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在实验车间内利用120L的塑料箱作为实验容器,采用自溶面包酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)作为单细胞藻的辅助饵料,研究其在马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii Dunker)育苗中的饵料效果,以期解决该贝育苗过程饵料供应不稳定、易培饵料品种小球藻(Chlorella sp.)利用率低的问题。研究结果表明:(1)在温度(30.0±0.5)℃、NaCl质量分数3%、pH6.5～7.0的自溶条件下,用经过18h自溶的酵母投喂D形幼虫,其平均日壳长增长率显著高于其他自溶时间酵母投喂组效果,单独投喂非自溶酵母时D形幼虫不能存活;(2)D形幼虫期单投自溶酵母,幼虫成活率与金藻组没有显著差异(P>0.05),生长速度比金藻组提高8%(P<0.05),说明自溶酵母可以完全替代湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis Hu﹠Liu),但在壳顶幼虫期和稚贝期单投自溶酵母不能使幼虫和稚贝正常发育和存活;(3)壳顶幼虫期及眼点幼虫至稚贝期投喂"自溶酵母 小球藻(Chlorella sp.)"或"自溶酵母 扁藻[Platymonas subcordiformis(Wille)]",其生长速度及存活率或稚贝育成率均显著高于单投扁藻或小球藻(P<0.05),单投小球藻的饵料效果最差;(4)自溶酵母与小球藻混投对眼点幼虫至稚贝培育效果较单独投喂影响显著,可显著(P<0.05)提高稚贝的育成率、生长速度和耐干露能力。研究表明,使用自溶酵母可以优化马氏珠母贝健康苗种规模繁育中的饵料供应工艺及提高易培饵料品种小球藻的利用价值,从而提高该贝育苗效果。 相似文献
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尖紫蛤壳顶幼虫适宜饵料的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究尖紫蛤壳顶幼虫适宜饵料种类和投喂浓度,选用5组微藻做为饵料,研究其对尖紫蛤(Soletellina acuta Cai et Zhuang)壳顶幼虫生长和存活的影响。5组微藻分别是A组微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata sp.),B组亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformi),C组湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis)+亚心形扁藻,D组绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)+亚心形扁藻,E组小球藻(Chlorella sp.)+亚心形扁藻。单因素方差分析表明:A组饵料效果为最好;B组和C组的饵料效果次之,E组和D组的饵料效果较差;不同饵料种类下,A组壳顶幼虫有最大生长和存活率;不同饵料浓度下,A组的最适投喂浓度是12 000个/(mL.d),C组的最适投喂浓度是5 000+5 000个/(mL.d)。A组和C组获得了较高的生长速率和成活率,可做为尖紫蛤壳顶幼虫适宜的饵料。 相似文献
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珍珠与珍珠蚌内壳珍珠层具有相似的形成机制,已发现珍珠颜色与供片蚌内壳色显著相关。该研究以紫色、金色、白色3种色系三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)为对象,设置β-胡萝卜素补充实验组和对照组,养殖90d后比较分析了不同色系三角帆蚌内壳色、组织总类胡萝卜素含量(TCC)及生长变化。结果表明,实验组紫色三角帆蚌内壳色较对照组色差值(dE)提高了21.48%(P0.05),明度值(L~*)降低了15.72%(P0.05),色度值(a~*)从0.48升至2.67 (P0.05),色度值(b~*)未见显著变化(P0.05);实验组金色三角帆蚌内壳色较对照组a~*从0.07升至1.52 (P0.05),b~*从1.37升至4.43 (P0.05),dE和L~*未见显著变化(P0.05);实验组白色三角帆蚌内壳色各参数较对照组均未见显著变化(P0.05)。3种色系三角帆蚌实验组肝胰腺TCC均大于对照组(P0.05);紫色和金色实验组外套膜TCC较对照组分别提高了55.29%和39.69%(P0.05),白色实验组较对照组未见显著变化(P0.05)。实验组3种色系三角帆蚌各生长性状均大于对照组(P0.05)。研究结果证实补充β-胡萝卜素可提升三角帆蚌的内壳色和促进生长,为珍珠养殖技术优化提供理论依据。 相似文献
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在水温23~26℃,盐度32‰条件下,研究了几种饵料单独投喂及混合投喂对分叉小猛水蚤(Tisbe furcata)生殖量的影响,以探索培育该蚤适合的饵料品种及投喂方式。结果表明,饵料品种中,两种金藻(球等鞭金藻3011和Sarcinochrysis marina Geitler)不适合作为分叉小猛水蚤的饵料;两种硅藻(小新月菱形藻和多枝舟形藻)及代用饵料可以作为分叉小猛水蚤的饵料,但需要与亚心形扁藻混合投喂才能取得理想效果;亚心形扁藻最适合作为分叉小猛水蚤的饵料,与硅藻、金藻或代用饵料混合投喂效果均非常理想。投喂方式总的来说是混合投喂优于单独投喂,各种饵料单独投喂时均不能取得非常理想的效果,混合投喂时混有亚心形扁藻的任何组合都取得了非常理想的效果。 相似文献
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文章采用湛江叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria zhanjiangensis)、纤细角毛藻(Chaetoceros gracilis)、绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)、扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)及混合藻(金藻和角毛藻1∶1混合)投喂紫海胆(Anthocidaris crassispina),研究了微藻饵料对紫海胆浮游幼体生长发育的影响。结果表明,不同饵料对紫海胆浮游幼体生长发育的效果有差异,金藻是最佳饵料品种,角毛藻次之,其后分别为巴夫藻、小球藻和混合藻,扁藻不适于作为紫海胆浮游幼体的开口饵料。就饵料种类而言,金藻作为紫海胆浮游幼体饵料的成活率可达(23.12±1.8)%,显著高于其他单胞藻类(P<0.05)。就发育速度而言,以角毛藻和金藻混合喂食的海胆浮游幼体整体发育速度最快,幼体平均体长为(885.25±30.49)μm,显著高于其他5种处理(P<0.05);投喂巴夫藻的浮游幼体前期生长较慢,体长为(337.98±24.56)μm,后期较其他单胞藻类生长快,体长可达(580±32.95)μm,适宜作为紫海胆浮游幼体后期饵料。 相似文献
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4种单胞藻对卤虫生长和生殖影响的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以亚心形扁藻、小球藻、湛江等鞭金藻、绿色巴夫藻为饵料,卤虫为投喂对象,建立五个实验组分别进行研究,观察不同饵料对卤虫生长和生殖的影响,结果表明:投喂亚心形扁藻的卤虫生长最快,成活率高,生殖量也最多,其次为绿色巴夫藻组,湛江等鞭金藻的饵料效果最差.混合4种单胞藻投喂的效果也较好. 相似文献
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报导了不同密度、饵料对缢蛏浮游幼体阶段生长速度及成活率的影响.不同密度共设五组,每组设一个平行组,各组密度分别为3、6、9、12、15个/mL;不同饵料共设五组,每组设一个平行组,饵料各组分别为金藻、新月菱形藻、角毛藻、海水小球藻、混合藻.结果表明,在水温23～24℃,经5d培养,不同密度组各组成活率无显著差异.壳高日生长密度为3个/mL组与其他各组之间有显著差异,其他四个密度组之间无显著差异.在不同饵料组壳高日生长中,角毛藻组与其他各组之间差异极显著.新月菱形藻、海水小球藻、混合藻组与金藻组差异极显著.新月菱形藻、海水小球藻、混合藻三组之间无显著差异.日生长最快为角毛藻组24.84 μm/d,最慢为金藻组16.14μm/d.不同饵料成活率金藻组最高为57.77％,最低为海水小球藻组31.1％. 相似文献
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H. Qiao H. Wang Z. Song J. Ma B. Li X. Liu S. Zhang J. Wang L. Zhang 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2014,20(6):646-653
Replacing dietary fish oil with DHA‐rich microalgae Schizochytrium sp. and EPA‐rich microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was examined. Three experimental isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets with lipid source provided by 50% fish oil (F50S50), 50% (M50F25S25) and 100% microalgae raw material (M100) respectively were compared with a soybean oil (S100) diet as control. Triplicate groups of olive flounder juveniles (16.5 ± 0.91 g) were fed the experimental diets, and a group was fed the control diets for 8 weeks in a recirculation system. Results showed feed efficiency and growth performance were not significantly changed when fish oil (FO) was totally substituted by soybean oil (SO) or microalgae raw material (MRM). The whole‐body composition, lipid content of liver and muscle, and lipid composition of plasma were not significantly influenced by the total substitution of FO by MRM. The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content of muscle and liver declined in fish fed S100 diet, whereas it was not significantly reduced in fish fed M50F25S25 and M100 diets. The total substitution of FO by MRM not only maintained the levels of arachidonic acid, EPA or DHA but also increased n‐3/n‐6 ratio. In conclusion, MRM as the sole lipid source is sufficient to obtain good feed efficiency, growth performance and human health value in olive flounder juveniles. 相似文献
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为了筛选优质的珍珠蚌插片组合,探究不同种类珍珠蚌相互插片后生长性状间的差异和相关性,以及各组合无核珍珠成珠率和大小的差异,利用三角帆蚌(S)、池蝶蚌(C)和褶纹冠蚌(Z)分别作为供片蚌和育珠蚌,获得9个育珠蚌组合,测量各育珠组合的体质量、壳长、壳高和壳宽,比较9个育珠蚌组合及3个未插片的三角帆蚌、池蝶蚌和褶纹冠蚌对照组在1年后生长性状的差异,对各生长性状相关性进行分析。测量每个育珠蚌所产无核珍珠的数量和大小,计算成珠率和圆度,分析不同组合之间无核珍珠的差异。结果显示,无核育珠手术影响珍珠蚌的生长性能,以三角帆蚌和池蝶蚌为育珠蚌的组合生长性状均优于对照组,S-S育珠组合在以三角帆蚌为育珠蚌组合内生长最优,S-C和C-C育珠组合在以池蝶蚌为育珠蚌组合中生长最优,而以褶纹冠蚌为育珠蚌的组合插片后生长性状指标均小于对照组。其中除了池蝶蚌同种插片组合(C-C育珠组合)外,其余各育珠组合壳长与体质量间相关系数均高于其他生长性状间相关系数,C-C育珠组合壳宽与体质量相关系数最大;三角帆蚌和池蝶蚌之间的插片组合（S-S、C-S、S-C和C-C育珠组合）及褶纹冠蚌同种插片组合（Z-Z育珠组合）成珠率较高(91.67%~100%)。S-S、S-C和C-C育珠组合所育珍珠较圆但珍珠大小在各育珠组合内处于中等。研究表明,无核育珠手术改变珍珠蚌的生长性能,不同育珠组合生长性能存在差异,S-S、S-C和C-C育珠组合插片后生长性能较好,成珠率高,珍珠较圆但珍珠大小在各育珠组合中处于中等,该结果为探索不同珍珠蚌生长性状差异和相关性及其所产无核珍珠成珠率、大小的比较提供重要依据。 相似文献
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Xilei Li Zhiyi Bai Hongrui Luo Guiling Wang Jiale Li 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(5):1577-1585
The freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii is the most important mussel species for freshwater pearl production in China. Mussel shell color is an important indicator of pearl quality. The objective of this study was to assess whether total carotenoid content (TCC) in H. cumingii is related to shell color. TCC of different tissues (gonad, gill, hepatopancreas, kidney, axe foot, mantle, and adductor muscle) of purple and white inner-shell H. cumingii was determined by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The results revealed that TCC ranged from 12.91 ± 0.78 to 56.30 ± 0.74 μg/g. In general, TCC was higher in the hepatopancreas, followed by the mantle, gonad, gill, kidney, axe foot, and adductor muscle. TCC in gonad, gill, hepatopancreas, kidney, and mantle of purple mussels was significantly higher than that of white mussels. TCC in mussel tissues of H. cumingii was significantly different (P < 0.001) with respect to shell color. There were significant positive correlations between TCC in mussel mantle and shell color intensity. Future studies will assess the biological roles of carotenoids in shell color formation. 相似文献
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Effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid sources,microalgae meal and oil,on growth,fatty acid composition and docosahexaenoic acid retention of orange‐spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides 
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下载免费PDF全文 This study evaluated the effects of Aurantiochytrium spp. microalgae meal and oil as dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) sources on the growth, fatty acid composition and DHA retention of orange‐spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Dietary fish oil was replaced with microalgae meal or oil to provide an equal amount of DHA as a fish oil‐containing basal diet. In total, three experimental diets were fed to triplicate groups of fish (initial wt: 8.48 ± 0.06 g) in a recirculating system for 8 weeks. The weight gain and feed efficiency of the fish did not differ significantly among the experimental diets. The fatty acid composition of the whole body of the fish generally reflected the composition of their diet. The concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid in the whole body was higher in the fish fed the fish meal control diet than in those fed the two experimental diets The fish fed the control diet and those fed the diet containing microalgae oil exhibited higher DHA concentrations than did the fish fed the diet containing microalgae meal. The whole‐body DHA retention was the highest in the fish fed the diet with microalgae oil, followed by the fish fed the control diet. The lowest whole‐body DHA retention was observed in the fish fed the diet containing microalgae meal. The results suggested that the oil from Aurantiochytrium spp. microalgae can be used as DHA source for the grouper. DHA utilization by the fish was higher when the diet was supplemented with microalgae oil than with dry microalgae meal. 相似文献
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Abdolmohammad Abedian Kennari Nasrollah Ahmadifard Jafar Seyfabadi Maryam Fallahi Kapourchali 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2008,39(2):235-242
As algae and their concentrations are important factors for mass culture of rotifer, two experiments were conducted to find the effects of two types of algae, Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus obliquus, and three concentration of chosen algae (0.1 × 106, 1 × 106, and 10 × 106 cells/mL) on growth and fatty acid composition of freshwater rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus. The result of the first experiment showed that the maximum density of rotifer was significantly higher when fed with Chlorella sp. (478 individuals/mL) than fed with S. obliquus (328 individuals/mL). Mean population growth rate (r) was 0.61 and 0.44 for rotifer fed with Chlorella sp. and S. obliquus, respectively. The amount of highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) in rotifer fed with Chlorella sp. (3.32%) was relatively more than those fed with S. obliquus (2.65%). Then, Chlorella sp. was selected based on better performance. In the second experiment, the maximum rotifer density of 108 ± 8, 489 ± 47, and 493 ± 51 individuals/mL was reached after 5 d for the respective Chlorella sp. concentrations; at concentration of 10 × 106 cells/mL, the maximum density of 1820 ± 47 individuals/mL was obtained. Mean growth rate at mentioned concentrations was 0.18, 0.42, and 0.51/d, respectively. Increase in algal concentration was associated with a relative increase in HUFA and decrease in monounsaturated fatty acid. 相似文献
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为了探寻三角帆蚌胚胎体外培养方法,本实验以解剖获得的雌雄配子为材料,使用与三角帆蚌体液等渗的平衡盐溶液(BSS)进行人工体外受精和体外培养,观察各阶段胚胎的形态特征,并分析计算不同胚胎发育阶段的生物学零度和有效积温。结果显示,在温度为(25±1)℃的BSS培养条件下,受精卵发育至第二极体排放、二细胞期、四细胞期、八细胞期、十六细胞期和桑葚期的时间分别为1.8、2.8、5.6、10.5、13.9和17.3 h,胚胎最长发育至桑葚期后停止发育。另外,池塘平均水温分别为26.5、28.1和29.2℃时,三角帆蚌胚胎发育至成熟钩介幼虫分别需要10、9和8 d,计算得出三角帆蚌胚胎发育的生物学零度为14.81℃,根据生物学零度计算胚胎发育至卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、膜内钩介幼虫期和成熟钩介幼虫的有效积温分别为12.95、25.99、42.27、69.21和118.14℃×d。研究结果初步尝试对三角帆蚌受精卵进行体外培养,并根据胚胎发育水温和时间获得三角帆蚌早期胚胎发育的生物学零度和有效积温,可为突破三角帆蚌全人工繁育技术奠定基础,对淡水贝类现代生物育种技术研发和种质资源保护具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Pedro Domingues Javier Alaminos Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(2):167-177
The effects of diet freezing on the growth, survival and biochemical composition of the diets and juvenile spider crabs (Maja brachydactyla) were studied. Fresh and frozen (at ?20 °C for 21 days) mussels, Mytilus edulis, were used as food. Two experiments were conducted and in each, spider crabs were placed in individual trays. During experiment I, 40 juvenile spider crabs (2 months old) were used. Twenty animals (9 ± 2 mg) were fed fresh mussels, and 20 animals (8 ± 2 mg) were fed frozen mussels. Spider crabs fed fresh mussels grew larger than the ones fed frozen mussels (304.0 ± 118.0 and 70.0 ± 40.1 mg respectively). During experiment II, 16 juvenile spider crabs (5 months old) were used. Eight animals (3.4 ± 0.8 g) were fed fresh mussel and eight animals (4.1 ± 1.3 g) were fed frozen mussel. Spider crabs fed with fresh mussels were larger than the ones fed with frozen mussels (92.5 ± 41.7 and 41.5 ± 17.7 g respectively). There were no significant differences in the protein, amino acids and fatty acid composition between fresh and frozen mussels. The freezing procedure makes mussels less adequate for the culture of 2‐month‐old early juveniles of M. brachydactyla up to 5 months, although they promoted acceptable growth and good survival in older animals (>5 months old). 相似文献
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Taekyoung Seong Hisao Matsutani Yutaka Haga Renato Kitagima Shuichi Satoh 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(9):2460-2468
A feeding experiment was conducted to develop non‐fish meal and non‐fish oil diet for red seabream by using plant protein source and Schizochytrium meal which is rich in 22:6n‐3 (DHA). Three iso‐nitrogenous and iso‐lipidic experimental diets were prepared (CP 41.2% ± 0.4%, CL 16.4% ± 1%). Control diet contained both fish meal (40%) and fish oil (6%). In the second diet, fish meal was replaced by plant meals (soy protein concentrate, soybean meal, corn gluten meal) [FO]. In the third diet, fish meal and fish oil were replaced by algae meal (Schizochytrium sp. powder) and plant proteins [AO]. Duplicated groups of juvenile red seabream (8.8 g ± 1.5) were fed the experimental diets for 12 weeks to near satiation. There was no statistical difference among treatment in specific growth rate. Feed conversion ratio of AO diet group was higher than that of control. In wet basis, whole body protein level was significantly higher in AO diet than FO group while lipid content was lower than control group. In fatty acid profile, AO group had significantly lower 18:4n‐3, 20:4n‐3, 22:5n‐3 and 20:5n‐3 (EPA) level, but significantly higher 18:3n‐3 and DHA level than the other two diet fed fish. The results might suggest that further developments in microalgae diet offer a promising lipid source of n‐3 PUFA as essential fatty acid on marine fish. And it showed possibility to develop non‐fish meal and non‐fish oil feed for marine aquaculture fish by using microalgae. 相似文献
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Partial and total replacement of fish meal by marine microalga Spirulina platensis in the diet of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: Growth,digestive enzyme activities,fatty acid composition and responses to ammonia and hypoxia stress 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Somayeh Pakravan Arash Akbarzadeh Mir Masoud Sajjadi Abdolmajid Hajimoradloo Farzaneh Noori 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(11):5576-5586
In the this study, we evaluated the effect of replacement of fish meal by a marine microalgae Spirulina platensis on growth, digestive enzyme activities, fatty acid composition and responses to ammonia and hypoxia stress in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (2.6 ± 0.2 g). Experimental diets contained S. platensis at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% replacement levels. After 8 weeks of feeding trial, growth parameters and proximate body composition were not significantly different among treatments (p > .05). Amylase and lipase activities did not show any significant differences between control group and other experimental diets (p > .05), while activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin were significantly higher in shrimp fed diet with 50% substitution of microalgae compared to control group. Fatty acid contents, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including arachidonic acid (ARA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were significantly higher in control diet compared to other experimental diets. On the contrary, the majority of fatty acids including the contents of PUFAs in the whole body of L. vannamei fed with different levels of S. platensis were significantly higher compared to those of control group. After 48‐h exposure to ammonia, survival per cent was not statistically different between all groups (p > .05), but in hypoxia challenge, the survival per cent of control group was significantly less than that of treatments fed diets contained S. platensis (p < .05). Altogether, o ur results demonstrated the effectiveness of S. platensis as a reliable protein source for substitution of fish meal in shrimp aquaculture. 相似文献
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Clyde S. Tamaru Harry Ako Adam Baker David R. Bybee Karen Brittain Michelle Nguyen 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2011,42(1):12-23
The use of live algae and preserved algal products was examined as to their utility in supporting growth and survival of the feather duster worm, Sabellastarte spectabilis. Hatchery‐reared 4‐mo‐old worms were provided the same cell densities of live T‐Iso, preserved T‐Iso, live Nannochlropsis sp., and preserved Nannochloropsis sp. over the course of 132 d. A group of worms placed in a water table that received a continuous flow of raw seawater served as controls. Live and preserved T‐Iso resulted in the highest survival (86.7 ± 6.2% and 78.3 ± 16.5%, respectively) compared to all the other treatments. Live T‐Iso fed worms resulted in significantly larger worms than all other treatments with the preserved T‐Iso treatment supporting similar growth to those being fed live Nannochloropsis sp. and exposed to raw seawater. The preserved Nannochloropsis sp. resulted in significantly lower survival and growth when compared to all the other treatments. Fatty acid profiles of the algal diets and worm carcasses obtained during the current investigation suggest that T‐Iso outperformed Nannochloropsis because of its higher energy or fatty acid content. 相似文献