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1.
斑节对虾(Penaeus,mortodort Fabri citts)俗称草虾,是对虾养殖的优良品种,近几年在我国台湾省和东南亚各国已作为虾类的主要养殖对象,并且在高密度和较完善的养殖条件下取得很高的产量。我国大陆养殖斑节对虾起步较晚,近两年才开始较大面积养殖。为了探索斑节对虾在本地区池塘条件下养殖的可行性和高产技术措施,进行了本试验。  相似文献   

2.
<正> 1992年,山东省莱州市引种养殖斑节对虾试验获得成功。在当今中国对虾面临病害严重、国际市场呈萎缩态势的情况下,引进和发展养殖斑节对虾,使之渐次形成规模很有必要。 1 引种养殖斑节对虾是市场经济的需要从斑节对虾人工养殖的情况看,斑节对虾是一个很有发展前途的养殖品种。斑节对虾又称草虾,是对虾类中最大的一种,盛产于东南亚地区。它具有生长快、适应性强和食性杂的优点。目前,在我国南方一些地区,特别是福建等地已成功地进行工厂化育苗并开始大面积养殖出口,效益十分显著。近几年来,在我国其它一些省市如河北、江苏和山东等地也  相似文献   

3.
斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon Fabricius)俗称草虾、花虾,属热带性大型虾类,我国主要产于海南、广东和广西沿岸,浙江、福建也有少量分布。其个体大,生长快,肉质鲜美,是养殖的优良品种。东南亚许多国家养殖斑节对虾有较长的历史,泰国、菲律宾和印尼等国,近年来人工育苗和养殖生产发展较快。我国除台湾省在斑节对虾人工育苗、养成方面积累了较丰富的经验外,广东、福建还处于初期阶段。为了开辟新的养殖品种,促进我省对虾养殖业持续稳定发展,中外合资马尾水产饲料有限公司承担省水产厅科教处下达的“斑节对虾高产养殖试验”的任务,于1988年6  相似文献   

4.
虾蟹池塘混合养殖技术要点   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
混养的虾类品种有南美白对虾、中国对虾、长毛对虾、斑节对虾、刀额新对虾等。虾蟹同属甲壳动物,其栖息习性、食性虽然有许多相同之处,但青蟹营底栖爬行活动,而虾类多营游泳活动,虾蟹混养可以充分利用水体空间,提高经济效益。  相似文献   

5.
80年代中期,珠江三角洲沿岸的深圳、东莞、番禺、中山、斗门和珠海等市县,先后开发了连片大面积规范化的咸淡水可控制水域近7000公顷(10万亩),率先在我国形成有别于传统池塘养殖的河口性鱼虾类集约式养殖业。主要养殖对象,虾类有中国对虾、斑节对虾、  相似文献   

6.
斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon Fabricius)俗称草虾、花虾、虎虾,属热带性大型虾类,我国主要产于海南、广东和广西沿岸,浙江、福建也有少量分布。其个体大、生长快,肉质鲜美、离水耐干性强,便于活运,是养殖的优良品种。东南亚的泰国、菲律宾和印尼等国,人工育苗和养殖斑节对虾都有较长的历史,发展很快。我国台湾省于1968年首次人工育苗成功,二十几年来发展迅猛,积累了丰富的经验;广东、福建经过多年试验,1992年进行大规模的人工苗种和养殖生产,草虾养殖业正在积极的开发发展中。1992年4—8月,受福建省水产饲料研究会的委托,在我所鼓浪屿实验场2.5亩的池塘中,用华大饲料有限公司生产的金马牌对虾饲料,进行养殖斑节对虾验证试验。经过116天的试养,收获斑节对虾580公斤,平均亩产232公斤,成活率为74.2%,个体规格为每公斤64尾,饲料系数1.98。该项试验结果,已于1992年8月17日通过专家验收确认。  相似文献   

7.
南美自对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei),又称万氏对虾、白脚虾,属白虾类。原产于中、南美洲太平洋沿岸的温暖水域,以厄瓜多尔沿岸分布最为集中。于1988年由中科院海洋研究所引入国内。近年来,南美白对虾以其壳薄、肉厚、生长快、群体增长均匀、抗病力强等优点,逐渐成为我国南方主要养殖虾种。它与斑节对虾、中国对虾并列为世界上三大养殖虾类,是集约化高产养殖的优良品种。  相似文献   

8.
斑节对虾(台湾称草虾)具有个体大、生长快、杂食性、广盐度、耐高温等特点,是海水虾类养殖的优良品种之一,热带和亚热带都宜于养殖。广东省从1988—1992年养殖斑节对虾的地区,普遍取得较好的经济效益。1993年后,斑节对虾发病日趋严重,现已困挠了养殖生产。  相似文献   

9.
当前,天津市虾类养殖主要以南美白对虾为主,但该虾已经出现种质退化现象,虾病也呈多发趋势,因此,开发新的虾类养殖品种势在必行。天祥水产公司经过几年的试验和探索,在微成水中养殖斑节对虾并取得成功,填补了天津市斑节对虾养殖的空白,对促进天津市对虾产业结构调整,带动水产业可持续发展有重要意义。本文概述了斑节对虾养殖的试验结果及主要的养殖技术。  相似文献   

10.
池塘养殖斑节对虾诱导成熟产卵的初步试验   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
斑节对虾Penaeus monodon Fabricius.是一种大型虾类,一般体长15~20cm。体重60~100g,最大者体长将近30cm,体重250g,是对虾科中生长最快的品种。斑节对虾主要分布于日本南部、我国东南沿海、台湾、福建、广东、菲律宾、东印度群岛及印度洋。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

19.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

20.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

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