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1.
长江口外海域夏末温跃层与底层水低氧现象研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
林军  闫庆  朱建荣  龚甫贤 《水产学报》2014,38(10):1747-1757
基于长江口外海域2009年夏末调查的温盐和溶解氧(DO)资料,采用垂向梯度法对夏末长江口外海域温度垂向结构类型进行划分,计算了温跃层深度、强度和温跃层处DO垂向梯度等参数。长江口外海域夏末水温垂向结构类型及其温跃层强度的分布表现为长江冲淡水、黄海沿岸流、台湾暖流表层暖水和台湾暖流深层冷水交汇、混合的态势。相关性分析表明,温跃层深度与温跃层处DO垂向梯度之间为负相关,温跃层深度与垂向最小DO浓度之间为正相关,温跃层强度与温跃层处DO垂向梯度之间为正相关。最接近DO供给源的上温跃层强度与温跃层处DO垂向梯度具有较强的相关性(r=0.69)。温跃层越浅、强度越大,对底层水低氧现象的影响越大。温跃层、特别是上温跃层引起的水体层化阻碍DO向底层输运,起到了物理隔氧的作用,与低氧现象具有紧密的联系,是低氧现象在长江口外海域从春末到秋季发生、发展、维持和消亡过程的重要环境控制因素。  相似文献   

2.
热带印度洋大眼金枪鱼渔场时空分布与温跃层关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了解印度洋大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)温跃层参数适宜分布区间及季节变化,采用Argo浮标剖面温度数据重构热带印度洋各月平均温跃层特征参数,并结合印度洋金枪鱼委员会(IOTC)大眼金枪鱼延绳钓渔业数据,本文绘制了月平均温跃层特征参数和月平均CPUE的空间叠加图,用于分析热带印度洋大眼金枪鱼渔场CPUE时空分布和温跃层特征参数的关系。结果表明,热带印度洋温跃层上界深度、温度和下界深度都具有明显的季节性变化,大眼金枪鱼中心渔场分布和温跃层季节性变化有关。夏季季风期间,高CPUE渔区温跃层上界深度在30~50 m,浅于冬季的50~70 m;温跃层上界温度范围为24~30℃。在冬季季风期间,高CPUE区域对应的温跃层上界温度范围为27~30℃;从马达加斯加岛北部沿非洲大陆至索马里附近海域,温跃层下界深度在170~200 m时的渔区CPUE普遍较高;当深度超过300 m时,CPUE值均非常低。采用频次分析和经验累积分布函数计算其最适温跃层特征参数分布,得出大眼金枪鱼最适温跃层的上界、下界温度范围分别是26~29℃和13~15℃;其上界、下界深度范围分别是30~60 m和140~170 m。文章初步得出印度洋大眼金枪鱼中心渔场温跃层各特征参数的适宜分布区间及季节变化特征,为金枪鱼实际生产作业和资源管理提供理论参考。  相似文献   

3.
The long-term behaviour of immature yellowtails, Seriola quinqueradiata , was studied using electronic data-recording tags in Sagami Bay, Japan, during the autumn and early winter. Temperature or depth data were continuously recorded for 5–69 days on six yellowtails. The temperature recorded from the 0-year-old yellowtails showed only small variations (<0.5°C day−1) around the SST on the coast, indicating the 0-years stayed in the immediate coastal area with little horizontal movement. The 1-year-old yellowtail showed larger temperature variations that reached 3°C day−1, which implies distinctly larger horizontal movements than the 0-year-olds. Depth records showed the 0-years stayed around 10 m while the 1-year yellowtail swam in deeper water (mainly 10–30 m) with large variations. The latter often dived to 40 m in the daytime, but shallower than the depth of the thermocline. Both temperature and depth records showed apparent diurnal patterns. Comparing the fish data with environmental conditions, it is suggested that 1-year yellowtails stay close to the coast during the night, move at dawn to feed in the daytime and return at dusk via a frontal zone. In addition, wind stress could change yellowtails' behaviour.  相似文献   

4.
A survey of yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares , fishing ground was carried out on board of the Chinese longliners from September 15 to December 12, 2005 in the tropical high seas of the Indian Ocean. The depth at which each yellowfin tuna was hooked was estimated using a stepwise regression analysis of theoretical hook depth and observed average hook depth measured using a temperature depth recorder. Water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll  a , dissolved oxygen and thermocline, which are important variables influencing yellowfin tuna habitats, were measured in the survey. Catch rates of yellowfin tuna were then analyzed with respect to depth, temperature, salinity, chlorophyll  a , dissolved oxygen and thermocline. We suggest that the optimum ranges of swimming depth, water temperature, chlorophyll  a and dissolved oxygen concentration for yellowfin tuna are 100.0–179.9 m, 15.0–17.9°C, 0.090–0.099  μ g L−1, 2.50–2.99 mg L−1, respectively; that salinity has less influence on the vertical distribution of adult yellowfin tuna; and that yellowfin tuna are mainly distributed within the thermocline in the high seas of the Indian Ocean. Our results match the yellowfin tuna's vulnerability to deep longline fishing gear well.  相似文献   

5.
The seasonal distribution of Morocco dentex (Dentex maroccanus) was investigated in relation to ocean environmental conditions in the NE Mediterranean Sea. Data were collected during a 2‐yr period (1996–1997) of quasi‐synoptic seasonal sampling using demersal trawl surveys. The study revealed evidence for the existence of environmental relationships and temporal habitat associations of Morocco dentex. The sea‐bottom salinity, the water depth (through its interaction with bottom salinity) and the spatial location appeared to be key determinants of distribution. There was a strong consistency in the pattern and significance of the observed relationships across all seasons. The present results provided direct support for a preferential seasonal aggregation of Morocco dentex in specific geographic and bathymetric regions of the study area. In all four seasons, these favourable regions were found to be relatively stable and distinct, had the highest catch‐per‐unit‐effort index, and were located over shallower grounds (50–70 m) having bottom salinity around 39.1. The current findings also indicated that, throughout the year, the species was confined below the thermocline and avoided the deeper waters (>80 m). Morocco dentex ecological preferences for certain sea‐bottom salinities, water depth zones and hydrographic regimes were suggested to contribute to the processes governing differential settlement to preferred grounds.  相似文献   

6.
2012年7月19～21日,9月14～16日及2013年5月12～14日,使用分裂波束科学鱼探仪（70 kHz）对辽宁省大伙房水库进行了鱼类资源声学调查,并选择上、中、下游站位进行了水文参数调查。分析库区内鱼类密度分布的季节变动,评估渔业资源现存量。结合水文参数讨论了鱼类垂直空间分布的季节变动。结果表明,春季鱼类主要在0～10m、夏季在5～15m、秋季在10～20m水层分布。不同季节的水平分布,春季鱼类呈小集群在库区均匀分布;夏季主要集中在上、中游;秋季主要集中在下游分布。库区水温和溶解氧（DO）随季节变化较大,鱼类分布受水温影响较大,主要在温跃层以浅水层分布。秋季库区水文条件相对其他季节稳定,无明显温跃层,鱼类回波成垂直分散状态,更适合声学调查和资源评估。9月库区资源现存量约为1 522t。  相似文献   

7.
ABSTRACT:   Sea water environmental conditions over annual cycles were investigated and compared between two oyster farming areas, western Hiroshima Bay and Oginohama Bay (a branch of Ishinomaki Bay) in Miyagi Prefecture, to appropriately manage oyster culture or more efficiently utilize farming areas. The environmental parameters of temperature, salinity, nutrient concentrations (NO2–N, NO3–N, NH4–N, PO4–P, and SiO2–Si) and size-fractionated chlorophyll- a (<0.2, 2–20, >20µm), and abundances of microzooplankton were measured in each bay at the surface, and 2 and 5 m depth layers. Differences in the annual mean values and results with monthly paired Student's t -tests showed that salinity was lower, and temperature, nutrient (especially PO4–P) and chlorophyll- a concentrations, and abundance of microzooplankton, were higher in Hiroshima Bay than in Oginohama Bay. Differences in environmental conditions between inshore and offshore areas of each bay suggest that inflows of river water in western Hiroshima Bay and sea water from offshore had the most significant effects on the environmental conditions. It is concluded that such oceanographic and biological differences strongly affect the oyster farming system, especially regarding the optimum usage of offshore areas in Summer under clean, cold and stable seawater conditions, rather than food quantity in Hiroshima Bay, and under more abundant food conditions in Oginohama Bay.  相似文献   

8.
We tested the hypothesis that yield of the mussel Perna canaliculus (Gmelin 1791) could be increased by placing culture ropes deep into the water column to take advantage of deep‐water chlorophyll a maxima. The study site, in Pelorus Sound, New Zealand, showed periods of thermal stratification of the water column, causing a high concentration of phytoplankton in deeper water, at the thermocline. Mussels were grown simultaneously at 5 and 17 m, for up to 96 days. Mussel growth and condition index data showed no significant differences between the two depth treatments, indicating that in this system there may not be substantial mussel productivity benefits from lowering mussel farms to the deep‐water chlorophyll maximum layer.  相似文献   

9.
ABSTRACT:   Vertical profiles of water quality were surveyed before and after mass mortality of fish cultured in cages in Lake Cirata, a man made lake in Indonesia. The first survey was performed 4 months before the mass mortality and the second survey was carried out 4 days after the mass mortality. In the first survey, the conditions below 8 m depth were reductive and anoxic, although at 8 and 10 m depth, the water became oxidative in spite of low oxygen concentration in the second survey. These changes were probably caused by strong mixing of surface water with deeper water. Eight months after the mass mortality, when the redox potential at 8 m became reductive again, exposure tests of fish were performed in different layers in the water column around the cage. During the exposure tests the redox potential of the water was less than −100 mV and 93% of carp died within 6 h of exposure at 8 m depth. These results indicated that the mass mortality was caused by the strong mixing of surface water with reductive water in deeper layers.  相似文献   

10.
A better understanding of the relationships between oceanic environments and fishing conditions could make the utilization of fish more efficient, profitable, and sustainable. The current lack of high‐precision subsurface seawater information has long been a constraint on fishery research. Using near‐real‐time Argo observations, this paper presents a new approach called gradient‐dependent optimal interpolation. This approach provides daily subsurface oceanic environmental information according to fishery dates and locations. An experiment was conducted in the western and central Pacific Ocean using yellowfin tuna (YFT) catch data in August 2017. The results of seawater temperature and salinity represented differences of less than ±0.5°C and ±0.05, respectively, according to verification of error analysis and truth‐finding comparisons. After applying the constructed temperature and salinity profiles, we described the relationship between subsurface information and yellowfin tuna catch distribution. Statistical analysis revealed that yellowfin tuna were more adapted to warmer and saltier seawater. At the near‐surface (<5 m), the most suitable temperature was 28–29°C, although yellowfin tuna can endure a temperature range from 11 to 12°C at a depth of 300 m. The corresponding upper boundary of the thermocline was approximately 75 m, with a mean strength of 0.074°C/m, and the most suitable salinity for yellowfin tuna was 34.5–36.0 at depths shallower than 300 m. These results indicated that the constructed subsurface information was very close to the true values and they had high spatial and temporal accuracy.  相似文献   

11.
为了解南极大磷虾(Euphausia superba Dana)行为变化规律,基于2017年3月25日—4月3日在南奥克尼群岛海域43个站位点收集的声学和CTD数据,提取250 m以浅水层南极大磷虾群的深度和对应的温、盐信息,分析不同光照条件下南极大磷虾昼夜垂直分布特征。结果显示:黎明时段(6∶00—8∶00)磷虾群分布较分散,20～60 m(35.72%)和200 m以深(33.65%)虾群相对较多;白天时段(8∶00—16∶00)磷虾群则较多分布在40～120 m(58.52%)水层,多聚集在温跃层(54.55%)和盐跃层(63.64%)内;黄昏时段(16∶00—18∶00),温盐跃层内虾群减少;夜间时段(18∶00—次日6∶00)磷虾群主要分布在20～40 m(49.55%)和180 m以深(31.51%)两个水层,多聚集在温跃层(75%)和盐跃层(70%)外。本研究结果有助于进一步了解南极大磷虾的迁徙规律和资源分布。  相似文献   

12.
Movement patterns of 17 bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) near the Azores Islands were analyzed between April and May 2001 and 2002 using pop‐up satellite archival tags. Despite short attachment durations (1 to 21 days, 8.2 days on average), their vertical movements revealed much shallower distribution of bigeye tuna in comparison with previous studies in the tropical Pacific and tropical Atlantic. Depth and temperature histograms were unimodal, although overall depth distribution during the day was deeper than during the night due to daily incursions in deeper waters. Although generalized additive models showed significant non‐linear relationships with weight of the fish and sea level anomaly (as a proxy for variability of thermocline depth), the effect of these variables on bigeye depth appeared minor, suggesting that vertical movements of bigeye in the Azores during the spring migration may be influenced by food availability in upper water layers.  相似文献   

13.
Electronically tagged juvenile Pacific bluefin, Thunnus orientalis, were released off Baja California in the summer of 2002. Time‐series data were analyzed for 18 fish that provided a record of 380 ± 120 days (mean ± SD) of ambient water and peritoneal cavity temperatures at 120 s intervals. Geolocations of tagged fish were estimated based on light‐based longitude and sea surface temperature‐based latitude algorithms. The horizontal and vertical movement patterns of Pacific bluefin were examined in relation to oceanographic conditions and the occurrence of feeding events inferred from thermal fluctuations in the peritoneal cavity. In summer, fish were located primarily in the Southern California Bight and over the continental shelf of Baja California, where juvenile Pacific bluefin use the top of the water column, undertaking occasional, brief forays to depths below the thermocline. In autumn, bluefin migrated north to the waters off the Central California coast when thermal fronts form as the result of weakened equatorward wind stress. An examination of ambient and peritoneal temperatures revealed that bluefin tuna fed during this period along the frontal boundaries. In mid‐winter, the bluefin returned to the Southern California Bight possibly because of strong downwelling and depletion of prey species off the Central California waters. The elevation of the mean peritoneal cavity temperature above the mean ambient water temperature increased as ambient water temperature decreased. The ability of juvenile bluefin tuna to maintain a thermal excess of 10°C occurred at ambient temperatures of 11–14°C when the fish were off the Central California coast. This suggests that the bluefin maintain peritoneal temperature by increasing heat conservation and possibly by increasing internal heat production when in cooler waters. For all of the Pacific bluefin tuna, there was a significant correlation between their mean nighttime depth and the visible disk area of the moon.  相似文献   

14.
为利用海洋中贝类幼虫资源,优化虾夷扇贝、紫贻贝采苗技术,在旅顺黄海沿岸虾夷扇贝采苗海区投放贝类采苗器,位置距离水面分别为2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10 m,共设9组;贝类采苗器投放40 d,观察2~10 m水层虾夷扇贝及紫贻贝附苗数量,研究贝类采苗器投放水层对虾夷扇贝和紫贻贝附苗的影响。结果显示:在设定水深范围内,虾夷扇贝附着数量随着水层深度增加逐渐增多,6 m以下水层虾夷扇贝附着数量多,差异不显著;贻贝附着数量随着水层深度增加而减少,在5 m以上水层附着数量多,差异不显著,5 m以下水层附着数量急剧减少。因此,采集贻贝苗种利用5 m以上水层效果好,尤其是2~3 m水层,如果采集虾夷扇贝苗种可以利用6 m以下水层。  相似文献   

15.
针对近江牡蛎养殖中自动化程度低、成本高等问题,提出一种基于云空间设计近江牡蛎养殖监控系统。以STM32F103为底层控制核心,通过YS8166B、SIN-D0530和超声波模块实时采集海水的p H、溶氧(DO)、温度和深度,并通过nRF24L01以无线方式发送到上位机。上位机采用C#多线程通信程序与云空间进行交互。系统采用ASP动态技术云空间,通过轻量级数据交换格式JSON与上位机、用户进行快速通信,利用AJAX实现无刷新显示。用户通过智能手机可以随时随地访问云空间,掌握养殖现场的实时信息,并结合云空间嵌入的本地天气信息,对浮排电机、增氧机、投饲机进行远程控制。结果表明:系统具有成本低廉、稳定可靠、响应快速等优点。基于云空间的监控系统为近江牡蛎养殖智能化提供了一种新方法。  相似文献   

16.
SUMMARY: The vertical distribution of dwarf ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis in the pelagic waters of Lake Biwa was evaluated from June to September in 1995–97 from eight acoustic surveys using a quantitative echosounder. In each survey, echoes from a depth range of 3 m to the sea bottom were collected at a station every 2.7 s for 24 h together with measurements of vertical profiles of water temperature and chlorophyll-a. The ayu's echoes were identified using an underwater video camera. The ayu were observed near the maximum chlorophyll-a depth and above the thermocline. Their density was highest at depths of 4–11 m with 2–4 individuals/m 3 and was almost zero below 20 m. Echo signs were recorded as having a frequent duration of more than 1 h at night, whereas were of a shorter duration in the day. The fish stay in the epilimnion during the day without any clear vertical migration, but are distributed more uniformly at night. The advantages of remaining in the epilimnion are discussed in terms of food availability and predator avoidance.  相似文献   

17.
基于2001-2017年博斯腾湖流域MODIS积雪信息,探究不同海拔积雪分布及其与海拔高度、温度和降水的关系,可为新疆地区河流水资源分配利用提供数据支持,对我国气候和生态环境安全保障有重要作用。结果表明:(1)博斯腾湖流域2001-2017年的月平均积雪覆盖年内呈"V"型变化,其中春季和夏季呈减少趋势,7月的积雪覆盖率全年最低。(2)空间分布上,海拔1 500 m以下区域积雪日数为100 d以下;海拔1 500～4 000 m的区域积雪日数增加到200 d以上;海拔4 000 m以上积雪日数增加到360 d左右。(3)博斯腾湖流域年均积雪、海拔和地表温度(LST)之间的关系表明,积雪日数和DEM之间呈正相关关系,与地表温度呈负相关关系。(4)地表温度与积雪呈负相关关系,以春季的负相关性最强;降水与积雪呈正相关关系,以夏季的正相关性最强。(5)博斯腾湖流域积雪变化以降水为主驱动区域占总面积的24.86%,以LST为主驱动区域占总面积的2.08%,以LST和降水为共同强驱动区域占总面积的1.32%,以LST、降水为共同弱驱动区域占总面积的4.29%;非气候因子驱动区影响因素随着海拔的升高而增加。博斯腾湖流域积雪时空分布变异不仅是受气候变化的影响,还受海拔高度差异等因素的共同作用。  相似文献   

18.
西北太平洋公海7~9月秋刀鱼渔场分布及其与水温的关系   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  
根据2003~2005年7~9月西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼生产数据和水温遥感数据,对西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼作业渔场分布及其与表温和上层水温结构的关系进行了分析。结果认为,随着时间的推移,7~9月西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼渔场重心有从西南向东北变动的趋势;各月产量重心处水温结构有较大差异,9月混合层深度较7月和8月有所加深,渔场也较后者向北移动;各月高产渔区0~15m温度梯度都在0.25℃/m以下,0~40m温度梯度在0.1℃/m左右,40~60m温度梯度在0.25~0.42℃/m之间。灰色关联度分析表明,渔区月产量受到众多因素的影响,其中捕捞努力量、渔区平均日产量和表温是其主要影响因子,对渔区平均日产量影响较大的有表温、0~15m温度梯度、0~40m温度梯度和月份,其关联度都在0.80以上。  相似文献   

19.
大鹏澳海水鱼类网箱养殖对水环境的影响   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9  
根据2001~2002年对大亚湾大鹏澳海水鱼类网箱养殖海域水环境的监测资料,分析讨论了网箱养殖对水环境的影响。结果表明,该海域水环境质量较好,除夏季溶解氧(DO)和春季的硫化物浓度超第二类海水水质标准情况较严重外(超标率均为62.5%),其他水环境因子一般不超标。养殖区DO和叶绿素a(Chla)浓度均显著低于对照区(t-test,P<0.05),而NH4-N和PO4-P浓度则一般高于对照区,其他水环境因子的空间分布差异不大。海水CODMn、BOD5和硫化物主要与网箱养鱼生产季节性强的特点有关;而水温、盐度、透明度、悬浮物、DO和pH的季节变化主要受控于大亚湾亚热带季风气候,NO2-N、NO3-N、DIN、PO4-P和SiO4-Si等营养因子的季节变化主要受降雨和浮游植物的影响,Chla的季节变化则主要受水温和N:P比的影响,与网箱养鱼的关系并不明显。  相似文献   

20.
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