壳贝类,在日本自然分布在太平洋侧的东京湾以北,日本海侧的能登半岛以北. 相似文献
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鱼类性别决定机制是脊椎动物中最复杂的。同高等脊椎动物一样,鱼类性别决定的基础依然是遗传基因。鱼类的性别控制对于水产养殖有着十分重要的指导意义。目前用于生产实践的鱼类人工性别控制方法有很多,但大多数仍然处于探索与实验阶段,理论上的作用机理仍未研究透彻。文章旨在通过对鱼类性别决定机制、性别决定相关基因等方面国内外研究进展的阐述,为鱼类性别控制、调控养殖鱼类的经济性状如生长率和个体大小等,提供有益的参考资料。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: The mechanisms by which catch yields of the manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum have decreased drastically in Kumamoto Prefecture, southern Japan, and the larval recruitment by which benthic populations of the clam are maintained were studied. Samples at different growth stages (planktonic larvae, new settlers, and small to large bivalves of the species) were collected from February 1997 to December 1998 on two tidal flats (Kawaguchi and Nameishi, 20 km distance from each other) along the eastern coast of Ariake Sound. Densities of planktonic larvae, new settlers and small bivalves were generally higher at Kawaguchi than Nameishi. The higher density of large bivalves at Kawaguchi depends on a high larval density. Larval retention mechanisms coupled with water movement at Kawaguchi, such as tidal residual currents, may be related intimately with the higher larval density at Kawaguchi. Predation by shore birds at and after recruitment may be related to the lower density of large bivalves recorded at Kawaguchi in 1998, despite larval densities being higher there. 相似文献
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Sophie Girard Catherine Mariojouls 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(5-6):319-333
Abstract Shellfish farming is the most common and the longest established aquaculture activity in France and in the EU15. Unlike for most other aquatic species, the bulk of French supplies of mussels and oysters come from mariculture. France is the leading European producer of oysters and is almost self sufficient in oysters. The sustainable development of shellfish farming is analysed through a “market and consumer‐ oriented‐approach”, covering trading and marketing issues as well as consumer analysis. Comparisons between mussel and oyster markets highlights some key differences in terms of their distribution network, demand attributes, consumer profiles and regions. There are differences in identification of origin and quality labelling approaches. Producer organizations are becoming more involved in such matters but they do not have the same stake in the two sectors. A review of the current quality control schemes applied in marketing both farmed oysters and mussels completes the economic analysis of these French bivalve markets. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: For pearl production, pearl oyster seeds from foreign pearl oysters as well as hybrids between native and such foreign pearl oysters are produced in Japanese hatcheries. However, it is very difficult to identify these pearl oysters and hybrids based on morphological measurements. Thus, a molecular identification method for distinguishing Atlantic pearl oysters Pinctada imbricata from the Indian-Pacific pearl oyster group including P. martensii and P. fucata , was developed. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of the partial intergenic spacer (IGS) of nuclear ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes exhibited length polymorphism between P. imbricata (590 bp) and the other two species (427 bp). The restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the PCR products (PCR-RFLP) cleaved with Mse I observed in the IGS of nuclear rRNA genes also gave different profiles between P. imbricata and the other two species. The difference in PCR-RFLP using Alu I was also detected in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene regions between P. imbricata and the other two species. Thus, the method developed enables the distinction of P. imbricata from P. martensii and P. fucata . 相似文献
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The aim of this review is to present an overview of the sex differentiation and sex determination processes in eels in relation to the urgent need to provide scientific knowledge to better protect and manage the Anguilla genus. Indeed, the global decline of the three main temperate eel stocks, Anguilla anguilla, Anguillidae (Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2003, 10, 365); Anguilla japonica, Anguillidae (Casselman, Eel Biology, Springer Japan, 2003, 293) and Anguilla rostrata, Anguillidae (Tatsukawa, Eel Biology, Springer, Japan, 2003, 255), raises concerns about the necessity to better understand all stages of the life cycle of eels (Righton and Walker, Journal of Fish Biology, 2013, 83, 754). Little is known about the mechanisms involved in the production of males and females in this species with environmental sex determination. Previous reviews identifying the density of individuals as the major factor influencing sex determination were undertaken (Krueger and Oliveira, Environmental Biology of Fishes, 1999, 55, 381; Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2005, 15, 37). Here, we review the current advances on the subject, focusing on the roles of early growth rate and interindividual relationships, which are mechanisms underpinned by density, as well as the sex differentiation process, and we question how this knowledge might influence global conservation measures. 相似文献
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Marteilia refringens is a protozoan parasite causing a disease notifiable to the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) and its distribution has implications for the transfer of live animals. The internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) from Marteilia clones contains polymorphism. Digestion with HhaI reveals two different restriction profiles, previously referred as 'O' (Marteilia from oyster or Marteilia refringens) and 'M' (Marteilia from mussels or Marteilia maurini). The aim of the present work was to determine whether the two previously described Marteilia molecular types (O and M) exist in the Iberian Peninsula and the strictness of the association with their bivalve host species. The sequence variability in the ITS-1 of Marteilia species was studied in mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, and flat oysters, Ostrea edulis, from different geographical locations in Spain, to establish the existence and the distribution of different species or molecular types. Although there were two distinct evolutionary lineages that corresponded more or less strictly with the 'M' and 'O' types, it was evident from the estimated phylogeny that some 'O' types have switched to 'M' type, and vice versa. Moreover, 'O' types were found in mussels and 'M' types were found in oysters, which suggests that there have been several cross-species transmissions of Marteilia between mussels and oysters. 相似文献
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Juliette Royer Catherine Seguineau Kyung-Il Park Stphane Pouvreau Kwang-Sik Choi Katherine Costil 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,277(3-4):313-320
Two methods were used to estimate the reproductive output of female Pacific oysters reared in Normandy: histology with image analysis and ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) which allowed the quantification of egg protein. Condition indices, gonad area and gametogenetic stages of the oysters were determined in the entire population (males and females) between May and October 2005. All investigations were performed in 3 age classes: oysters in their first, second or third years (corresponding to spat, half-grown and market-sized oysters, respectively). Both quantitative histology and ELISA provided similar results in terms of reproductive effort (illustrated by the gonado-somatic index, GSI) except during the GSI drop, corresponding to spawning, which was less marked with the ELISA method. Growth depended on oyster age, the sex ratio was well balanced and the reproductive cycle was synchronized in all age classes. In the 3 age classes, most of the oysters were ripe and ready to spawn on August 8, and ten days after the post-spawning stage was observed in 40% of spat oysters and 70% of half-grown and market-sized bivalves. The major difference between age classes was observed in the reproductive investment, with spat having a lower reproductive output. For example, in males and females, the gonad area reached 78–79% in the median animal section at full maturity (August 8) in half-grown and marketable oysters while it attained only 59% in spat. At the same time, GSI in females was, respectively in spat and the 2 oldest age classes, 33% (quantitative histology)–36% (ELISA) and 55% (quantitative histology)–60% (ELISA). The mean assessed gonad weight and fecundities increased with the age of the oysters: 1.3 g and 12 million eggs, 7.8 g and 135 million eggs, and 11.5 g and 146 million eggs in spat, half-grown and market-sized oysters, respectively. Marked differences thus appear between 2 and 3-year-old oysters and spat. As early as their first reproductive cycle, the young oysters not only showed the reproductive features of the species in Normandy, but also a pronounced lower reproductive effort. This lower energy demand could explain their higher survival rate. 相似文献
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Y. Nagahama 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2005,31(2-3):105-109
We have used various genetic and molecular approaches to investigate the mechanisms of sex determination and gonadal sex differentiation
in fish. DMY was identified as the sex-determining gene of medaka. In tilapia, endogenous estrogens act as natural inducers of ovarian
differentiation, while DMRT1 may be important for testicular differentiation. The roles of these regulators in sex determination and gonadal sex differentiation
were ascertained using a gene or hormonal blockade strategy. 相似文献
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熊本牡蛎多嵴和无嵴品系F3生长性状的连续选择效应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为进一步检测熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea)多嵴和无嵴品系F3的连续选择反应,以2个品系F2上选组为材料,开展2个品系F3混合上选研究,评估2个品系F3生长性状的选择反应、现实遗传力及遗传改进量,解析选育过程中选择效应、品系效应及二者交互作用对生产性状的影响。结果表明:多嵴品系F3生长性状具有较高的现实遗传力,表现出较好的遗传改良效果;无嵴品系F3表现出中等现实遗传力水平,但仍具有一定程度的遗传改良潜能。养成期360日龄时,多嵴品系子代壳高、鲜重的选择反应分别为0.70、0.76;现实遗传力分别为0.40、0.43;遗传改进量分别为7.02%、12.29%;无嵴品系的选择反应分别为0.36、0.33;现实遗传力分别为0.20、0.19;遗传改进量分别为3.74%、5.72%。经过双因子分析模型检测发现:品系来源是影响F3生长性状的主要因子,选择效应是次要因子,二者间不存在明显的交互作用。由此可见,随着连续选择的进行,选择反应逐渐降低,品系来源作用增强,本研究为熊本牡蛎遗传改良和新品系培育奠定了基础。 相似文献
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The effect of temperature on physiological energetics of a fast‐growing selective strain and a hatchery population of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Growth is an important aquaculture trait, which has been one of the most important traits for genetic improvement in aquatic species. Numerous fast‐growing domesticated aquaculture organisms are being cultured, but the physiological processes underlying growth remain largely unexplored. The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is one of the most widely farmed bivalves. In order to improve the productivity traits, a fast‐growing selective strain of C. gigas was established. In this study, we compared physiological energetics of the fast‐growing selective strain and an unselected hatchery population of C. gigas under different conditions of temperature. Components of energy gain (clearance rates, ingestion rates, absorption efficiency and absorption rates), energy loss (metabolic rates) and resulting energy budget (scope for growth) were analysed at four temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30°C). The results indicated that selective breeding oysters had a higher energy gain compared to unselected oysters, but the selected strain and hatchery population of oysters did not significantly differ in metabolic rates at all tested temperatures (p > 0.05). The enhanced energy gain resulted in almost two times higher scope for growth in selective breeding oysters compared with unselected oysters. Physiological characteristics of C. gigas were greatly affected by temperature and showed a fluctuation with the increase in temperatures. The selective breeding oysters outperformed those of hatchery population in growth performance by an increased energy gain along with a similar energy loss. This study provided insight into physiological energetics accounting for growth improvements in fast‐growing selective strain of C. gigas. 相似文献