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1.
The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, gross energy, phosphorus and amino acids in local fish meal (LFM), Peruvian fish meal (PFM), poultry by‐product meal (PMM), meat and bone meal (MBM), tilapia by‐product meal (TM), fermented soybean meal (FSBM), soybean meal (SBM), peanut meal, canola meal (CM), cottonseed meal (CSM) and de‐gossypoled cottonseed meal were determined for juvenile hybrid tilapia (7.18 ± 0.2 g, mean ± SD). A reference diet (RF) and test diets (consisting of 70% RF and 30% of the feedstuff) were used with 0.5% chromic oxide as an external digestibility marker. The juvenile hybrid tilapias were stocked in 500‐L fibreglass tanks at a density of 20 fish per tank. Faeces were collected from triplicate groups of fish using a faecal collection column attached to the fish‐rearing tank. The results indicated that the ADCs of dry matter for juvenile hybrid tilapia ranged 71.88–89.53% for animal products and 65.89–79.98% for plant products. For crude protein, apparent digestibility coefficients of protein (ADCp) exceeding 90% were observed for FSBM, SBM and PFM, and ADCp of MBM was the lowest among all the treatments. Apparent digestibility coefficients of lipid in all the treatments were above 90%; the results indicate that lipids from both animal and plant sources were well digested by hybrid tilapia. The ADCs of phosphorus of animal and plant feedstuffs ranged between 58.04–74.44% and 52.65–64.23% respectively. The lowest ADC of phosphorus was observed in CSM among plant ingredients and in MBM among animal ingredients. The ADCs of energy were similar to those of dry matter and protein; the highest and lowest ADCs of energy were found in PFM and CM respectively. In general, the amino acid availability coefficients tended to reflect the ADCp among highly digestible ingredients. For the animal products, the availabilities of amino acids in PFM, LFM and PMM were generally higher than that in TM and MBM; among all the plant products, the availabilities of amino acids in FSBM and SBM were higher than in CM. These results indicated that juvenile hybrid tilapia is able to utilize different feedstuffs efficiently.  相似文献   

2.
Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, gross energy, phosphorus and amino acids in Peruvian fish meal, poultry by‐product meal, meat and bone meal, spray‐dried blood meal, hydrolysed feather meal, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal were determined for juvenile snakehead (Ophiocephalus argus) with initial mean body weight of 78.1 g. A reference diet and test diets that consisted of a 70 : 30 mixture of the reference diet to test ingredient were used with 5 g kg?1 Cr2O3 as an external indicator. Fish meal, poultry by‐product meal and corn gluten meal had higher ADCs of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy among ingredients tested. Dry matter ADCs ranged 61.9–81.5% for animal ingredients and corn gluten meal and ranged 52.2–68.0% for soybean meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal. Energy ADCs of ingredients followed similar trends to differences in dry matter digestibility. Protein ADCs of animal and plant ingredients ranged 73.6–92.8% and 75.3–85.6%, respectively. Amino acid ADCs generally reflected protein digestibility. Lipid ADCs were relatively high for the ingredients tested. Phosphorus ADCs of animal and plant ingredients ranged 39.5–65.2% and 38.7–57.1%, respectively.  相似文献   

3.
本研究旨在探讨红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)幼鱼对红鱼粉、白鱼粉、豆粕、菜粕、花生粕、棉粕、玉米酒糟蛋白(DDGS)和肉骨粉中干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、氨基酸、总能和总磷的表观消化率。实验饲料由70%的基础饲料和30%的待测饲料原料组成,并添加0.1%的三氧化二钇(Y2O3)作为外源添加剂,选取平均体重为37.90 g的红鳍东方鲀幼鱼,随机分成8组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,按照不同处理分别投喂相应饲料,采用虹吸法收集粪便。结果显示,白鱼粉、红鱼粉和豆粕的干物质表观消化率分别为70.54%、69.02%和60.37%,显著高于菜粕、棉粕及DDGS(P<0.05);粗蛋白的表观消化率为50.91%~92.78%,肉骨粉粗蛋白表观消化率最低(50.91%),显著低于白鱼粉、红鱼粉、豆粕、菜粕、花生粕和DDGS(P<0.05),各待测饲料原料中总氨基酸表观消化率的变化趋势与粗蛋白的表观消化率基本一致;粗脂肪的表观消化率为70.6%~94.19%,白鱼粉粗脂肪表观消化率最高(94.19%),显著高于棉粕和肉骨粉(P<0.05);能量的表观消化率为30.58%~90.01%,白鱼粉、红鱼粉、豆粕和花生粕总能的表观消化率最高(76.26%~90.01%)(P<0.05);磷的表观消化率为9.13%~68.14%,白鱼粉和红鱼粉的总磷表观消化率最高(分别为66.98%和68.14%)(P<0.05)。白鱼粉、红鱼粉的各种营养成分的表观消化率均较佳,肉骨粉及棉粕各种营养成分的表观消化率相对较差;豆粕及花生粕的粗蛋白消化率及必需氨基酸的消化率优于其他植物蛋白,菜粕次之。  相似文献   

4.
Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter (DM), crude protein, crude lipid, gross energy, phosphorus and amino acids in Peruvian fish meal (FM), fermented soybean meal, extruded soybean meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, wheat gluten meal, corn gluten meal, shrimp byproduct meal, meat and bone meal (MBM), poultry meat meal and plasma protein meal (PPM) were determined for white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). A reference diet (RF) and test diets (consisting of 70% RF diet and 30% of the feedstuff) were used with 0.5% chromic oxide as an external indicator. A total of 1440 shrimp (initial mean body weight 1.05 ± 0.01 g) were randomly stocked into thirty‐six 500‐L fibreglass tanks with 40 shrimp per tank and three tanks per diet. Faeces were collected from triplicate groups of shrimp by a faecal collection vessel attached to the shrimp‐rearing tank. The shrimp were fed to apparent satiation four times a day and the feeding experiment lasted for 6 weeks. Statistics indicate that apparent DM digestibilities for white shrimp (L. vannamei) were the highest for FM, ranged 52.83–71.23% for other animal products and 69.98–77.10% for plant products. The protein and lipid from plant and animal sources were well digested by white shrimp. Apparent protein and lipid digestibility were in the range 87.89–93.18% and 91.57–95.28%, respectively, in plant products, and 75.00–92.34% and 83.72–92.79%, respectively, for animal products. The white shrimp demonstrated a high capacity to utilize phosphorus in the ingredients. The apparent phosphorus digestibility ranges of animal feedstuffs and plant feedstuffs were 58.90–71.61% and 75.77–82.30% respectively. Amino acid availability reflected protein digestibility, except that in MBM, for which the availability of some amino acid was lower, possibly due to protein damage during processing. Digestibility information could promote the use of ingredient substitution in least‐cost formulated diets for white shrimp.  相似文献   

5.
在(21.5±1.0)℃水温下,以Cr2O3为指示物采用自排法和挤压法分别收集平均体重为65 g草鱼的粪便,测定草鱼对棉籽粕、花生粕、双低菜籽粕、秘鲁鱼粉、菜籽粕、小麦次粉、米糠、大豆粕和肉骨粉9种饲料原料主要营养成分的表观消化率。试验饲料以70%基础饲料和30%的待测饲料原料组成。结果表明:(1)草鱼对肉骨粉、秘鲁鱼粉、棉籽粕、大豆粕的干物质表观消化率较高,分别为60.69%、59.07%、61.08%、57.99%;(2)用自排法和挤压法测定草鱼对饲料原料的表观消化率时,干物质表观消化率有差异,而饲料原料粗蛋白质表观消化率基本保持一致;(3)草鱼对各种饲料原料的蛋白质表观消化率与氨基酸表观消化率的趋势基本一致。  相似文献   

6.
Adult red swamp crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii ) were held in fecal collection chambers and fed common feedstuffs isosubstituted in experimental diets. Apparent dry matter digestibility (ADMD) and apparent crude protein digestibility (ACPD) coefficients were determined by the total collection and indicator (chromic oxide) methods. Feedstuffs tested were menhaden fish meal, soybean meal, alpha-soy protein, casein, gelatin, wheat bran, rice bran, wheat gluten, shrimp meal, crab chitin, cellulose, squid meal, corn starch and diatomaceous sand. Rate of consumption of plant feedstuffs was generally higher than feedstuffs of animal origin. Consumption of fish meal and shrimp meal was low (0.59 and 0.44% body weightlday, respectively). Fecal chromium concentrations were lower than chromium concentrations of experimental diets and precluded calculation of realistic coefficients by the indicator method. Analysis of refused feed samples indicated that crayfish did not consume the indicator in the same proportion as the remainder of the diet; therefore, the total collection method was judged the better approach to determining digestion coefficients. ADMD and ACPD coefficients of plant feedstuffs were generally higher than coefficients determined for animal feedstuffs. ADMD coefficients indicated substantial carbohydrate digestion by crayfish.  相似文献   

7.
Adult red swamp crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii ) were held in fecal collection chambers and fed common feedstuffs in two different types of diets, as the sole feedstuff and as a 30% substitution in a reference diet. Feedstuffs tested were soybean meal, peanut meal, wheat shorts, cooked corn, menhaden fish meal, and shrimp-head meal. Feed consumption, apparent digestible dry matter, and energy coefficients were determined for feedstuffs when fed in both diets. Addition of menhaden fish meal, shrimp-head meal, and peanut meal in the reference diet resulted in decreased consumption, and menhaden fish meal was poorly digested when incorporated at 30% in the reference diet. Apparent dry matter and energy digestion coefficients Indicated that plant feedstuffs have greater potential as ingredients in crayfish diets than feedstuffs of animal origin. Differences in consumption and digestibility between the two types of diet were observed. Therefore, it appears that the associative effects of additions of feedstuffs in diets should be considered when formulating crayfish feeds.  相似文献   

8.
The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of crude protein, lipid, phosphorous, and amino acids, as well as energy, of 13 animal feedstuffs were determined for cobia, Rachycentron canadum (initial weight 130.0 g). The feedstuffs tested included five types of fishmeal, two of blood meal, one of poultry meat meal, two of meat‐and‐bone meal, two of feather meal, and one type of shrimp meal. A reference diet was formulated and the test diets contained 70% of the reference diet and 30% of each feedstuff. The ADCs of crude protein, lipid, energy, phosphorous, and amino acids of the test ingredients ranged from 68.97 to 92.5%, 69.3 to 95.7%, 77.5 to 98.3%, 58.2 to 80.1%, and 72.5 to 97.0%, respectively. The ADCs of crude protein of white fishmeal, steam‐dried brown fishmeal, imported flame‐dried fishmeal, spray‐dried blood cells, poultry byproduct meal, meat‐bone meal, and meat meal were significantly higher than those of dried blood meal, fermented feather meal, and hydrolyzed feather meal (P < 0.05). The ADCs of lipid of dried blood meal and hydrolyzed feather meal were significantly lower than those of other feedstuffs (P < 0.05). The ADCs of energy of fermented feather meal and hydrolyzed feather meal were significantly lower than those of other feedstuffs (P < 0.05) and the ADCs of phosphorus of white fishmeal, steam‐dried brown fishmeal, and imported flame‐dried fishmeal were significantly higher than those of the other ingredients (P < 0.05).  相似文献   

9.
The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, ash, phosphorus, gross energy and amino acids of 10 selected ingredients for juvenile hybrid tilapia (7.05 ± 0.09 g) were determined using 0.5% Cr2O3 as an inert indicator. The feed ingredients tested in this study were corn gluten meal (CGM), corn byproduct, corn germ meal (CG), soybean meal (SBM), fermented soybean meal (FSM), soy protein concentrate (SPC), soy protein isolate, malt sprouts (MS), fish meal (FM) and earthworm meal (EM). The test diets were prepared by incorporation of 30% test ingredients into the reference diet. Reference and test diets were fed to the fish and the faecal samples were collected using a faecal collection column attached to the fish‐rearing tanks. The ADCs for dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, ash, phosphorus and gross energy were 41.7–98.9%, 90.6–99.6%, 73.1–98.8%, 34.1–98.6%, 49.5–99.6% and 45.4–99.7% respectively. Soy protein isolate, FM and EM had higher dry matter, crude protein and gross energy ADCs. Corn byproduct and EM had higher crude lipid ADCs, and CG and EM had higher phosphorus ADCs. Corn germ meal had the highest ash ADC, while CGM had the highest value for gross energy. The lowest dry matter, crude protein, lipid and gross energy ADCs occurred in MS, while the lowest ash and phosphorus ADCs occurred in SPC. The amino acid ADCs ranged from 83.3% to 100%, exhibiting a positive correlation with crude protein digestibility for a given test ingredient. The feed ingredient digestibility of this study may provide useful information about nutrient and energy utilization to facilitate formulation of least‐cost practical diets for hybrid tilapia.  相似文献   

10.
Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, crude protein, lipid, gross energy, amino acids, and fatty acids in white fish meal, brown fish meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, and yeast were determined for grouper Epinephelus coioides. Apparent digestibility was determined using a reference diet with 0.5% chromic oxide indicator and test diets that contained 70% reference diet and 30% of the feed ingredient being evaluated. The fish, averaging 12.0 g, were held in 250-L tanks at a density of 30 fish per tank. Feces were collected from three replicate groups-of fish. Apparent dry matter digestibility of ingredients was 78.85 ± 2.43, 79.11 ± 0.61, 69.85 ± 3.60, 73.67 ± 2.30 and 57.70 ± 4.69% for white fish meal, brown fish meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, and yeast, respectively. Apparent gross energy digestibility of ingredients was 93.27 ± 2.90, 89.48 ± 1.78, 70.52 ± 4.01, 73.13 ± 2.41 and 51.67 ± 2.01% for white fish meal, brown fish meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, and yeast, respectively. Apparent protein digestibility of ingredients was 89.82 ± 1.24, 87.34 ± 1.25, 83.97 ± 1.92, 80.79 ± 1.95, and 61.14 ± 0.54% for white fish meal, brown fish meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, and yeast, respectively. White fish meal and brown fish meal showed higher protein digestibility among ingredients tested (P ± 0.01). Lipid digestibility of ingredients was high (90.66-94.48%) and not significantly different except for yeast. Amino acid availability values for test ingredients were similar to values of protein digestibility. Amino acid availability values of white fish meal and brown fish meal were higher than other ingredients. Fatty acid availability values for test ingredients were similar to values of lipid digestibility. In general, the digestibility of most fatty acids was over 80% in all ingredients, except for 14:0 in yeast and 18:0 in peanut meal, PUFA + HUFA > MUFA > SFA. Longer-chain saturated fatty acids were less digestibility, except for 14:0, with digestibilities diminishing as fatty acid chain length increased. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, lipid, gross energy, amino acids, and fatty acids in yeast was the lowest among the ingredients.  相似文献   

11.
A study was conducted to determine apparent digestibility coefficients for dry matter (ADMD), crude protein (ACPD) and gross energy (AED) of selected ingredients in diets for juvenile Penaeus setiferus . Ingredients tested were corn grain, cottonseed meal, crab meal, grain sorghum, meat and bone meal, menhaden fish meal, rice bran, rice grain, shrimp meal, soybean meal, squid liver powder, wheat flour, wheat gluten, wheat middlings and wheat shorts. ADMD coefficients of test ingredients ranged from 22% to 100% and appeared to be related to the fibre, ash and starch content of the ingredient. ACPD coefficients ranged from 58% to 100%. Plant protein supplements (soybean meal and cottonseed meal) were utilized as efficiently as, or better than, animal protein supplements (squid liver powder, menhaden fish meal, meat and bone meal, shrimp meal and crab meal). ACPD coefficients for meat and bone meal, shrimp meal and crab meal (58–59%) were significantly lower than those for menhaden fish meal (76%) and squid liver powder (82%). AED coefficients (44–100%) varied significantly among plant products of similar proximate composition. Corn grain and wheat flour were better utilized by P. setiferus than other high-starch energy supplements. Wheat gluten exhibited the highest ADMD, ACPD and AED coefficients of all ingredients tested.  相似文献   

12.
Dry matter (DMD), protein (PD), ash (AD) and crude fibre (CFD) digestibility coefficients were determined for nine different diets fed to the Australian freshwater crayfish Cherax destructor Clark. Diets differed principally in the type and quantity of ingredients used to supply the protein component with fish, meat, soybean, snail, yabby and zooplankton meals comprising the main protein-based ingredients. DMD ranged from 71.8% (soybean meal 40%, Soy-40 diet) to a maximum of 91.4% (zooplankton-based diet). Protein digestibility coefficients were all high and ranged from 88.4% (Soy-0) to 96.0% (Soy-60). Protein digestibility did not appear to be influenced by the principal protein source. Diets that contained a high level of animal or plant-based protein were all highly digestible (PD, 94.1% for the yabby meal-based diet, 80.4% animal protein; PD, 95.2% for the Soy-60 diet, 80.2% plant protein). AD coefficients were highly variable and ranged from 17.3% (snail-based diet) to 73.2% (yabby meal diet). Crude fibre digestibility coefficients were as high as 57% (diet A30: fish/yabby/soybean meal-based diet). No apparent trend occurred in dry matter digestibility in relation to the ash or crude fibre components of the diets. The high digestibility coefficients obtained for a wide variety of diet-types suggests that C. destructor has a versatile digestive system which may reflect its natural polytrophic omnivorous feeding behaviour.  相似文献   

13.
The apparent digestibility of 66 different feedstuffs by the bluntnose black bream Megalobrama amblycephala Yih was determined in digestibility trials in a recirculation aquaculture system. The ingredients consisted of 26 distinct energy feedstuffs, 18 nonanimal protein feedstuffs and 22 animal protein feedstuffs. In each of three trials, a reference diet was mixed with various test ingredients in a 70 : 30 ratio; reference and test diets were fed to the fish, and faecal samples were collected using a hand‐held screen system. Energy availability for the 26 energy feedstuffs varied between ?23.0% (silkworm manure) and 89.5% (millet grain), protein digestibility for the 18 nonanimal protein ingredients varied from 58.0% (pea protein meal) to 98.1% (soybean meal), and protein digestibility for the 22 animal protein feedstuffs varied between ?5.7% (feather meal) and 99.1% (fermented dried blood meal). The average protein digestibility of 85.9% for the nonanimal protein feedstuffs was significantly higher than that for the animal feedstuffs (P < 0.05), partly validating the assumption that herbivorous bluntnose black bream would digest proteinic nutrients in nonanimal feedstuffs better than in animal ingredients under intensive aquaculture. Finally, the energy availability of nonanimal protein feedstuffs was significantly lower than that of animal feedstuffs (P < 0.05).  相似文献   

14.
The digestibility of nutrients and energy in various ingredients to fish is affected by a variety of factors including ingredient quality and processing. Limited information is available regarding the digestibility of nutrients in feedstuffs for sunshine bass Morone chrysops♀×M. saxatilis♂. This information is particularly needed to improve the accuracy of diet formulations and allow appropriate substitution of feedstuffs. Therefore, a study was conducted with advanced sunshine bass fingerlings (50–75 g) to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for protein, lipid, carbohydrate, gross energy, and organic matter in a variety of feedstuffs in extrusion‐processed diets. Included in the study were low‐temperature processed menhaden fish meal (Select®), meat and bone meal, fish meal analog (PROPAK?) dehulled soybean meal, cottonseed meal, corn grain, sorghum, wheat flour, wheat middlings, and rice bran. Test diets consisted of a 70:30 mixture of reference diet to test ingredient with chromic oxide (0.8%) as the inert marker. Reference and test diet ingredients were mixed in a commercial ribbon blender, preconditioned and extruded on a Wenger X‐20 to produce a neutrally buoyant pellet (5 mm). The digestibility trials were conducted in six 600‐L rectangular tanks connected as a closed recirculating brackish (5–7 ppt) water system. Diets were randomly assigned to tanks of 45–50 sunshine bass and fed twice daily to satiation. Feedstuffs of high‐protein and high‐lipid content were better digested by sunshine bass than feedstuffs of high carbohydrate or high fiber content. Organic matter digestibility ranged from 42% for both sorghum and corn to 96% and 98% for meat and bone meal and Select? menhaden fish meal, respectively. Select? menhaden fish meal and meat and bone meal appeared to be the best Ingredients for sunshine bass diets in terms of overall nutrient profiles and digestibility of nutrients. The fish meal analog did not perform as favorably as the other two animal products. Protein and lipid of cottonseed meal were highly available to sunshine bass with ADCs of 85% and 92%, respectively. Protein digestibility was high for soybean meal (77%), whereas the digestibility of organic matter (51%), lipid (54%), carbohydrate (25%) and energy (56%) in this feedstuff was moderately low. Energy in wheat middlings and wheat also was moderately available at 67% and 59%, respectively. Energy in sorghum and corn was much less available at 44% and 40%, respectively. Digestibility of nutrients and energy in rice bran exceeded 90%. Use of this information should aid the development of more efficient and economical diet formulations for sunshine bass.  相似文献   

15.
Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, lipid, energy, phosphorus and amino acids in white fish meal, soybean meal, rapeseed meal and peanut meal were determined for Synechogobius hasta (28.65 ± 0.43 g, mean ± SD), using a reference diet with chromic oxide indicator and test diets that contained 70% reference diet, by weight, and 30% of feed ingredients. The juvenile S. hasta were held in 300 L tanks at a density of 30 fish per tank respectively. Faeces were collected from three replicate groups of fish by siphoning. The ADCs of dry matter and energy were the highest in white fish meal and the lowest in rapeseed meal ( P <0.05). Crude protein ADC was the lowest in rapeseed meal ( P <0.05) and showed no significant differences among other treatments ( P >0.05). The highest phosphorus ADC was observed in white fish meal and differences were not marked for other treatments ( P >0.05). Lipid ADC were above 90% and showed no significant differences among the treatments ( P >0.05). Amino acid availability values for the test ingredients followed similar trend to values of protein digestibility. All amino acids were more available from fish meal than from plant protein ingredients. Among three plant meals, the availability of amino acids was higher in peanut meal and lower in rapeseed meal.  相似文献   

16.
李惠  黄峰  胡兵  周艳萍  张丽 《淡水渔业》2007,37(5):41-44
以发酵豆粕25%、50%、75%和100%的比例分别等量替代基础日粮中的鱼粉,研究了发酵豆粕对斑点叉尾(Ictalurus punctatus)生长和饲料表观消化率的影响。结果显示:以25%～75%的发酵豆粕替代鱼粉时,斑点叉尾增重率、特定生长率、饲料干物质和粗蛋白的表观消化率比对照组稍高(P>0.05),饲料系数与对照组没有显著性差异(P>0.05);而以发酵豆粕100%的比例替代鱼粉时,上述5种指标与对照组无显著性差异。结果表明,斑点叉尾日粮中发酵豆粕可以100%替代鱼粉,其中以25%的比例替代效果更佳。  相似文献   

17.
A study was conducted with channel catfish, Ictalurus puntatus to determine apparent digestibility/availability coefficients of protein, amino acids, lipid and energy for alternative plant‐protein feedstuffs: corn gluten feed, corn germ meal, distillers dried grains with solubles, and canola meal, compared with those for soybean meal. A 32%‐protein, chemically defined diet containing 8% fish meal was used as the reference diet. Test diets consisted of 70:30 ratio of reference diet to test ingredient with chromic oxide (0.75% of the diet) as an inert indicator. Apparent digestibility/availability coefficients of protein, essential amino acids and energy in alternative protein feedstuffs tested were generally lower than those in soybean meal by channel catfish. Apparent digestibility coefficients of protein ranged from 75 to 87% and those of energy ranged from 52 to 59% for alternative feedstuffs. Lysine in alternative feedstuffs was 67–79%, methionine was 69–85% and cystine was 73–82% available to channel catfish. There were no significant differences in lipid ADCs among test feedstuffs (91.9–96.8%). Results from the present study can be useful in formulating cost‐effective catfish feeds using these alternative feedstuffs.  相似文献   

18.
本实验以三氧化二铬为指示剂测定了一冬龄团头鲂（ＭｅｇａｌｏｂｒａｍａａｍｂｌｙｏｃｅｐｈａｌａＹｉｈ）对１２种饲料原料的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物、总磷和总能量的表观消化率，首次报道了总磷消化率和可消化能。从表观消化率和可消化能的角度评价了１２种饲料原料的营养价值，为开发适于团头鲂的人工配合饲料提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

19.
A digestibility trial was conducted to determine apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, energy and amino acids of animal, plant and microbial ingredients for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The tested ingredients included traditional soybean meal (TSBM), PepsoyGen soybean meal (PSBM), NutriVance soybean meal (NSBM), fish meal (FM), poultry meal (PM), squid hydrolysis (SQH), scallop hydrolysis (SCH), flash dried yeast (FDY), two batches of Ulva meal (UMF and UMS) and bacteria biomass (BB). A basal diet was formulated and produced along with the experimental diets which included 300 g/kg of each ingredient and 700 g/kg of the basal diet. Juvenile shrimp (initial mean weight: 12 g, six shrimp/tank, n = 3) were stocked in a recirculation system. Apparent dry matter, protein and energy digestibility coefficients ranged from ?40.11% to 78.51%, 15.17% to 97.03% and 13.33% to 82.56% among different protein sources, respectively. In general, protein and energy digestibilities in soy sources (77.6% to 97.03% and 62.77% to 82.56%, respectively) are higher than the tested animal protein (51.39% to 71.41% and 45.29% to 69.77%, respectively) and single‐cell protein sources (15.17% to 53.47% and 13.33% to 40.39%, respectively). Among the three soybean sources, TSBM showed highest protein and energy digestibility. Apparent individual amino acid digestibility coefficients were also variable among different types of ingredients, and there was a reasonable correspondence to protein digestibility. The most digestible feed ingredients for Pacific white shrimp in this study were conventional soybean meal (SBM) and NutriVance soybean meal (NSBM), which indicated that these ingredients are good protein and amino acid sources for Pacific white shrimp. Resultant digestibility data may provide useful information to commercial shrimp feed industry.  相似文献   

20.
An evaluation of the apparent dry matter, crude protein, fat, carbohydrate and energy digestibility coefficients in nine raw and two steam-cooked agrobased by-product pelleted feeds (ratio of reference:test ingredient= 70:30) containing 30-32% crude protein, 3.9-4.3 kcal g?1 energy and 1% chromic oxide was carried out in three species of Indian major carp fingerlings, Catla catla (Hamilton) (length= 4-6cm; weight= 1.5-2.5g), Labeo rohita (Hamilton) (length= 3.9-6.2cm; weight= 1.5-2.7g) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) (length= 4.1-6.0cm; weight= 1.6-2.8g). Each dietary treatment had three replicates of 25 fish each. The experimental trial was conducted in 70-L high-density polyvinyl flow-through (1-1.5 Lmin?1) indoor circular troughs (water volume= 55 L). Fish were fed to apparent satiation, twice daily at 0800 and 1600 h. Faecal samples were collected by siphoning daily at 0700 and 1500 h. The results indicated that apparent dry matter, nutrient (protein, fat and carbohydrate) and energy digestibility coefficients varied significantly within each test species (P < 0.05) for the feedstuffs tested. However, with few exceptions, digestibility for an individual ingredient varied insignificantly (P > 0.05) among the three fish species. The present study clearly indicated that feedstuffs rich in carbohydrate and energy are effectively utilized by the fish. The variations observed in dry matter, nutrient and energy digestibility coefficients in these species seemed related to the type and nutrient composition of the feedstuffs. Feedstuffs and test diets with higher levels of fibre and ash showed significantly (P < 0.05) low values for dry matter, nutrient and energy digestibility. Steam-cooking of yellow corn and potato significantly (P<0.05) improved the digestibility coefficients. The findings of the present study are important for the development of low-cost balanced rations which incorporate locally available agro-based by-products for the polyculture of the three species of Indian major carp.  相似文献   

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