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分别对海湾扇贝、虾夷扇贝、栉孔扇贝的3种血细胞胞内酶：碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、过氧化物酶(POD)、酚氧化酶(PO)进行了免疫细胞化学研究,并对血细胞酶反应阳性率作了统计。结果表明,3种扇贝血细胞ALP阳性率相差不大,海湾扇贝为46．6％,虾夷扇贝为42．4％,栉孔扇贝为36．8％;3种扇贝血细胞POD阳性率相差较大,栉孔扇贝阳性率高达50．2％,海湾扇贝为44．2％,虾夷扇贝仅为17．2％。3种扇贝血细胞PO孵育反应后,由于海湾扇贝、虾夷扇贝PO反应活性很低,瑞氏染液复染后,无法区分阴性、阳性细胞。实验中仅对栉孔扇贝PO阳性率进行了统计,栉孔扇贝血细胞PO阳性率为39．3％。 相似文献
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用RAPD方法对扇贝科中的虾夷扇贝、海湾扇贝和栉孔扇贝的基因组DNA的特异性遗传标记进行分析,筛选了43个随机引物,有13个引物获得了片段长度在250～2000 bp之间且重复性良好的谱带,每个引物分别获得了4～17个大小不等的片段,共获得了170个扩增片段,其中12个引物得到特异性片段58个,可以将两种或者3种扇贝区别开来。通过Popgene 3.2分析软件包统计表明,虾夷扇贝与海湾扇贝的遗传距离最大,为0.2481;栉孔扇贝与海湾扇贝的遗传距离次之,为0.2161;虾夷扇贝和栉孔扇贝遗传距离最小,其值为0.2133。根据遗传距离指数,用MEGA3统计软件中的UPGMA方法进行聚类分析,构建系统树。 相似文献
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应用PCR扩增和测序技术获得了引进种岩扇贝(Crassadoma gigantea)及我国主要经济扇贝:虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)、栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)和海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)的12SrDNA全序列,并进行了相关分析。结果表明,四种扇贝12SrDNA的序列长度在906~964bp之间,其A+T含量在50.57%~56.77%之间;单倍型数、多态性位点数、单倍型多样性指数、核苷酸多样性指数和平均核苷酸差异数分别在2~3、2~3、0.264~0.623、0.000 75~0.002 07和0.427~1.882之间,均表现出较低的遗传多样性水平;种间遗传距离在0.079~0.306之间,其中虾夷扇贝与栉孔扇贝的遗传距离最近,其次是岩扇贝与虾夷扇贝,而岩扇贝与海湾扇贝的遗传距离最远,并且系统进化树分析结果显示虾夷扇贝先与栉孔扇贝聚为一支,再与岩扇贝进行聚类,而海湾扇贝则与其它扇贝聚为另一个单系群,进一步阐明了四种扇贝间的亲缘关系。 相似文献
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采用扩增片段长度多态性(Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism,AFLP)标记对栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri,♀)、虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis,♂)及其Fl群体的遗传多样性进行分析.5对引物组合共扩增得到315个位点,其中311个为多态位点,总的多态位点比例为98.73%.栉孔扇贝、虾夷扇贝及其F1群体的Shannon信息指数分别为0.477 1±0.260 6、0.423 9±0.277 7、0.548 8±0.220 9;3个群体的Nei's基因多样性指数分别为0.329 1±0.185 0、0.289 7±0.195 9、0.382 8±0.161 2,表明杂交子代群体的遗传多样性水平比2个亲本群体都高.栉孔扇贝与虾夷扇贝群体间的遗传距离为0.411 6,栉孔扇贝与F1群体间的遗传距离是0.131 6,虾夷扇贝与F1群体间的遗传距离是0.278 0,表明杂种子代与母本栉孔扇贝遗传距离较近.聚类分析显示,虾夷扇贝群体、栉孔扇贝群体以及F1群体的所有个体分别聚到一起,且都形成独立群体;分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果显示,变异来源有30.47%来自群体间,有69.53%来自群体内,表明群体内的遗传多样性比较丰富.杂种优势的产生与群体遗传多态性有关. 相似文献
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人工养殖栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝血淋巴中部分免疫因子的比较研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用分光光度技术对人工养殖的栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝血淋巴中部分免疫因子进行了比较研究。结果表明,海湾扇贝血清和血细胞中溶菌酶、非特异性酯酶(NSE)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、髓性过氧化物酶(MPO)、一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、活性氧和H2O2的活力或含量均高于栉孔扇贝,两种扇贝除血清中MPO活力差异不显著外,其他各组均差异极显著或显著。表明人工养殖海湾扇贝较栉孔扇贝的免疫力强。 相似文献
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栉孔扇贝与虾夷扇贝杂交及子一代的遗传性状 总被引：32，自引：7，他引：25
20 0 0～ 2 0 0 3年在山东省长岛增殖站进行了以栉孔扇贝为母本与虾夷扇贝为父本 (正交 )、虾夷扇贝为母本与栉孔扇贝为父本 (反交 )、栉孔扇贝自交、虾夷扇贝自交的苗种培育 ,并在同一海区进行了养殖试验。结果表明 ,水温 15～ 18℃条件下 ,正、反交均可正常受精 ,受精率在 90 %以上 ,与对照组没有明显差别 ;成体的外部形态与母本基本相同 ,是偏向母本类型的异源二倍体 ;正交组在第 2年高水温季节栉孔扇贝出现大量死亡的情况下 ,成活率达 95 % ,生长速度提高 2 3% ,反交组在苗种中间暂养和养殖过程中的成活率比虾夷扇贝提高 16 % ,生长速度未见显著差别 ;正、反交子一代生殖腺发育正常 ,可排放精、卵。试验证明 ,栉孔扇贝♀×虾夷扇贝♂的杂交子一代 ,外部形态虽与栉孔扇贝基本相同 ,但显著提高了栉孔扇贝的生产性能尤其是抗逆能力 ,远缘杂交育种是解决栉孔扇贝大面积死亡的重要途径之一 ,其杂交子一代已经具有生产使用价值。 相似文献
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In this paper, the practicability of a quick diagnostic laboratory test to perform blood analysis in healthy pigeons was tested. The Reflotron manufactured by Boehringer Mannheim, works on a dry chemical basis, consists of a reflectance photometer and the accompanying test strips, is easy to use, and yields the result of the desired parameter in a maximum of three minutes. As test material plasma and serum were used. At the time the equipment was tested, test strips for glucose, cholesterol, hemoglobin, triglycerides, urea, uric acid, GOT, GPT and G-GT were available on the market. The usual laboratory "wet chemical" analysis procedures were used to compare the results. The obtained measurements were analyzed using describing and concluding statistics. The influence of gender, feed and time of day on the nine parameters was also considered. 相似文献
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Morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters characterizing the over-ripening of rainbow trout eggs 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
F. Lahnsteiner 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2000,23(2):107-118
In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) freshly ovulated eggs and over-ripened eggs which had been retained in the coelomic cavity for 7, 14 and 21 days were investigated in aspects of morphology, physiology and biochemistry. Egg viability was significantly reduced from 85.9±16.4% in freshly ovulated eggs to 25.1±21.9% in over-ripened eggs which had been retained in the coelomic cavity for 21 days. Further during over-ripening in the ovarian fluid the pH significantly decreased, while the levels of proteins, of esterified and non esterified fatty acids and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and acid phosphatase significantly increased. Also egg parameters changed: the wet weight of the unhardened eggs increased, the weight increase during hardening and the levels of esterified and of non esterified fatty acids significantly decreased. In freshly ovulated eggs the yolk consisted of a homogenous mass and the perivitelline space was small, but in over-ripened eggs the yolk was non homogenous with numerous vesicular inclusions and the perivitelline space was enlarged. When freshly ovulated eggs were incubated in water the cortical reaction was detectable within 5 min, in over-ripened eggs hardly no extrusion of cortical vesicles was visible and the width of the perivitelline space was very irregular.For the investigated freshly ovulated and over-ripened samples the egg viability significantly correlated with ovarian fluid parameters (pH, protein, non esterified fatty acids, esterified fatty acids, aspartate aminotransferase, acid phosphatase) and egg parameters (weight increase during hardening, weight of the hardened eggs). 相似文献
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乌鳢血液指标的研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
对乌鳢的红、白细胞数、血红蛋白等血液指标进行了研究。结果如下:乌鳢的红细胞数为(369.83±51.03)万个/mm3;白细胞数为(5.88±1.27)万个/mm3;血红蛋白为(9.54±0.61)g/100ml;白细胞分类计数中淋巴细胞占(58.23±5.67)%;嗜中性细胞占(28.10±4.36)%;单核细胞占(9.10±4.02)%;嗜碱性细胞和嗜酸性细胞观测到的数目很少;血沉为(1.50±0.12)mm/h;红细胞膜最大抵抗值为(0.38±0.02)%;红细胞大小为(10.02±0.52)μm×(7.01±0.24)μm(长径×短径);红细胞核为(4.22±0.27)μm×(1.96±0.18)μm(长径×短径)。 相似文献
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白缘(鱼央)的血液指标测定与血细胞特点 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用常规血液指标测定方法和血细胞涂片法,测定野生白缘鱼央血液指标并分析血细胞形态。结果表明:野生白缘鱼央RBC=1.18×1012/L、WBC=70.2×109/L、PLT=41.5×109/L、MCH=56.5 pg、MCHC=395.3 g/L、HGB=66.3 g/L。白缘鱼央血细胞在细胞形态上更加趋于圆球形,而且细胞和细胞核均相对其它鱼央属鱼大,红细胞分裂相较多、不规则核较多。红细胞可见5种形态(即普通红细胞、原红细胞、幼红细胞、分裂中的红细胞和有丝分裂的红细胞),白细胞可见6种形态(即单核细胞、淋巴细胞、中性分叶核粒细胞、中性杆状核粒细胞、嗜酸分叶核粒细胞和嗜酸杆状核粒细胞),而血小板只有1种形态。 相似文献
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用氯化胆碱质量分数为220、422、664、1 002、1 656、2 705、5 370 mg/kg的7组精制饲料饲养中华鲟幼鱼8周,研究胆碱对中华鲟幼鱼生长和部分生理指标的影响。随着饲料胆碱含量的增加,各组实验鱼增重率逐渐增大;饲料系数逐渐降低,5 370 mg/kg组最低,为0.87;肝体指数各组差异不显著;肌肉脂肪含量逐渐升高,1 656 mg/kg组最高;肝脏脂肪含量在2 705 mg/kg组最高,为29.56%;血清甘油三酯、胆固醇含量极显著增高,可能已是生长异常的表现。饲料中胆碱的适宜质量分数为1 656 mg/kg左右。 相似文献
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A. SHAFAEIPOUR V. YAVARI B. FALAHATKAR J. Gh. MAREMMAZI & E. GORJIPOUR 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2008,14(2):110-119
Rainbow trout (initial body weight 4.16 ± 0.25 g) were fed diets [crude protein 420 g kg?1; gross energy 18.7 MJ kg?1 dry matter (DM); crude fat 110 g kg?1] containing graded levels of either a canola meal (crude protein 350 g kg?1 DM) supplemented with DL‐methionine as partial fish meal protein. A growth trial was conducted over 16 weeks at a water temperature of 12 ± 1 °C. At the end of the growth trial, in addition to body composition analyses, plasma tri‐iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), cholesterol and liver fatty acid composition were measured. Replacement of fish meal with canola meal (100–570 g kg?1 replacement) did not affect on growth performance. At 16th week, plasma cholesterol levels were reduced in fish fed all diets in comparison with 8th week. Plasma T4 levels were significantly higher in the canola meal‐fed fish sampled after 16 weeks, but no significant differences in T3 levels were obtained (P > 0.05). Proximate compositions were affected by dietary treatments. The liver fatty acid composition reflected that of the diet with a higher level of polyunsaturated (n‐6) fatty acids in fish fed diet canola meal and a higher content in n‐3/n‐6 ratio in fish fed diet without canola meal. These studies show that canola meal has potential to replace substantial levels of fish meal in diets for carnivorous fish without compromising performance. 相似文献
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B. BENDALL A. MOORE D. MAXWELL P. DAVISON N. EDMONDS D. ARCHER D. SOLOMON V. GREEST K. BROAD 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2012,19(6):475-483
Abstract Advances in the field of telemetry techniques during the last few decades have greatly expanded our knowledge on migratory behaviour and provided the opportunity to obtain practically useful data for the conservation and management of salmonid populations. However, applying this information to the development of much needed population‐based migration models has been limited. Furthermore, this research has generally been restricted to assessing the role of river flow on fish movement. Models derived from a 6‐year telemetry study on the movements of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and sea trout, Salmo trutta L., in the River Tyne are presented together with an assessment of counter data from the same river to highlight the importance of additional environmental and physiological parameters in regulating fish movement. The data are discussed in relation to the advantages of telemetry data, the need to develop predictive models, the statistical methods used and the potential direction of future work in this area. 相似文献
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为了证实微生态净水剂(含菌量10×109/g)可以提高虾体免疫力和对污染物(如农药)的抵抗力,在凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannmei)养殖过程中,设置了施用微生态净水剂的实验组和未用微生态净水剂的对照组,采用肌肉注射的方式,对2组凡纳滨对虾进行乙酰甲胺磷毒性实验。注射乙酰甲胺磷后,采样测定血细胞吞噬化学发光情况,组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、溶菌酶(LSZ)、酯酶活性以及酯酶(EST)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)同工酶表型变化。结果表明:施用微生态净水剂组明显好于对照组。施用微生态净水剂的虾注射乙酰甲胺磷后死亡率降低,血细胞的吞噬功能也有所增加,虾体组织内SOD、POD、LSZ、酯酶活性变化较未用组的虾变化幅度较小,其中,SOD、POD活性等高于未用组,EST、MDH同工酶酶带数目也有增加。说明微生态净水剂从本质上增强虾体内代谢、提高虾体的免疫力、增强其对外界环境变化适应能力,并具有提高虾体防御功能,增强抵抗疾病能力的作用。 相似文献
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本实验研究了微生态净水剂65天后对鲤鱼血液生理指标和生化指标的影响。施加了微生态净水剂后显著降低了鲤鱼红细胞的红细胞渗透脆性,使红细胞数由1,126,000/mm3显著增加到1,224,000/mm3,血红蛋白由4.60g/100ml极显著增加到6.90g/100ml,红细胞压积由35.2%显著增加到39.2%;血清中TP、 ALB、GLO、白球比的含量无明显变化;血清中GLU、ALP分别较对照组提高了221%( p <0.01),50.8% (p <0.05);血清中ACP、GPT分别较对照组降低了14%( p >0.05) ,24%( p <0.05)。施加了微生态净水剂能优化鲤鱼的抗应激指标,具有提高体鱼防御功能,增强抵抗疾病能力的作用。 相似文献