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1.
由丹东东港市某养殖场患病的南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)幼虾组织体内分离出一株优势菌,通过全自动细菌分析仪及16srDNA序列分析对该菌株进行鉴定,命名为DS180707。并进行人工感染试验和药敏实验。结果显示,本次患病幼虾致病菌为溶藻弧菌,且具有较强的致病性。该菌对氟苯尼考、氯霉素、恩诺杀星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星等6种抗生素敏感。 相似文献
2.
《河北渔业》2021,(7)
海蜇生长阶段分为螅状体、碟状体、水母体三个阶段。海蜇溃烂病主要发生在水母体阶段。从伞部凹陷、溃烂的海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye)体内分离到3株优势菌株DS2020072901、DS2020072902、DS2020072903。通过全自动细菌分析仪及16S rDNA基因序列同源性分析鉴定,分别为溶藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌、轮虫弧菌(Vibrio rotiferianus)。其中轮虫弧菌为首次在患病海蜇中分离得到,初步判定为致病菌。人工感染试验确定了海蜇溃烂病的病原菌为轮虫弧菌。药敏分析结果显示,该菌株对氟苯尼考、多西环素、恩诺杀星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、环丙沙星等抗生素敏感。 相似文献
3.
2020年丹东东港市某养殖厂养殖1龄牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)突发病害,表现为腹水病症状。取患病的5尾养殖牙鲆的鳃、肝、脾、肠道、腹水为材料进行细菌分离及纯培养,选择优势菌株通过全自动细菌分析仪及16S rDNA序列分析对该菌株进行鉴定,结果表明分离纯培养的14株菌(DS200401-DS200414)共鉴定出2种,其中1种为该病的致病菌:弧菌属灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)。随后进行人工感染试验和药敏试验。用12种抗菌药物对3种菌进行药敏试验,结果显示在不同菌株间无明显的敏感与耐药性差异。 相似文献
4.
对患病中华鳖(Trionyn sinensis)进行病原分离、鉴定及药敏实验。从患病中华鳖肝、肾、脾及腹水分离纯化病原菌,经理化特性测定及16S rRNA序列分析对其进行鉴定,开展人工感染试验,并利用K-B进行药敏特性分析。结果显示分离菌株HD01为本次引发中华鳖病害的病原菌,其对中华鳖的LD50为4.48×106CFU/g。HD01株理化特性与粘质沙雷氏菌一致,16S rRNA序列与粘质沙雷氏菌同源性为99%,综合判定分离菌株为粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens)。HD01株对氟苯尼考、多西环素、庆大霉素及苯唑西林等14种抗生素高度敏感;对青霉素、头孢拉定、新霉素等7种抗生素耐药。分离菌株HD01是中华鳖病原菌,养殖时可选用氟苯尼考、庆大霉素及多西环素等药物进行防控。 相似文献
5.
从患病文蛤Meretrix meretrix体内分离出一优势菌株WT01,回归感染试验证明是文蛤的致病菌。对该菌形态、生理生化特征、盐度、温度和PH值生长条件以及16S rRNA基因序列进行了研究。结果表明,该菌为革兰氏阴性菌,发酵葡萄糖产酸不产气,氧化酶阳性,生长需NaCl,无色素,不发光,在TCBS平板上形成圆形黄色菌落,对弧菌抑制剂O／129敏感,具有弧菌属的典型特征。16S rRNA基因序列分析表明,该菌与需钠弧菌Vibrio natriegen的亲缘关系最为接近,其同源性达999／6以上。因此,将该菌鉴定为需钠弧菌。实验显示其半数致死量为5．5×10^6CFU／g。19种抗菌药物药敏试验结果表明,该菌对氟哌酸、复方新诺明、菌必治、先锋必、链霉素、氯霉素和庆大霉素等抗生素较为敏感。并对其胞外产物的生物学特性进行了分析。 相似文献
6.
2021年11月，辽宁大连某养殖场红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)出现死亡。通过对患病红鳍东方鲀病灶部位进行细菌分离培养、细菌革兰氏染色、以及细菌16S rDNA序列分析，从患病红鳍东方鲀中共分离出3株优势菌且均为弧菌，分别为哈维弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)、大菱鲆源弧菌(V.scophthalmi)、费氏弧菌(Aliivibrio fischeri)。药敏检测结果表明，费氏弧菌对复方新诺明、氟苯尼考、多西环素3种抗生素敏感；大菱鲆源弧菌仅对恩诺沙星敏感；哈维弧菌对环丙沙星、复方新诺明、氟苯尼考、多西环素、恩诺沙星5种抗生素敏感。3种优势菌对16种抗生素的药物敏感实验结果表明3种优势菌均为多重耐药菌。结合药敏实验结果与相关研究，推荐联合多西环素与山苍子植物精油对红鳍东方鲀体表溃烂病进行防治。 相似文献
7.
从患病的黄鳝(Monopterus albus)体内分离到一株致病菌株DB01,对该菌株进行人工感染、生理生化鉴定及16S r DNA序列分析。结果显示:人工感染黄鳝出现与自然发病相同的症状,表明菌株DB01为发病黄鳝的病原菌。菌株DB01为革兰氏阴性杆菌,无芽孢和荚膜,在兔血平板上能形成明显的β-溶血。序列分析显示,菌株DB01与嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)的同源性达99%。药敏试验结果显示,菌株DB01对诺氟沙星、左氧氟沙星、阿奇霉素及氟苯尼考等抗生素高度敏感,五倍子、黄柏、地榆及乌梅等中草药对菌株DB01抑菌作用强。 相似文献
8.
从患病斜带石斑鱼 (Epinepheluscoioides)肝脏组织分离到EcGY0 2 0 4 0 1菌株 ,经人工感染、回归感染实验证实为致病菌。通过API系统和菌体常规形态特征、培养特性和生理生化反应指标测定以及 16SrRNA测序分析等综合鉴定 ,Ec GY0 2 0 4 0 1菌株为弧菌属哈维氏弧菌 (Vibrioharveyi) ,其半致死剂量LD50 为 2 .7× 10 6CFU/g鱼体重。药敏试验结果表明 ,EcGY0 2 0 4 0 1菌株对利福平、四环素、喹诺酮类及头孢曲松等抗生素较为敏感 相似文献
9.
2011年4月,从海南工厂化养殖的患病方斑东风螺体内分离得到3株优势菌,经感染实验确定菌株DFL11-01为该暴发性疾病的致病菌,其对方斑东风螺注射感染的LD50为2.6×106CFU/g。采用常规形态和生理生化特征,对菌株DFL11-01进行鉴定,并以16SrRNA基因序列同源性分析法对所有3株分离菌进行同源性分析,结果表明,3株细菌均为哈氏弧菌Vibrio harveyi。药敏试验结果表明,菌株DFL11-01对阿洛西林、利福平等15种药物耐药;对头孢他啶、四环素等3种药物中介敏感;对氨苄西林、恩诺沙星、头孢三嗪、哌拉西林、左旋氧氟沙星等5种药物敏感。 相似文献
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11.
Larval mortalities occurring in molluscan hatcheries have often been associated with bacterial contamination, and more specifically with vibrios. Although batches of oyster and clam larvae have been routinely reared in the hatchery of Argenton (North Brittany, France) without antibiotics, high larval mortalities have been recorded with the great scallop, Pecten maximus, under similar conditions. For this species, an addition of antibiotics was found necessary and chloramphenicol was used at a concentration of 8 mg l–1. However, this chemical has now been banned in Europe, making either substitution products or an improvement in the rearing procedures essential. Studies carried out have shown that neither a decrease in larval density (to 1 larva ml–1) nor an increase in seawater change frequency (to one per day) had any positive effects. Furthermore, elective substances such as sugars were not suitable and the use of another antibiotic, erythromycin, led to inconsistent results. The only positive effects were obtained with lower levels of chloramphenicol, which does not resolve the problem. Because no alternative solutions have as yet been found, further research needs to be undertaken. 相似文献
12.
T. Citarasu K. Venkatramalingam M. Micheal Babu R. Raja Jeya Sekar M. Petermarian 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(6):581-595
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could
lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment
in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load
in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
为了探究石首鱼核型微观结构上的变化,实验利用荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)比较定位了厦门白姑鱼和大黄鱼18S rDNA和5S rDNA的分布特征。结果表明,厦门白姑鱼与大黄鱼在宏观核型以及18S rDNA和5S rDNA染色体分布等3个方面均存在较大差异。厦门白姑鱼的核型公式为2n=48t,臂数FN=48;单对18S rDNA信号分布于1号染色体臂间;单对5S rDNA信号分布于3号染色体近着丝粒区域。大黄鱼的核型公式为2n=2sm+4st+42t,臂数FN=50;单对18S rDNA信号分布于18号染色体短臂端部;5S rDNA信号9~11对,除一对分布于臂间外,其余全部分布于着丝粒端或短臂端部。综合其他石首鱼核型数据可以推断:厦门白姑鱼呈现原始核型特征,而大黄鱼核型是原始核型经染色体重排和/或转座衍生的特化核型;石首鱼宏观核型和18S rDNA分布模式总体保守,仅少数物种存在变化,而5S rDNA位点的分布模式存在高度的种间变化。本研究首次揭示了石首鱼物种间核型微观结构的变化,为进一步开展石首鱼分子细胞遗传学研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
14.
为了研究皱纹盘鲍、西氏鲍、绿鲍和杂色鲍等4种鲍的核型特征,实验利用荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH)技术比较定位了上述4种鲍的45S rDNA位点。皱纹盘鲍中约83%的中期细胞均检出2对45S rDNA位点,分别位于13号和16号染色体的长臂端部。西氏鲍中约75%的中期细胞均检出3对45S rDNA位点,分别位于6号染色体短臂端部、14号和17号染色体长臂端部。绿鲍中约85%的中期细胞均检出3对45S rDNA位点,分别位于4号、6号和8号染色体长臂的端部。杂色鲍中约65%的中期细胞均检出3对45S r DNA,位点,分别位于3号、4号和12号染色体短臂的端部。此外,4种鲍均有少数中期相的45S rDNA位点数高于众数,这提示,除了明确的45S rDNA位点外,4种鲍可能均有若干个不稳定的45S rDNA位点。实验结果丰富了鲍细胞遗传学研究资料,同时为鲍的遗传育种研究提供了基础数据。 相似文献
15.
2017年4月,浙江台州某海水养殖公司跑道式养殖池黑棘鲷大量发病,病鱼活力下降、食欲减退、体表溃疡,剖检可见肝脏、脾脏、肾脏肿大且有不同程度的白色结节,同时伴随大量腹水。用胰蛋白胨大豆琼脂(TSA)从典型结节病濒死黑棘鲷器官分离到革兰阴性短杆菌。分离病原菌AS15对健康黑棘鲷的致病力结果显示,AS15腹腔注射可使健康黑棘鲷发病死亡,死亡黑棘鲷可出现自然发病症状,在(24±1)°C的条件下,(25±2) g黑棘鲷的半数致死浓度(LD_(50))为6.5×10~4 CFU/尾。经API 20E鉴定,分离菌株AS15生理生化特性与类杀鱼爱德华氏菌LADL05-105和迟缓爱德华氏菌典型菌ATCC15947相似度为86.2%,与杀鱼爱德华氏菌ET~T883的相似度为82.8%;AS15的16S rDNA与杀鱼爱德华氏菌ET~T883同源性达99%,gyrB与类杀鱼爱德华氏菌LADL05-105和杀鱼爱德华氏菌ETT883同源性分别为100%和98%;16S rDNA进化树显示,AS15与ETT883、LADL05-105聚为一簇,gyrB进化树与LADL05-105、NCIM2056聚为一簇;采用4种爱德华氏菌属种特异性引物对AS15进行PCR分析,结果显示,AS15可扩增出类杀鱼爱德华氏菌的种特异性片段,不能扩增出迟缓爱德华氏菌、鲇鱼爱德华氏菌、杀鱼爱德华氏菌的种特异性片段,表明AS15属类杀鱼爱德华氏菌成员。分析了AS15的菌毛基因、sodB等毒力基因,发现AS15具有fimA、fimB、fimC、fimD等4种菌毛基因和sodB、citC、esrB、mukF、katB等毒力基因。本实验首次从黑棘鲷上检出致病性类杀鱼爱德华氏菌,该菌对黑棘鲷的发病机制和毒力机理还需进一步研究。 相似文献
16.
Differences in taste and odour between three kinds of clam with the highest aquacultural production in China were investigated. Meretrix petechialis, Mactra veneriformis and Ruditapes philippinarum (fresh and dried product) were analysed firstly by electronic tongue and electronic nose. Fresh and dried clams could be easily distinguished, and there was little difference between uncooked fresh clams, while greater difference occurred between R. philippinarum and other fresh clams after cooking. The total free amino acid (FAA) content of uncooked clams increased after cooking but decreased in dried clam; the highest proportion was of sweet taste FAAs. Ala, Glu, Arg, 5′‐adenosine monophosphate and 5′‐inosine monophosphate were the most important active taste compounds. The umami intensity order was found to be fresh R. philippinarum, followed by M. petechialis and M. veneriformis, and finally dried R. philippinarum. The greatest number of volatile compounds was found in dried clam, while M. petechialis and M. veneriformis had the most compounds in common. 相似文献
17.
Survival, growth and yield of competent great scallop (Pecten maximus) larvae were investigated during a full production season in a commercial hatchery in western Norway. Broodstock were collected from natural scallop beds and 12 groups were induced to spawn during the period December 2002 to July 2003. Larvae were reared on a large scale in 36 flow-through tanks (3500 l) at 17±1 °C and continuously fed a mixture of five algal species produced in an indoor continuous-flow system. Large variations in larval performance between spawning groups and tanks were observed, but the results were as good as earlier results using the batch system and prophylactic addition of chloramphenicol. Growth from days 3–24 averaged 4.8 μm day−1±0.8 (sd) and survival 22.4%±21.8 (sd). Mean yield of day 3 larvae was 7.1%±10.0 (sd) and 26.6%±25.9 (sd) for those surviving to day 24. Yield was significantly correlated to larval survival. Larval success was related to initial larval density, algal concentration and season. It was found that the best production regime had an initial larval density lower than 6 ml−1 and algal concentration of less than 12 μl−1 regardless of season. Seventeen tanks met these criteria and produced a mean yield of 0.5 larvae ml−1 to settlement. Flow-through systems are currently regarded as the only feasible method for viable hatchery production of P. maximus larvae in Norway. 相似文献
18.
Bob Kennedy 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(4):1156-1167
The objective of this study was to understand the microbial flora associated with the hatchery system of giant fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii during an entire rearing cycle. Bacteriological and physico-chemical analysis was done for different samples of water, larvae, and Artemia. The total bacterial load in well water, seawater and inlet water varied from 101 to 105 cfu ml− 1 with higher counts seen in larval rearing tank (LRT) water. The Vibrio count ranged between 101 to 103 cfu ml− 1. Larval samples harboured a bacterial load of 106 to 107 cfu/10 larvae. The bacterial load in Artemia hatching water ranged from 4.90 × 104 to 5.63 × 106 cfu ml− 1 while Artemia had a load ranging from 1.08 × 107 to 2.09 × 109 cfu g− 1. Vibrio count in the LRT water ranged from 101-103 cfu ml− 1 while the count in larvae ranged from 102 to 104 cfu/10 larvae. The bacterial genera were predominantly Gram-negative and comprised of Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas spp., Vibrio spp. and Bacillus spp. and non-spore formers (NSF) were the dominant Gram-positive bacteria. This study documents the bacterial flora associated with Macrobrachium hatchery system during a regular normal run. Knowledge of the qualitative and quantitative aspects of bacterial flora in the hatchery would help to understand disturbances, if any, brought about during disease outbreaks. 相似文献
19.
Bacterial nutrition of great scallop, Pecten moximus, larvae was investigated using the radioactive tracer technique. The bacterial labelling was studied initially to obtain a high and stable specific radioactivity (14C) of bacterial cells. A higher bacterial specific 14C activity was obtained when the tracer (amino acid) was introduced in the culture medium at the beginning of the exponential growth phase. After a 12 h labelling period in a rich nutritive medium, the bacteria were depurated in seawater for 5 h (chase) to prevent further 14C excretion and then added to larval rearing vessels. The larval labelling was followed for 12 h and then larvae were placed in new vessels without radioactive bacteria. The depuration of larvae was followed for 3 days. Data obtained on ingestion and assimilation efficiency show that bivalve larvae are able to ingest and digest bacteria. 相似文献
20.
Colonization of the gut in first feeding turbot by bacterial strains added to the water or bioencapsulated in rotifers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Pavlos Makridis Anders Jon Fjellheim Jorunn Skjermo Olav Vadstein 《Aquaculture International》2000,8(5):367-380
Two bacterial strains, 4:44 and PB52, isolated from turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.) were used during a first feedingexperiment with turbot larvae. Bacteria were either added directly tothe water on the day of hatching of the larvae (day 0), orbioencapsulated in rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) distributedon day 2 after hatching. The two bacterial strains were found to bepresent in the water of the rearing tanks throughout the experiment. Theaddition of bacteria influenced the species-composition of themicroflora associated with intensively produced rotifers added to thetanks, and resulted in colonization of the gut of the larvae by theadded bacterial strains. The strain 4:44 showed a peak on day 9 afterhatching, and reached a mean(sem) of 2.5(1.4) × 104bacteria per larva, when added in a mixture with PB52, and 0.4(0.1)× 104 bacteria per larva, when added alone. The strainPB52, on day 12 after hatching, reached 5.2(1.5) × 104bacteria per larva when added in a mixture with strain 4:44, and12.5(0.7) × 104 bacteria per larva, when added alone.The added bacteria colonized the gut turbot larvae, whereas thebacterial land, the survival and growth of the larvae were in most casesnot influenced in a negative way by the addition of bacteria. 相似文献