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Zhenkang Xu Jennifer Wyrzykowski Acacia Alcivar-Warren Shaun M. Moss Brad J. Argue Steve M. Arce Monica Traub Fernanda R. O. Calderon Jeffrey Lotz Verlee Breland 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2003,34(3):332-343
Allelic frequency differences at the highly polymorphic MI microsatellite of B20 locus were examined in Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV)-susceptible (Kona) and TSV-resistant (Select) lines of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei . DNA was screened from 1,009 cultured L. vannamei , 166 from the Kona line and 843 (97 broodstock and 746 offspring) from the Select line. A total of 34 different MI alleles were found, 41.2% of which were shared by the two lines, and 58.2% were unique to either line. Only seven (20.6%) of the 34 alleles had similar frequencies in the two lines. The most frequent (22.4%) allele in the Select line (218 bp) was absent from the Kona line. The most frequent (9.6%) allele in the Kona line (236 bp) was not observed in the Select line. Significant genetic differentiation between the two lines was shown using contingency table analysis (X2 = 891.20, df = 33, P < 0.0001), the exact test ( P < 0.00001), and Fst , analysis (0.06). Comparison of MI allele frequencies between the TSVresistant Select and TSV-susceptible Kona lines and between the top 12.5% (Top Select) and the bottom 12.5% (Bottom Select) surviving families to TSV challenge in the Select line suggested associations of MI alleles with TSV resistance. These observations suggest testable hypotheses in future experiments aimed at finding genetic markers associated with resistance to TSV and markers that could be used for marker-assisted selection of broodstock. 相似文献
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Melena J Bayot B Betancourt I Amano Y Panchana F Alday V Calderón J Stern S Roch P Bonami JR 《Journal of fish diseases》2006,29(10):589-600
Larvae and post-larvae of Penaeus vannamei (Boone) were submitted to primary challenge with infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) or formalin-inactivated white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Survival rate and viral load were evaluated after secondary per os challenge with WSSV at post-larval stage 45 (PL45). Only shrimp treated with inactivated WSSV at PL35 or with IHHNV infection at nauplius 5, zoea 1 and PL22 were alive (4.7% and 4%, respectively) at 10 days post-infection (p.i.). Moreover, at 9 days p.i. there was 100% mortality in all remaining treatments, while there was 94% mortality in shrimp treated with inactivated WSSV at PL35 and 95% mortality in shrimp previously treated with IHHNV at N5, Z1 and PL22. Based on viral genome copy quantification by real-time PCR, surviving shrimp previously challenged with IHHNV at PL22 contained the lowest load of WSSV (0-1x10(3) copies microg-1 of DNA). In addition, surviving shrimp previously exposed to inactivated WSSV at PL35 also contained few WSSV (0-2x10(3) copies microg-1 of DNA). Consequently, pre-exposure to either IHHNV or inactivated WSSV resulted in slower WSSV replication and delayed mortality. This evidence suggests a protective role of IHHNV as an interfering virus, while protection obtained by inactivated WSSV might result from non-specific antiviral immune response. 相似文献
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凡纳滨对虾全同胞家系的建立及生长比较 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
全同胞家系是遗传分析的重要材料。采用自然交配法建立了62个凡纳滨对虾第一代全同胞家系,对其中17个家系进行了比较研究。结果表明,各家系的孵化率、出苗率与雌性亲本的大小相关性不显著。17个家系中有7个家系显示生长优势,其大小顺序依次是A02＞A11＞A01＞A17＞A06＞A08＞A16;7个家系在40周内的生长速度较17个家系的平均值高23.2%。在所有家系中,A01、A02、A11等3个家系的体重显著大于其它家系（P＜0.05）,其平均生长速度较所有家系平均生长速度分别快25.5%、31.6%和31.0%。这3个家系的整齐度良好,在养殖中期的个体变异系数分别为11.58%、9.95%和8.48%,后期均小于5%,显示出优良的经济性状,为进一步选择培育凡纳滨对虾的快速生长新品系奠定了基础。 相似文献
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在基础饲料中分别添加0.1%和1%美人鱼发光杆菌灭活菌、0.1%美人鱼发光杆菌活菌配制成3种免疫实验饲料,以基础饲料为空白对照组饲料,每组设3个平行样。对个体质量为(4.83±0.36)g的凡纳滨对虾进行为期20 d的饲养实验,分别在0、5、10、15和20d进行取样,以血清中的酚氧化酶(PO)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(UL)活性为免疫指标,探讨了美人鱼发光杆菌作为免疫制剂对凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫效应的影响;在投喂免疫饲料后的第22天,按0.004 2 kg/kg体重的剂量,直接投喂对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)病料,并记录累积死亡率。结果表明,美人鱼发光杆菌免疫实验组对凡纳滨对虾血清中PO、ACP、AKP、UL和SOD活性影响明显高于对照组,并且在饲料中添加美人鱼发光杆菌后,明显提高了对虾抵御WSSV感染的能力。其中0.1%美人鱼发光杆菌活菌实验组的抗病毒感染能力最强,WSSV感染14d内累计死亡率为63.3%±5.8%;而对照组为96.7%±3.3%。研究表明,美人鱼发光杆菌添加在对虾饲料中能提高凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫水平,增强抵抗疾病的能力,将其作为对虾免疫增强剂具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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A Profound Effect of Hyperthermia on Survival of Litopenaeus vannamei Juveniles Infected with White Spot Syndrome Virus 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Oscar M. Vidal Clarlssa B. Granja Fernando Aranguren James A. Brock Marcela Salazar 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2001,32(4):364-372
This study was conducted to examine the effect of increasing seawater temperature on White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) infection in juvenile Pacific White shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ). Infection by WSSV was achieved using two methods, intramuscular injection and per os (oral) administration. Forty injected and 20 per os infected animals were kept in heated tanks at 32.3 ± 0.8 C, and the same number of WSSV infected animals were maintained in tanks at ambient temperature (25.8 ± 0.7 C). Despite the route of exposure, there were no survivors among the animals kept at ambient temperature; whereas, in heated tanks the survival of the WSSV infected juvenile shrimp was always above 80%, suggesting the existence of a beneficial effect from hyperthermia that mitigated the progression of WSSV disease. Moreover, this beneficial effect was not attributable to viral inactivation. Infected animals kept at 32 C had histologically detectable lymphoid organ spheroids suggestive of a chronic viral infection but were PCR negative (hemolymph) for WSSV. These findings might be related to low viral replication in WSSV-infected shrimp held at the higher environmental temperature. When the WSSV-infected shrimp were transferred from 32 C to ambient temperature, the mortality from WSSV ensued and was always 100%. Although the mechanism related to the beneficial effect of heating was not determined, our results indicate that increasing the water temperature modifies dramatically the natural history of the WSSV disease and the survival curves of WSSV-infected juvenile Pacific White shrimp. 相似文献
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白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)一直是甲壳类生物的高致病性病原。为了解市场上不同凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)商业苗种病原携带情况及其抗WSSV性能,本研究收集了6个品牌的凡纳滨对虾商业苗种(分别简称为海南Z、海南S、广州P、广州Z、黄骅R和东营M),先进行包括WSSV在内的8种病原的检测,然后,采用单尾定量口饲感染方式进行抗WSSV性能测试,并比较各组苗种感染WSSV后的平均存活时间、存活率以及累积死亡率的差异。结果显示,6个商业苗种都不携带WSSV,部分苗种检测有潜在虾肝肠胞虫(EHP)和偷死野田村病毒(CMNV)。各苗种感染WSSV后,平均存活时间从长到短依次为海南Z、广州P、黄骅R、海南S、广州Z、东营M。东营M感染WSSV后第4天达到死亡高峰,而海南Z在第6~7天到达死亡高峰,比东营M晚了2~3d。感染实验结束后,海南Z和广州P存活率最高,同为72.5%,而东营M和黄骅R的存活率最低。本研究表明,海南Z和广州P抗WSSV性能最强,研究结果可为凡纳滨对虾抗病新品种的选育提供基础数据。 相似文献
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为了研究外源补充蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)生物膜对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长、抗病力及对其肠道微生物组成的影响,以基础饲料为空白组,在基础饲料中添加蜡样芽孢杆菌游离态活菌作为游离态组(活菌含量为108 CFU/g);在基础饲料中添加蜡样芽孢杆菌活菌生物膜作为生物膜组(活菌含量为108 CFU/g);每组8个平行.在养殖大棚暂养7d后,对凡纳滨对虾进行40 d的养殖实验.在第17天进行白斑综合征(White Spot Syndrome Virus,WSSV)攻毒实验;第22天进行副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)攻毒实验.期间在第1、5、10、15天采样,称重并测量体长计算生长速率.在第1、5、10、15、20、25天采样,并取其肠道内容物提取DNA,用16S rDNA序列V3+V4区高通量测序方法检测对虾肠道内微生物群落的结构及变化情况.结果显示,生物膜组和游离态组对虾体重、体长增长速率高于空白组,生物膜组与游离态组对虾体重、体长差异性不显著,生物膜组和游离态组对虾体重、体长与空白组相比差异性显著.实验中凡纳滨对虾肠道微生物由变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)等组成,其中,变形菌门平均占到总量的94.0％.变形菌门中主要以弧菌属(Vibrio)、发光杆菌属(Photobacterium)、Octadecabacter等为主,生物膜组、游离态组、空白对照组弧菌属平均含量分别为34.65％、39.27％、58.00％.在WSSV攻毒实验中,生物膜组、游离态组、空白对照组平均累积死亡率分别为80.0％、77.0％、92.0％,各组差异性不显著(p＞0.05).在副溶血弧菌攻毒实验中,生物膜组、游离态组、空白对照组平均累积死亡率分别为61.3％、75.0％、77.3％,生物膜组与游离态组和空白对照组相比差异性显著(P＜0.05).研究表明,饲料中添加蜡样芽孢杆菌生物膜和游离态蜡样芽孢杆菌投喂凡纳滨对虾后,可改变对虾肠道的微生物组成,提高凡纳滨对虾生长速度、增强抗病能力,而且添加蜡样芽孢杆菌生物膜效果最明显. 相似文献
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The marine white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is widely cultured. Recently, farmers have begun to culture this shrimp in low-salinity brackish water (< 6 g/L). The intensification of shrimp culture often results in occurrences of elevated nitrite concentration during the growing season. Nitrite is toxic to shrimp and exposure to high concentrations may cause retarded growth and mortalities. The current study was aimed at investigating the acute and chronic toxicity of nitrite to L. vannamei grown in low-salinity (2 g/L) brackish water. Studies of the 96-h EC50 and LC50 values of nitrite were performed to determine the acute toxicity, and an aquarium growth study (2 d post exposure to elevated nitrite concentrations) was conducted to evaluate the chronic effects of nitrite on shrimp production. The 96-h EC50 and LC50 values for juvenile L. vannamei grown in water of 2 g/L salinity was about 9 mg/L NO2 -N, suggesting a safe concentration for shrimp production in ponds to be less than 0.45 mgIL NO2 -N. Exposing shrimp to nitrite concentration of 4 mg/L for 2 d reduced their growth but did not affect their survival. 相似文献
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凡纳滨对虾群体杂交与自交 F1低溶氧与高氨氮耐受性比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用6个遗传背景不同的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)群体,通过群体间自交与杂交建立了8个交配组合。对不同交配组合F1,在幼虾和成虾阶段,进行低溶氧与高氨氮48 h胁迫试验,比较不同交配组合群体在不同生长阶段的高氨氮与低溶氧耐受性。结果显示,低溶氧胁迫,YH♀×ZX♂、SS♀×SS♂、HD♀×YH♂交配组合幼虾存活率分别为76.23%、74.61%、74.38%,显著高于其他交配组合存活率(P0.05),成虾的存活率分别为83.08%、65.57%、71.12%,可作为耐低溶氧优良品系选育的候选材料;高氨氮胁迫,YH♀×KN♂、HD♀×YH♂、YH♀×ZK♂交配组合幼虾存活率分别为97.71%、86.43%、80.01%,显著高于其他交配组合(P0.05),成虾存活率分别为85.53%、74.18%、69.23%,可作为耐高氨氮优良品系选育的候选材料;HD♀×YH♂交配组合低溶氧与氨氮耐受性均较好,但不同交配组合低溶氧与氨氮耐受性间相关性检验不显著(P0.05)。研究发现,亲本中雌虾来源为YH,子代低溶氧耐受性优良,推断抗低溶氧性状为母系主导遗传;对虾低溶氧的耐受性随着生长发育的进行而降低,高氨氮耐受性随着生长发育的进行而增强;各交配组合高氨氮和低溶氧耐受性,在幼虾阶段和成虾阶段均呈极显著相关(P0.01),表明凡纳滨对虾低溶氧与高氨氮耐受性适宜在幼虾阶段进行遗传评估。 相似文献
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本研究尝试将生物絮团技术应用到凡纳滨对虾试验性封闭养殖系统中,筛选生物絮团养殖所需的适宜碳源及其添加量,在此基础上研究生物絮团养殖系统中凡纳滨对虾的适宜养殖密度。结果表明,在养殖密度为150和300尾/m2的凡纳滨对虾养殖系统中,每天按照饲料(蛋白含量42%)投喂量的77%添加蔗糖,生物絮团4d即可形成,在84d的养殖期内,养殖水体的氨氮和亚硝酸氮浓度均维持在较低水平,对虾成活率在80%以上,取得较好的养殖收获。 相似文献
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Abstract. An intensive growth trial conducted In pens in an earthen pond indicated that growth of Penaeus vannamei (Boone) increased with feeding frequency and suggested that day feedings produce greater growth than night feedings. The differences in growth due to feeding frequency were significant, instantaneous growth rates (IGR) increasing from 1·62% to 1·66% to 1·71%/day as the number of feedings increased from one to two to four per 24 h. Comparison of the IGR of shrimp fed at night (1·64%/day) to that of shrimp fed during the day (1·68%/day) suggested ( P = 0·0633) that growth was greater for shrimp given day feedings than for shrimp given night feedings. Survival of shrimp was not significantly different due to feeding frequency or due to time of feeding and averaged 74·7 ± 6·1%. Results indicate that P. vannamei cultured under conditions similar to those tested should be fed a minimum of four times daily and suggest that feeding during the day is at least as good as and may be preferable to feeding at night. 相似文献
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江苏地区对虾3种病毒病的流行病学调查及5株IHHNV的编码区基因序列分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)、桃拉综合征病毒(TSV)、传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(IHHNV)是威胁对虾养殖的重要病毒。为了调查这3种病在江苏境内的流行情况,根据世界动物卫生组织(OIE)推荐的《水生动物疾病诊断手册》的PCR检测法对2015年5月—2016年5月采集的1436尾对虾样品进行3种疾病的流行病学调查。结果显示WSSV阳性率为17.20%,TSV阳性率为0%,IHHNV阳性率为39.48%。对江苏不同地区分离出的5株IHHNV进行基因序列分析,数据显示这5个地区的毒株均属于Ⅰ型感染株,与韩国株的进化关系较为接近。本研究通过调查以上3种病毒病在江苏境内的流行情况,并进行序列分析,发现江苏不同地区的凡纳滨对虾IHHNV感染均为Ⅰ型,研究结果对养殖虾的疾病防控有重要参考价值。 相似文献
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养殖南美白对虾桃拉综合征病原的确认及其组织病理学观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用RT-PCR技术,对福建南部养殖南美白对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)自然暴发的急性传染病病原进行了检测。结果检出桃拉综合征病毒。对231bp的扩增产物进行了测序,并与Genbank桃拉综合征病毒相应序列进行比较,其同源性超过97．O％。临床观察也表明,虾体表发红、有的虾体表散布有一些灰白色病灶,附肢及尾扇发红,还有一些病虾体表散布大量黑色不规则病灶,为桃拉综合征病毒感染引起的典型症状。组织病理学检查表明,病虾体表、附肢、鳃等组织的表皮上皮有许多坏死病灶,结缔组织细胞与相邻横纹肌纤维基底部也有病变。病变细胞嗜酸性颗粒增多,细胞核固缩或破裂。部分病虾肝胰腺出现脂肪化和空泡变性。 相似文献
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本研究选择1株地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)BL-9、1株枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)BS-12、1株金丽假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra)CDM8,以1∶1∶1将其组成复合益生菌,各益生菌水体添加浓度为107 CFU/ml,进行为期30 d的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖实验。实验分为暂养期(7d)、益生菌处理期(15d)、副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)攻毒期(10 d)。结果显示,养殖水体中添加复合益生菌能显著增加水体和对虾肠道可培养细菌总数(P<0.05),攻毒实验结束时,实验组对虾累积存活率为(73.33±6.83)%,显著高于阳性对照组(25.33±15.43)%。对虾抗病基因热激蛋白70(Heat shock proteins 70,Hsp70)、β-1,3-葡聚糖结合蛋白-脂蛋白(Beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein-lipoprotein,βGBP-HDL)、脂多糖-β-1,3-葡聚糖结合蛋白(Lipopolysaccharide-β-1,3-glucan binding protein,LGBP)、抗菌肽Crustin在益生菌处理阶段均出现不同程度的上调,在攻毒阶段虽呈现各自不同的表达情况,但所有基因都经历了更大幅度上调。研究表明,水体中添加芽孢杆菌和假交替单胞菌组成的复合益生菌可提高凡纳滨对虾抗副溶血弧菌感染能力,对虾抗病力的提高可能与益生菌增加对虾肠道可培养细菌数量、抗病相关基因表达水平及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性有关。 相似文献
17.
凡纳滨对虾群体自交与杂交子代幼体对低温、低盐抗逆性与生长比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为提高凡纳滨对虾种苗质量,探索群体选择育种和杂交育种方法在凡纳滨对虾大规模人工育苗生产中的应用,对1个经过人工选择的凡纳滨对虾群体A的自交和杂交子代的抗逆性和生长性状进行了比较。群体A是2008年来自美国种虾的子一代,并经过2个世代的人工选择和自交传代。群体B为2010年来自广东的繁育群体。A群体自交,及其与B群体的正、反杂交,产生3组不同交配组合的子代。对3个组合后代仔虾幼体的抗低温、低盐能力及养成期的生长性状进行比较分析,结果表明,以A群体为母本的杂交组AB抗逆性最强,以B群体为母本的杂交组BA抗逆性次之,而A群体自交组抗逆性最弱。在低温(13.0±0.9) ℃和低盐4.7条件下,AB组存活率分别比AA组高27.6%和64.4%。3个组合养成期的体质量生长速度为AB组(253±55) mg/d、 BA组(208±52) mg/d、AA组(219±36) mg/d,AB组比BA组快21.6%,比AA组快15.5%。研究表明,凡纳滨对虾的杂交优势与亲本的提纯、选优密切相关。 相似文献
18.
本研究尝试将生物絮团养殖技术(Bio-floc aquaculture technology, BFA)应用到凡纳滨对虾高密度养殖系统中,研究生物絮团在凡纳滨对虾不同放苗密度下的水质调控、对虾生长及存活等方面的作用效果。试验将200、400和600尾/m2的放苗密度分为传统养殖组(TF200、TF400和TF600)和絮团养殖组(BFA)(BF200、BF400和BF600)共6组,分别在18个室内水泥池中进行,其中BFA组通过添加益生菌和赤砂糖培养生物絮团,并在养殖过程中极少换水,而传统养殖组进行传统换水养殖管理。经过113d的养殖试验,随着放苗密度的增加,水质、对虾存活率和对虾特定增长率逐步下降,然而BFA在400尾/m2的凡纳滨对虾封闭式养殖中有良好效果。与400尾/m2的传统养殖组(TF400)相比,400尾/m2的BFA组(BF400)在养殖过程中生物絮团平均形成量提升3.25倍;水体中的亚硝酸氮和氨氮平均含量分别降低67.9%和72.7%,而用水量只有传统养殖组的33%左右;对虾的体重、存活率、特定生长率及单位产量分别提高了14.5%、156.3%、2.4%和194.1%;400 尾/m2的BFA组对虾单位产量达到4.01±0.94 kg/m2,具有最好的环境和产出效应。 相似文献
19.
采用假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas sp.) KL-3 2010和微小杆菌(Exiguobacterium sp.) KL-C2 2014作为益生菌,进行凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)投喂实验,研究上述菌株对带毒对虾的生长与存活的影响。假交替单胞菌KL-3 2010对致急性肝胰腺坏死副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahemolyticus) (VPAHPND 20130629002S01)有拮抗作用和胞外蛋白酶活性,微小杆菌KL-C2 2014有胞外蛋白酶活性。待试对虾经检测为白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)、致急性肝胰腺坏死病副溶血弧菌(VPAHPND)和虾肝肠胞虫(EHP)弱阳性。经过为期60 d的养殖实验,结果显示,与投喂普通颗粒饲料的对照组相比,投喂假交替单胞菌KL-3 2010的对虾存活率提高了213%±43% (P<0.01);投喂微小杆菌KL-C2 2014的对虾平均生长率提高了105.5%±28.1% (P<0.05);交替投喂2株菌的对虾存活率提高了184%±52% (P<0.05),平均生长率提高了70.6%±32.8%。肠道可培养优势菌研究表明,2株益生菌的投喂显著影响了对虾肠道优势菌群的种类。本研究为带毒虾苗的养殖提供一种有效的病害防控和促生长的手段。 相似文献
20.
Dina A. Proestou Ryan J. Corbett Tal Ben‐Horin Jessica M. Small Standish K. Allen 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(8):2142-2154
Perkinsus marinus, the causative agent of Dermo disease, is responsible for mass mortalities and negatively impacts aquaculture production of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Selective breeding is a viable option for Dermo disease management; however, fluctuations in natural selection pressure and environmental noise hinder accumulation of genetic gains acquired through field performance trials. The purpose of this study was to adapt and apply laboratory disease challenge methods to eastern oysters, better characterize resistance‐specific traits and assess the potential for genetic variation in Dermo resistance among distinct families within a breeding population. Two challenge experiments were conducted, one in 2014 and the other in 2015. Significant treatment (control vs. challenged) and family effects on survival (measured as per cent survival and days to death) were detected in the 2014 challenge, while overall high survival precluded the detection of a significant family effect in the 2015 challenge. An alternate measure of resistance, parasite elimination rate, was also measured in the 2015 challenge, and this varied significantly among families. Thus, both survival and the change in parasite concentration in oyster tissues over time represent Dermo resistance phenotypes that can be measured accurately with the adapted laboratory disease challenge protocol described here. The obvious next step is to incorporate the challenge protocol in eastern oyster breeding programmes to assess whether well‐defined, accurately measured, Dermo‐resistant phenotypes result in enhanced genetic improvement for this commercially important trait. 相似文献