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采用微卫星法,利用11对微卫星引物对黑龙江省松花江流域、吉林省图们江支流红旗河流域、吉林省白山市鸭绿江流域及吉林省图们江支流密江流域随机采集的94尾细鳞鱼样本进行遗传多样性分析,探讨4个不同流域细鳞鱼群体的遗传多样性差异及其亲缘关系。结果显示,4个群体共检测到等位基因147个,各群体有效等位基因数为1.6541~2.4143,平均观测杂合度为0.3849~0.5186,平均期望杂合度为0.3488~0.5003,4个群体平均多态信息含量为0.3320~0.4704。亲缘关系分析显示,红旗河流域群体与密江流域群体遗传距离最小(0.0954),亲缘关系最近。松花江流域群体与其他3个群体的遗传距离较大,亲缘关系较远。群体间相似指数在0.7112以上,相似性较高。 相似文献
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利用筛选的20对微卫星引物对海南省6个养殖罗非鱼群体进行遗传多样性研究,分析各群体内的遗传变异和各群体间的遗传关系,比较不同群体的等位基因数、有效等位基因数、观测杂合度、期望杂合度、Shannon’s多态性指数、平均多态性信息含量等遗传参数,并利用遗传距离构建6个罗非鱼群体的系统聚类图。结果表明:1)6个罗非鱼群体等位基因数为68个,平均等位基因数为1.992 2~2.255 8,平均观测杂合度为0.572 5~0.745 0,平均期望杂合度为0.469 2~0.532 3,Shannon’s多样性指数为0.719 3~0.848 6,多态信息含量为0.25PIC0.50,其中莫桑比克罗非鱼的遗传多样性指数最高,奥尼罗非鱼最低。2)采用邻接法(NJ)对6个罗非鱼群体进行聚类分析,表明6个罗非鱼群体分为2大支,吉富罗非鱼、尼罗罗非鱼、红罗非鱼、莫桑比克罗非鱼聚为一大支,其中吉富罗非鱼和尼罗罗非鱼聚为一小支,红罗非鱼与莫桑比克罗非鱼聚为一小支;奥尼罗非鱼和泰奥罗非鱼聚为一支。综上所述,海南省6个养殖罗非鱼群体的遗传多样性较高,但不同群体之间存在差异;尼罗罗非鱼与泰奥罗非鱼亲缘关系最远,吉富罗非鱼与尼罗罗非鱼亲缘关系最近。 相似文献
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为探明湘黔山区稻田养殖呆鲤群体的遗传多样性现状，采用14对微卫星引物对湘西永顺、怀化藕团、黔东南锦屏县的呆鲤养殖群体与湘江野鲤自然群体、兴国红鲤养殖群体的遗传多样性及群体间的遗传分化水平进行研究。结果显示：14个微卫星位点平均等位基因数为16.571～19.214,平均有效等位基因数为9.420～11.143,各群体的平均遗传观测杂合度为0.705～0.778,平均期望杂合度为0.884～0.893,平均多态信息含量为0.883～0.891;各位点群体间的遗传分化系数平均值为0.017,基因流为3.088～27.730,5%的遗传变异来自于群体间，而95%的变异来源于群体内个体间和个体内。试验结果表明，本次采集的5个群体均具有较高的遗传多样性，群体间存在一定的基因流动且遗传分化较弱，在长期的稻田养殖条件下，呆鲤群体遗传多样性未下降，未与湘江野鲤产生明显分化，但藕团呆鲤与湘江野鲤产生了一定的遗传分化。 相似文献
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用8对微卫星引物对1997-2004年引进的5个斑点叉尾群体进行遗传多样性分析,计算并统计等位基因数、多态信息含量（PIC）、杂合度、遗传相似性系数、遗传距离等参数。实验显示8个微卫星位点在5个斑点叉尾群体中共检测到42个等位基因,平均期望杂合度为0.6338～0.7320,表明其遗传多样性程度处于中等偏上水平。平均多态信息含量为0.5756～0.6869,说明基因座为高度多态基因座（PIC〉0.5）。群体间遗传相似系数为0.7504～0.9203。聚类分析显示,04群体与其他4个群体的亲缘关系较远。结果表明：引进的5个斑点叉尾群体均具有较高的遗传多样性,遗传信息丰富,遗传变异大,为良好的育种材料。 相似文献
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采用PCR方法扩增了皱纹盘鲍（4个群体）和九孔鲍（1个群体）共5个群体（53个样本）16S rRNA基因片段（16S）,测序获得了1000 bp核苷酸序列,其中669 bp核苷酸序列用于遗传差异分析,旨在评估我国皱纹盘鲍不同群体间及其与九孔鲍间的遗传差异。从52个序列中共检测到17种单倍型,其中皱纹盘鲍4个群体有13种单倍型,九孔鲍1个群体（9个样本）有4种单倍型。单倍型核苷酸序列比对显示,变异位点占比对位点的20．5％,基于单倍型的皱纹盘鲍4个群体间的遗传距离为0．002～0．011,平均为0．005;九孔鲍群体内的平均遗传距离为0．004,两种鲍间的平均遗传距离为0．218;两种鲍间的遗传分化系数 F‐统计量 FST平均为0．982,皱纹盘鲍4群体间的 FST值为0．0051～0．0065。本研究显示2种鲍群体内16S变异很小。系统发育分析鲍属11种鲍的聚类关系,显示皱纹盘鲍与盘鲍、日本鲍交叉聚为一支,九孔鲍与杂色鲍也交叉聚为一支,4个种类未聚成单系支。 相似文献
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为探讨近三十年来我国皱纹盘鲍养殖模式对群体遗传结构产生的影响，利用线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基 (COⅠ)基因和细胞色素b (Cytb)基因分析了定殖漳州的群体、大连培育蓬莱越冬群体、荣成培育福建越冬群体及长山列岛 (砣矶岛、大钦岛、南隍城岛)皱纹盘鲍群体的遗传多样性与群体遗传结构。结果显示，在259个个体730 bp的COⅠ序列片段中检测到48个变异位点和30个单倍型，6个群体的单倍型多样性为0.586~0.897，核苷酸多样性为0.0056~0.0081。259个个体730 bp的Cytb序列片段中检测到59个变异位点和32个单倍型，6个群体的单倍型多样性为0.605~0.909，核苷酸多样性为0.0077~0.0120。基于COⅠ和Cytb基因的群体间Fst值以及AMOVA结果表明，绝大部分群体之间存在显著的遗传分化，并且遗传变异主要来源于群体内。现行的皱纹盘鲍北鲍南养模式加强了不同群体之间的基因交流，使不同遗传背景的种群二次接触，导致皱纹盘鲍6个群体均具有较高的单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性；而各养殖群体中的不同选育条件则可能是造成显著遗传分化的重要原因。本研究对分属南北沿海的6个皱纹盘鲍群体的遗传评估将为我国皱纹盘鲍资源的合理利用以及养殖模式对遗传结构的影响提供科学依据。 相似文献
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中间球海胆野生和养殖群体遗传结构的微卫星分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用28对微卫星DNA分子标记对中间球海胆的1个野生和1个养殖群体进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明：在28个基因座中,共检测到91个等位基因,每个基因座位检测到的等位基因数为2～6个,2个群体的平均等位基因数均为3.071 4,平均有效等位基因数分别为2.231 9、2.227 1,平均观察杂合度分别为0.523 4、0.536 5,平均期望杂合度为0.486 8、0.499 3,平均多态信息含量为0.447 7、0.439 6,群体间的多态性差异不显著。2个群体间的遗传相似系数为0.758 7,遗传距离为0.276 2。经HardyWeinberg平衡的卡方检验,有50％的位点显著偏离HardyWeinberg平衡。通过F检验发现,两个群体均处于不同程度的杂合子过剩状态。群体间发生分化程度很弱,遗传变异主要来自群体内个体之间。 相似文献
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利用微卫星荧光多重PCR技术分析壳白长牡蛎3代人工选育群体的遗传多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨壳白长牡蛎人工选育对群体遗传变异的影响,实验利用4个多重PCR组合共10个微卫星标记分析了连续3代壳白长牡蛎人工选育群体和野生群体及基础群体的遗传多样性。结果发现,6个群体的平均等位基因数量为7.2~12.6,等位基因丰度为6.8~11.0,期望和观测杂合度分别为0.672~0.769和0.486~0.542;与野生群体相比,3代选育群体的平均等位基因数显著降低,但平均期望杂合度并无显著差异。哈迪—温伯格平衡检验结果显示,在60个群体—位点组合中有39个群体—位点组合显著偏离哈迪—温伯格平衡,近交系数F_(is)范围为0.215~0.342。群体间遗传分化指数F_(st)范围为0.005~0.076,处于中—低等的遗传分化水平。研究表明,虽然连续选育对群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化造成了一定程度的影响,但人工选育群体依然表现为较高的遗传多样性,仍可以一定的选择压力对选育群体进行人工选育。 相似文献
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采用9个微卫星DNA标记对长江支流岷江下游厥溪和长江上游干流朱杨溪红唇薄鳅的2个野生群体遗传多样性及遗传分化情况进行了研究。共检测出73条等位基因,其中厥溪群体中有55条等位基因,朱杨溪群体中有69条等位基因,两群体共有等位基因数为51条。厥溪群体和朱杨溪群体的平均等位基因数分别为6.111和7.667,平均观测杂合度分别为0.665和0.668;平均期望杂合度分别0.684和0.712,平均多态性信息指数分别为0.621和0.656,从各参数结果来看,朱杨溪群体的遗传多样性水平高于厥溪。AMOVA结果显示,大多数遗传变异存在于红唇薄鳅群体内(98.68%),群体间的遗传变异为1.32%,固定系数不显著。基因流为9.42,表明两群体间基因交流频繁。UPGMA聚类显示,厥溪和朱杨溪群体中的个体相互混杂。这些结果表明长江上游厥溪和朱杨溪群体未出现遗传分化。 相似文献
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采用皱纹盘鲍大连群体与盘鲍日本群体进行杂交育苗试验和鲍苗种生产。结果表明,皱纹盘鲍和盘鲍正、反交组合的受精率和孵化率均低于两亲本自交组,而其苗种成活率高于两亲本自交组（提高达20％以上）;皱纹盘鲍和盘鲍的正、反交组合鲍苗的生长情况是,其平均壳长明显高于两亲本自交组鲍苗的平均壳长,最长达2．01 cm ;皱纹盘鲍与盘鲍作为亲本进行鲍苗种生产,经160 d培育,共培育出鲍苗种2020．75万只（平均壳长2．01 cm ）,鲍出苗量平均4345．7只／m2。通过鲍种内杂交的育种方法,可以达到改良和优化鲍种质的目的。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: An apparatus to measure the locomotor activity of aquatic benthic organisms at variable low light levels was developed and the diurnal behavioral pattern of the abalone Haliotis discus discus was measured at various low light intensities. During the experiment, abalone were exposed to 12 h light–dark cycles of complete darkness, 0 µmol/m2 /s throughout the 12 h dark cycle and, during periods I (days 1–8) and III (days 19–26), the 12 h light cycles were set at 10 µmol/m2 /s. During period II (days 10–17), abalone were exposed to a light level during the 12 h light cycles of 1 × 10−5 , 1 × 10−6 , 1 × 10−7 or 1 × 10−8 µmol/m2 /s and the changes in locomotor activity assessed. At daytime levels of 1 × 10−5 µmol/m2 /s, typical behavioral patterns were observed of high locomotory activity during the night-time cycle. However, at lower light intensities, the distinction between day and night activity patterns became less clear and, at intensities lower than 1 × 10−7 µmol/m2 /s, the difference between activity during the light and dark cycles became negligible. Based on this, we conclude that the threshold of light level perception in relation to locomotor activity is approximately 1 × 10−7 µmol/m2 /s. The significance of these results in relation to the entrainment of behavior in abalone is discussed. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: This study documents the genetic population relationships between Ezo-awabi Haliotis discus hannai and Kuro-awabi H. discus discus by means of the microsatellite technique with an emphasis on the extent of genetic difference between Ezo- and Kuro-awabi populations. Eight markers were employed to screen five populations each collected from Ezo- and Kuro-awabi habitats. All eight loci showed polymorphisms in all populations (number of alleles per locus, 11.1–14.1; averaged expected heterozygosity, 0.64–0.70). The number of loci that yielded significant genetic heterogeneities (allele frequency distribution and/or pairwise θ ) between Ezo- and Kuro-awabi populations was larger than that generated in comparisons between populations within Ezo- and Kuro-awabi habitats. According to the bootstrap neighbor-joining trees constructed on the basis of two genetic distance measures ( D A and D ST ), the 10 populations fell into two clusters of populations (Ezo-awabi and Kuro-awabi habitat groups), and the results of hierarchical amova testing also supported the neighbor-joining clustering. The outcomes presented here suggest that the microsatellite markers used in this study are potentially an efficient means to differentiate Ezo- and Kuro-awabi populations. 相似文献
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ADRIAN STOTT TOSHIO TAKEUCHI YASUYUKI KOIKE HIROSHI YAMAKAWA OSAMU IMADA 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(5):1088-1093
Feeding artificial micro diets instead of diatoms may allow a more constant and controlled form of nutrition, and thus results in lower mortality rate and increased growth. A 4-week trial was conducted to determine the growth and survival of postlarval Haliotis discus discus (Reeve.) postlarvae fed three experimental micro particle diets, and naturally occurring diatoms. A completely randomized design was adopted with each diet being replicated three times. All diets varied in terms of particle size and gross composition. Survival rate was significantly lower ( P < 0.05) in the diatom diet (19.5 ± 2.1%) when compared with the K-1 diet (38.8 ± 8.9%), the K-2 diet (43.7 ± 5.6%) and the MD-Q diet (44.2 ± 14.8%). The size of postlarvae fed the four diets was not significantly different ( P > 0.05). There was also little difference in the daily growth rate. Based on the results of this work for the preliminary implementation of artificial food as a replacement diet for diatoms, it seems that postlarval H . discus discus readily consumes artificial micro particle diets and has a superior survival rate when compared to that of diatoms. 相似文献
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The genetic diversity of cultured populations of the Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) from northern China was analysed using seven microsatellite markers. The microsatellite loci were polymorphic for all the populations, with an average of 8.7 alleles per locus (range 8.0–9.4). The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.547 (range 0.500–0.596) and 0.774 (range 0.754–0.787) respectively. The allelic diversity in terms of number of alleles per locus was considerably lower than that previously found in wild populations (range 21.8–23.0), indicating that bottleneck effects occurred when each population was founded. Significant genetic differentiation among the five cultured populations was shown using Fst and Rst values, and pairwise comparison based on allelic distribution. A neighbour‐joining analysis of the genetic distance did not show a consistent relationship between the geographic and the genetic distances, suggesting the existence of exchanges of breeds and eggs between the hatcheries. The results obtained in this study are useful for a number of areas of interest for fisheries management and the aquaculture industry, especially with regard to breeding programmes. 相似文献
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皱纹盘鲍遗传多样性的RAPD分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对采自山东长岛和辽宁大连海域的两个自然群体皱纹盘鲍的遗传多样性进行了RAPD分析。16个随机引物在两群体中共检测到了179个位点,其中,长岛和大连群体中的多态位点数分别为88和91个,两群体的多态位点百分率分别为49·16%和50·84%;Shannon′s多样性指数(H0)分别为0·2496和0·2668。有70%以上的遗传变异来自群体内,显示两群体内均有较高程度的遗传变异。研究结果表明,长岛和大连的皱纹盘鲍群体已出现了明显的遗传分化。 相似文献
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碘伏对皱纹盘鲍的急性毒性试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
试验结果表明：碘伏对稚鲍2，42，48，72，96hLC50分别为3．91，0．64，0．38和0．36mg.L^-1有效碘。稚鲍对碘伏很敏感，且忍耐质量浓度范围较窄，不适合带水消毒。 相似文献