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三疣梭子蟹个体发育早期的同工酶谱变化 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术研究了三疣梭子蟹个体发育早期（从未受精卵到第一期幼蟹）11种同工酶（LDH、GDH、ADH、SOD、EST、ME、MDH、SDH、GOT、ACP和α-AMY）酶谱的变化：结果表明,三疣梭子蟹EST、ME、MDH、SDH、GOT、ACP和α-AMY等7种同工酶电泳图谱显示了明显的发育阶段差异性,大都随发育渐趋复杂。个体发育阶段特异性的同工酶可以作为一项生化指标用于三疣梭子蟹发育阶段的鉴别。在三疣梭子蟹整个胚胎和幼体发育过程中均未能检测出LDH和GDH活性,而ADH和SOD酶活性则有持续和较稳定的表现。根据各同工酶的个体发育谱式,三疣梭子蟹个体发育过程中同工酶的表达类型被划分为4种。讨论了三疣梭子蟹同工酶的个体发生多念性和刚孵化的第一期涵状幼体的同工酶活性。 相似文献
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白鲫组织器官同工酶的生化与遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对白鲫心肌、肝脏、肾脏、肌肉、鳃、卵粒、脑进行了4种同工酶(MDH、LDH、EST、ADH)初步研究,并对各同工酶的位点及酶谱进行了分析。白鲫组织器官有明显的组织特异性,各组织器官同工酶条带较简单。LDH同工酶谱不是经典的5条带,出现了许多亚酶带。 相似文献
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采用聚丙炮酰胺凝胶园盘电泳法分析了荷包红鲤和德国镜鲤的心脏、肝脏、肌肉和眼睛等组织中的过氧化物酶（POD）、酯酶（EST）、苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）等四种同工酶的谱带。结果表明：荷包红鲤POD在肌肉中不显带，在心、肝、眼中显3－4条带；EST在心、肌、眼中均显2条主带，尚可见1－3条痕量带，在肝中多1条主带，MDH在心、肝、肌、眼组织中显示1－5条带，各组织不同；LDH在心、肌、眼中均显1条带在肝脏显4条带。德国镜鲤POD在肌肉中不显带，在心、肝、眼组织中显3－5条带；EST在心、肌、眼组织中均显2条主带，1－2条痕量带；MDH在心、肝、肌、眼组织中显1－3条带；LDH在心、肌、眼组织中均显1条带，而在肝脏显示1条弥漫性宽带。可见荷包红鲤和德国镜鲤POD、EST、MDH和LDH等同工酶在不同组织中均在程度不同的组织特异性。在这两种鱼的同一组织中，四种同工酶的酶带既有一定的差异，又有很大的相近性。而在同一种鱼的不同个体中，同工酶电泳带无明显不同。 相似文献
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采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,分析了银鲳(Pampus argenteus)脾脏、肝脏、肌肉、心脏、肾脏等5种组织中酯酶(EST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)等4种同工酶的表达模式,并对各种同工酶的酶谱进行了分析。结果表明:这4种同工酶在银鲳5种组织中的分布均存在一定的组织特异性,其与各组织的生理机能密切相关。银鲳4种同工酶共记录出61条酶带,其中EST被检测出的酶带数量最多也较复杂,ADH同工酶酶带数量最少,只有6条酶带被检测到,LDH和GDH分别检测到16条和9条酶带;组织特异性主要表现在位点表达和酶活性强弱不同这两个方面,GDH1和ADH2只在肝脏中表达。 相似文献
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采用不连续聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳法,研究了赣昌鲫(Carassius cuvieri♀×Cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis ♂)及其双亲的肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、心脏、脑、晶状体6种组织在超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶(MDH)、乳酸脱氢酶同工酶(LDH)、酯酶(EST)四种同工酶酶谱表达上的遗传差异。结果显示:赣昌鲫的SOD酶谱表达在6种组织中与母本一致;心脏、肝脏、肾脏的MDH表达酶带数与母本相同,且具偏母遗传特性,肌肉的MDH表达谱带数与父本肌肉相同,具偏父遗传特性;LDH、EST在各组织中的酶带表达形式则多数特征偏向于父本,部分与母本相似;LDH同工酶的表达显示出新杂种酶带特异性,EST同工酶在肾脏中也表达了自身特有的杂种酶带。结果表明,属间杂交的后代遗传物质上也存在着变异,存在可选育的性状。 相似文献
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对实验室条件下培养的单环刺螠虫(Urechis uniconctus)变态前幼虫发育的同工酶及酶学特性进行研究。研究中5种同工酶(EST、MDH、AMY、LDH、ALP)酶谱均随发育表现出一定的差异。EST酶谱最为复杂，由原肠期的1条酶带增至体节幼虫时期的6条。MDH在发育各时期皆有表达。在原肠时期未检测到AMY、LDH及ALP活性。采用生化法对5种酶(ACP、ALP、PO、POD、CarE)的酶活测定结果显示，随着单环刺螠虫的发育，各种酶的活力都有明显增强。以上结果表明，摄食行为的开始对其某些消化酶活性的表达有显著的增强作用。至中期担轮幼虫时期，幼虫已具备了一定的对脂类等物质的消化能力。至晚期担轮幼虫及体节幼虫时期，其免疫能力也有显著增强。 相似文献
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关键种对生态系统结构和功能发挥了重要作用,其变化可以引起群落结构振荡和演替,导致生态系统功能紊乱乃至崩溃,因此,了解生态关键种的长期变化有助于解析整个生态系统演替过程。本研究基于莱州湾1959年、1982年、1993年、2003年和2015年春季(5月)底拖网渔业资源调查数据,构建了莱州湾春季鱼类群落食物网拓扑结构,分析了其关键种的长期变化。1959~2015年莱州湾鱼类食物网包含物种21~46个,摄食关系范围70~296个,食物网拓扑结构密度范围为0.155~0.300,种间关联度0.140~0.182,符合自然条件下群落种间摄食关系。1959~2015年莱州湾鱼类群落关键种如下:1959年为六丝矛尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)、花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)、蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)和黄(Lophius litulon),1982年为鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、黄和小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis),1993年为带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)、鳀和蓝点马鲛,2003年为细纹狮子鱼(Liparis tanakae)、鳀和黄,2015年为细纹狮子鱼、大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼;关键种由经济价值较高的花鲈、小黄鱼和蓝点马鲛等演变为细纹狮子鱼、鳀和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼等经济价值较低的种类;同时,关键种的栖息环境也由中上层与底层生境(蓝点马鲛、花鲈、鳀等)演变为底层单一生境(细纹狮子鱼、大泷六线鱼和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼);关键种的这种更替导致食物网拓扑结构向简单化发展,在某种程度上也增加了鱼类群落结构脆弱性。 相似文献
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为研究斑海豹生长规律,达到科学饲养的目的,对大连圣亚旅游控股股份有限公司豢养斑海豹进行体检,获取动物性别、年龄、体质量和体长等信息;通过SPSS 13．0软件对动物的生长曲线、体长-体质量关系和雌雄间生长差异进行分析。试验共获得30头豢养斑海豹的体检数据,雌性11头,雄性19头。统计分析发现：logistic、Gompertz和von Bertalanffy三种模型回归的斑海豹最大体长、体质量依次为167、170、171 cm和153、175、191 kg ;体质量-体长关系为（r2＝0．908）;研究还发现体长-年龄、体质量-体长间的相关关系模型能够较准确的反映斑海豹的生长规律,而体质量年龄模型准确度较差。控制年龄的协方差分析未发现雌雄斑海豹生长规律间的差异（体长：P ＞0．05;体质量：P ＞0．05）。 相似文献
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César Salazar Marcela Jaime Yanina Figueroa Rodrigo Fuentes 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2018,22(2):151-167
In light of the current depletion of extractive marine resources and the sustainability issues that have arisen in the aquaculture industry, the small-scale aquaculture sector has emerged as a viable and sustainable alternative for generating income. To integrate the small-scale aquaculture sector into the food value chain, understanding the decision-making process to innovate becomes essential. This paper explores the factors underlying both innovation choices and intensity among small-scale aquaculture producers by utilizing exclusive census data from the small-scale aquaculture sector in Chile. The results indicate that education, secure property rights, internet access, participation in organizations, commercialization methods, government instruments, understanding of credit, and social learning promote innovation decisions. We also find that largest producers innovate in more areas, suggesting a role of size for both technological and non-technological innovations. 相似文献
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M. W. APRAHAMIAN P. HICKLEY B. A. SHIELDS G. W. MAWLE 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2010,17(2):93-105
Abstract Inland fisheries in England and Wales have high economic and social values. Managing participation to maximise fishery performance is key to maintaining this status. The capital value of fishing rights for migratory salmonid fisheries is €165 million. Coarse fisheries contribute €1030 million to the economy. The central tenet to increasing participation in recreational salmonid fisheries is that an increase in stock size will result in more anglers accessing the fishery. This was examined for salmon on the rivers Usk and Lune where exploitation restrictions increased the number of salmon available to anglers. On the River Lune, the number of salmon available post‐intervention increased by 66%. There was no significant increase in catch while the number of anglers decreased by 16.3%. On the River Usk, the closure of the net fishery potentially resulted in an additional ～1200 salmon being available. Following closure, there was no significant change in rod catch or in the number of anglers. Increased participation is dependent less upon stock manipulation for coarse fisheries and more upon facilitating the activity. In recent years, urban fishery development programmes have provided improved access to local fishing opportunity. Also, new anglers have been targeted through campaigns such as Get Hooked on Fishing and the Scout Angler Badge. 相似文献
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C.D. de Silva 《Aquaculture International》1997,5(4):339-349
An electrophoretic analysis of six populations of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) and four populations of O. niloticus (L.) from several rivers and a fish hatchery in Sri Lanka was conducted to determine the degree of mixing within and between stocks. Genetic characterization of the O. mossambicus stocks showed that some degree of mixing with O. niloticus occurred in all but two of the populations examined, while in the case of the O. niloticus, all the populations had some degree of mixing of O. mossambicus alleles. Genetic identity calculated using Nei's coefficient gave values ranging from 0.9484 to 0.9895 for O. niloticus populations and 1.0 to 0.9940 for O. mossambicus populations, while interspecies comparisons ranged from 0.7531 to 0.9002. The implications of these results for fisheries management and aquaculture are discussed. 相似文献
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Declines in chinook salmon catches in the Strait of Georgia in relation to shifts in the marine environment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
RICHARD J. BEAMISH BRIAN E. RIDDELL CHRYS-ELLEN M. NEVILLE BARBARA L. THOMSON ZIYANG ZHANG 《Fisheries Oceanography》1995,4(3):243-256
Chinook, Oncurhynchus tshawytscha, catches in the Strait of Georgia increased in the 1970s and reached maximum levels from 1976 to 1978. Catches then declined until they stabilized through regulation at levels approximately one-quarter of the 1976 to 1978 levels. The timing of the decline in catch was synchronous with an increase in the mean temperature of the Strait of Georgia, a decline in annual Fraser River flows, and an abrupt decrease in the marine survival of hatchery-reared chinook released into the Strait of Georgia. Surprisingly, the number of young chinook salmon (smolts) more than doubled over the period of declining catches compared with the number produced during the period of high catches. The increase in smolt abundance was a consequence of the production from hatcheries that was approximately equal to wild production. We conclude that there was a change in the carrying capacity for chinook salmon in the Strait of Georgia in the late 1970s that contributed to the declines in abundance and that rebuilding stocks to the high abundance of the late 1970s is unlikely until the carrying capacity for chinook salmon changes either naturally or through manipulation. Although we did not separate density-dependent and density-independent effects on marine survival, the current total number of chinook smolts produced appears larger than required for the current marine carrying capacity. 相似文献
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