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盐度对鱼类的影响及鱼类的渗透压调节机制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
自上世纪50年代末开始,盐度一直是鱼类生理学和实验生物学的重要指标.盐度是影响鱼类生长代谢等各种生理活动的重要环境因素,其变化迫使鱼类自身通过一系列生理变化,来调整体内外渗透压的动态平衡,致使其生长存活与摄食、呼吸代谢、酶和激素水平与胚胎发育等相关生理指标产生相应变化. 相似文献
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养殖鱼类对水质胁迫的生理响应特征研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《江西水产科技》2019,(4)
鱼类是容易受水质影响的低等变温动物。不同强度的水质因子胁迫对养殖鱼类的生长发育、生理机能、氧化应激、免疫应答产生不同程度的抑制作用。本文对近年来国内外关于养殖鱼类应对温度、盐度、pH、溶氧、氨氮、亚硝酸盐六种主要水质因子胁迫的生理响应特征的研究进展进行综述,以期为鱼类集约化健康养殖技术的完善提供指导。 相似文献
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在静水系统中,骤然改变水体盐度,形成盐度脉冲;研究许氏平鲉Sebastodes fuscescens(Houttuyn)经历该脉冲后其氨氮、活性磷酸盐排泄的情况。结果表明,盐度改变后,许氏平鲉的氨氮排泄率比正常盐度(30)下呈现出不同程度的升高趋势;当盐度由30降为25和20时,随着体重增加,氨氮排泄率先增大,后又减小;当盐度由30上升为35时,氨氮排泄率随体重增加而呈下降趋势。盐度改变后,许氏平鲉的活性磷酸盐排泄率随体重增大呈先增大后减小的趋势。在同一体重下,盐度由30降至20时,活性磷酸盐的排泄率最大;盐度由30升至35时,磷的排泄率最小。方差分析表明,盐度脉冲对许氏平鲉氨氮排泄率有显著的影响(P<0.05),对活性磷酸盐排泄率的影响不显著(P>0.05)。该研究对于鱼类养殖的水质管理、养殖场的布设等有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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海洋鱼、虾、贝类的生物活性肽研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
肽与蛋白质是海洋生物中含量极其丰富的生理活性物质,近年来的研究表明,海洋生物活性肽具有特殊的生理活性,诸如免疫、抗肿瘤、抗高血压、抗血脂、抗菌和促生长等生理活性。本文就鱼类活性肽中的鲨肝肽、鲨鱼多肽、鱼精蛋白肽、鱼类抗菌肽、鱼类抗高血压肽,虾类活性肽以及贝类中的扇贝多肽和贻贝肽的生物活性研究概况作一简述。为该领域研发海洋保健食品和功能性食品提供参考。 相似文献
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盐碱和pH对鱼类生长和发育的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
＂以渔改碱＂是开发利用我国约6.9×108km2低洼盐碱水域的有效途径。水体中的盐度过高会显著影响鱼类的渗透压调节、能量收支、生长发育、组织功能以及血浆电解质浓度等;碱度过高会引起＂碱病＂和多种异常生理、生化而迅速死亡。盐碱和pH对鱼类理化的影响还有协同作用,盐碱过高时对鱼产生联合毒性作用,pH值升高时同样也会加剧这种作用。本文综述了盐碱和pH对鱼类的理化影响、毒性作用等,探讨了鱼类在盐碱水中的生长机制,以期为盐碱水域的开发利用提供基础资料。 相似文献
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氮代谢是鱼类生理学领域研究的热点问题之一,当前对盐碱等特殊生境下鱼类氮废物的排泄机制仍不清晰。氨和尿素是鱼类氮排泄的主要形式,氮排泄主要受盐度、碱度、温度、摄食、运动等多种因素的影响。根据近年来国内外对鱼类氮排泄的研究进展,就鱼类氮代谢中氨和尿素排泄的一般规律、影响鱼类氮排泄的主要因素及盐碱水环境中鱼类独特氮代谢途径进行了归纳和总结,并提出了未来的研究重点。氮排泄机制的转变是鱼类适应盐碱环境的重要生理途径,我国拥有大量的盐碱水域和盐碱土著鱼类,开展盐碱土著鱼类氮排泄研究,揭示盐碱水环境中鱼类氮排泄机制,将为鱼类耐盐碱机制的揭示提供基础数据。 相似文献
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长江口青草沙水库正式供水前的鱼类群落结构特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为研究上海青草沙水库的鱼类物种组成、多样性及其空间变化,2010年7--10月在该水库共捕获鱼类993尾,隶属5目,18种,其中淡水鲤形目鱼类最多,占总物种数的72.2％.群落优势种为贝氏(鳖)、刀鲚、鲫、光泽黄颡鱼.聚类分析表明,鱼类群落类型存在较显著的空间差异,刺网网目大小对渔获物物种组成有较显著的影响.物种多样性与丰富度和均匀度均显著正相关,但更多地受丰富度的影响.单因素方差分析表明,鱼类物种多样性在空间上无显著差异.4种摄食功能群中,无脊椎动物食性(44.4％)和杂食性(33.3％)鱼类物种数比例较高;4种生态类群中,定居性鱼类占绝对优势(77.8％).青草沙水库鱼类群落表现出淡水或长江口低盐淡水区鱼类区系的主要特征,与以近海鲈形目鱼类为优势的长江口邻近水域的鱼类群落差异巨大,推测水库建设导致的隔离与盐度下降是形成该水库鱼类群落趋于淡水区系的主要原因. 相似文献
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Eric D. H. Durieux Thomas B. Farver Patrick S. Fitzgerald Kai J. Eder David J. Ostrach 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2011,37(1):21-29
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity is one of the most common biomarkers of neurotoxicity used in aquatic organisms. However,
compared to its extensive use as biomarker, the effects of natural factors on AChE activity remain unclear especially in estuarine
fishes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of natural factors on AChE activity of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) juveniles. Brain AChE activity was measured in YOY (Young-Of-Year) individuals collected monthly from August 2007 to January
2008 at 12 different sites in the San Francisco Estuary system. The spatio-temporal variability of AChE was analyzed relative
to water temperature and salinity as well as fish size. AChE activity was highly positively correlated with water temperature
and to a lesser extent negatively with fish size while no relationship was detected with salinity. Taking into account these
natural factors when using AChE as a biomarker will help to determine and understand the effects of neurotoxic contaminants
on fish in estuarine systems. 相似文献
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为了研究盐度对褐点石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)♀×清水石斑鱼(Epinephelus polyphekadion)♂杂交后代(简称杂交石斑鱼)受精卵孵化、卵黄囊仔鱼形态及活力的影响,将杂交石斑鱼受精卵置于不同盐度水体中,观察盐度胁迫下卵径、油球径、孵化率及畸形率,以及孵化后卵黄囊仔鱼形态变化和活力状况。结果表明,在本研究条件下,受精卵卵径随盐度降低而增大,油球径不随盐度变化而变化。在盐度18~36范围内均能孵化仔鱼,但因盐度不同孵化率和初孵仔鱼畸形率有显著差异(P0.05);随盐度升高,孵化率呈先升后降的变化,初孵仔鱼畸形率则相反。盐度24~36组孵化后3 d仔鱼卵黄囊几乎完全消耗,组间无显著差异(P0.05)。在盐度24~36范围内,随着盐度的增加,仔鱼的不投饵存活系数(SAI值)呈先升后降的变化曲线;盐度30~33范围内,初孵仔鱼SAI值大于5;5日龄仔鱼全部死亡,半数死亡时间出现在孵化后3.5 d。综上分析表明,该杂交石斑鱼受精卵孵化及仔鱼培育的适宜盐度范围为24~36,最适盐度范围为30~33。 相似文献
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Makoto Terazaki Prapan Tharnbuppa Yashima Nakayama 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1980,19(3):235-242
The chief predatory fishes found in shrimp culture ponds in Thailand are Tilapia mossambica, Lates calcarifer, Scatophagus argus, Eluetheronema tetradactylum, Goviupterus chuno, Mystus sp., and other gobies. The eradication of predators, mostly fishes, is necessary for good management of any shrimp farm. Tea seed grown in northern Thailand has been used for this purpose. Quantitative analysis of crude saponin in the tea seed was conducted and some biological tests on the toxicity of crude saponin to fish were performed.The effective dosage of crude saponin for the eradication of predatory fishes was 1.1 ppm, but shrimp, crabs, copepoda, rotifers and brine shrimp (Crustacea) all survived this concentration. The lethal time for fishes increased in proportion to their body weight and the salinity of the pond. The toxicity of the saponin weakened with time. 相似文献
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The effects of exposure to water of different salinities and calcium concentrations, and to various backgrounds and illuminations on somatolactin (SL) levels in juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) were investigated using a recently developed red drum SL radioimmunoassay. Plasma SL concentrations were also monitored in wild-caught Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) during gonadal recrudescence. No correlations were obtained between plasma SL concentrations and different salinities, external calcium concentrations or reproductive condition in these sciaenid fishes. Plasma SL concentrations remained low (<1 ng ml-1) in red drum 1h, 1 day and 1 week after exposure to full strength seawater (salinity 37%, calcium 1290 ppm), half strength seawater (salinity 18%, calcium 744 ppm), fresh water (salinity 1%, calcium 260 ppm) or soft water (salinity 0%, calcium 0 ppm). Circulating levels of SL did not change significantly in wild-caught croaker at the onset of vitellogenesis. However, by the end of ovarian recrudescence (late-yolk globule stage), plasma SL levels were significantly lower than those observed in females with immature (perinucleolar) oocytes. In contrast, plasma SL levels showed marked differences in red drum exposed to various backgrounds and illuminations. Plasma SL was lower in red drum kept in a light background (<1 ng ml-1) than in those kept in a black background or in the dark (1.4-6.9 ng ml-1). The highest plasma SL concentration (4–30 ng ml-1) was obtained in red drum kept in a black background without illumination. These results suggest that SL is involved in the adaptation of the red drum to various backgrounds and illumination levels. SL may not have an important role during the reproductive cycle and adaptation to water of different salinities and calcium concentrations in sciaenid fishes. 相似文献
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盐度对杂交东方鲀存活和摄食的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用盐度骤变和渐变的方法,研究了盐度0、5‰、10‰、15‰、20‰、25‰、30‰、35‰、40‰、45‰、50‰、55‰、60‰共13个梯度对菊黄东方鲀(♀)×红鳍东方鲀(♂)杂交F1代存活和摄食的影响。研究表明,盐度从30‰骤变到15‰～50‰时,杂交F1存活率最高,显著高于盐度0、5‰、10‰、55‰和60‰梯度的存活率(P<0.05),其中盐度10‰的梯度中杂交F1代存活率约为33.3%,而盐度0、5‰、55‰和60‰梯度的存活率均低于1%;盐度5‰～50‰为杂交F1可摄食盐度,其中20‰～35‰是最佳摄食盐度。盐度渐变时,盐度5‰～50‰梯度中杂交F1代存活率最高,显著高于盐度0、55‰和60‰梯度的存活率(P<0.05),其中盐度0的梯度中杂交F1代存活率最低,约为12%;盐度0～60‰为杂交F1可摄食盐度,其中盐度20‰、25‰、30‰、35‰和40‰时,杂交F1摄食率无显著差异,在盐度30‰时摄食量和摄食率均达到最大。表明,菊黄东方鲀(♀)×红鳍东方鲀(♂)杂交F1代是广盐性鱼类,对盐度适应能力较强,而且适应盐度渐变的能力强于盐度骤变。 相似文献
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北江鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为详细了解北江鱼类群落结构,于2014年3月-2016年2月对北江鱼类资源进行了每月一次的野外调查。结果显示:共采集鱼类77种,隶属于8目16科56属。其中鲤形目44种,占总数的57.1%;鲈形目10种,占总数的13.0%;鲇形目8种,占总数的10.3%;其余的鳉形目、合鳃鱼目、鲱形目、鲑形目和鲻形目种数均少于5种。在全部77种鱼类中,只有(Hemiculter leucisculus)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)和鲮(Cirrhina molitorella)三种鱼类属于年度优势种。典型对应分析(CCA)显示,水温(Tem)、溶氧量(DO)和盐度(Sal)是影响北江鱼类群落结构季节变化的主要环境因子。 相似文献
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本文报道2001－2005年断斑石鲈人工育苗的初步研究结果。在水温23－30.5℃、海水盐度27－32,pH值7.8－8.9的条件下,初孵仔鱼经27日龄－39日龄变态为幼鱼,全长达24－46mm;2001年、2002年及2005年先后培育出幼鱼27006尾、62000尾及240008尾,育苗成活率分别为6%、13.8%和26.9%。文中还介绍了饵料系列、鱼苗生长与发育及形态观察研究结果。 相似文献
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Estuaries are unstable ecosystems and can be changed by the environmental and anthropogenic impact. The Murray Estuary and Coorong were degraded by drought and low freshwater input in the last decade and therefore transformed into the largest hyper-saline lagoon in Australia. This study evaluates the physiological stress of two estuarine fish species (small-mouthed hardyhead Atherinosoma microstoma and Tamar goby Afurcagobius tamarensis) to the induced salinity change in captivity. The test fishes were collected from the Coorong and transported to the laboratory in the water from the Coorong. Each fish species was exposed to different levels of salinity, and a number of enzymes were assessed to measure the stress response of fish to salinity change. The activity of reactive oxygen species was significantly increased with the salinity change in both fish species compared with the fish in the control. Significant salinity effect on superoxide dismutase activity was observed on Tamar goby but not on small-mouthed hardyhead. Conversely, the impact of salinity on catalase activity was detected on small-mouthed hardyhead but not on Tamar goby. The study reveals that the induction of physical stress by salinity changes occurred in both Tamar goby and small-mouthed hardyhead despite the varying response of antioxidant enzymes between fish species. The study provides an insight into the understanding of physiological adaptation in estuarine fish to salinity change. The results could improve our knowledge on stress response and resilience of estuarine fish to hypo- and hyper-salinity stress. 相似文献
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南海北部大陆架鱼种组群初步分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
根据南海北部大陆架水深40—200米范围内200网次底拖网鱼类调查资料,计算125个鱼种在采样中同时出现的 Jaccard 群落系数,用聚类分析导出8个组群。分析鱼种组群格局与环境因素之间关系的结果表明,组群中所包含的鱼种具有相似的环境需求特性,从而按组群概括阐述了各鱼种的环境适应特点和分布区域。优势鱼种组群对环境的适应范围广,分布遍及整个调查海区。其余各组群的形成与一定的环境条件相联系,并沿等深线分布在特定水深范围内。陆架外缘环境因素的明显变化,成为大多数陆架鱼种分布的阻限。本研究还以鱼种组群为基础对群落格局作了反相分析。 相似文献