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企鹅珍珠贝早期养殖生长性状的增长规律及生长曲线拟合研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
该研究对海南新村港养殖17个月的企鹅珍珠贝(Pteria penguin)苗种生长性状进行测量,利用von Bertalanffy、Gompertz和Logistic 3种生长模型对其生长性状的增长规律进行拟合,通过Levenberg-Marquardt迭代法求出各模型中3个生长参数,综合各参数的最优值,得出不同生长性状拟合效果最佳的生长模型。结果表明,Gompertz模型为企鹅珍珠贝各生长性状的最优生长模型。根据生长参数得出壳长、壳高、壳宽和体质量的生长极限值分别为93.519 mm、90.641 mm、39.075 mm和157.755 g,生长拐点分别为2.86个月、4.04个月、5.63个月和9.61个月;各生长性状间的绝对生长速度在不同生长期内差异较大,但随着月龄的增大均呈现先增加后降低的趋势;性状间相对生长速度存在差异并随月龄的增长逐渐趋于0。研究结果可为企鹅珍珠贝的养殖生态研究、遗传育种及插核育珠提供理论依据和参考资料。 相似文献
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在水温28~29℃、盐度24~25条件下,研究墨西哥湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians concentricus)选育系的早期发育及幼虫和稚贝的生长。受精卵经50 min发育至卵裂,经22~24 h发育至D形幼虫,经11 d发育至眼点幼虫并出现足,进入附着变态阶段。选育系的胚胎发育时间和浮游幼虫前期壳长、壳高与对照系比较差异不显著(P0.05);浮游幼虫后期及至附着变态阶段,选育系与对照系的壳长和壳高差异显著(P0.05)。选育系的附着变态率和存活率与对照系比较均差异显著(P0.05),且优势明显。本研究表明,墨西哥湾扇贝浮游幼虫发育前期缓慢,幼虫后期、稚贝期生长迅速;壳长和壳高的生长速度不同步,幼虫前期壳长生长快于壳高,后期壳高生长快于壳长,并于第28~30天时壳高超过壳长。墨西哥湾扇贝选育系在幼虫和稚贝阶段生长速度明显快于对照系,具有明显的生长优势及生长潜力。 相似文献
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壳金长牡蛎家系的建立及生长和存活性状的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于2014年6月,以经过2代家系选育和2代群体选育共连续4代选育的壳金长牡蛎为亲本,采用巢式设计,成功构建25个全同胞家系,同时以未经选育的壳色即普通灰白色的个体子代为对照组,评估各家系和对照组在幼虫、稚贝期的生长和存活差异。结果显示,不同时期,壳金长牡蛎选育家系各生长性状平均值均高于对照组平均值,其中在幼虫期不同日龄,壳金长牡蛎所有家系壳高和存活率平均值均高于对照组,分别提高2.27%~16.67%和1.72%~9.40%;在稚贝期各阶段,壳金长牡蛎所有家系壳高、壳长、总重量及存活率的平均值均高于对照组,分别提高10.04%~19.79%、6.56%~17.78%、10.44%~32.92%和0.20%~4.26%;不同壳金家系间的生长及存活性状具有显著差异,排序也存在不一致性,其中G19和G28家系表现出较高的生长及存活性能,在11月龄,G19和G28家系的壳高、壳长、总重的累积生长量比所有家系平均值分别提高4.78%、8.22%、12.38%和7.61%、4.02%、9.04%,与对照组相比,分别提高15.31%、15.31%、24.11%和18.42%、10.85%、20.42%;存活率比所有家系平均值和对照组分别提高11.70%、12.71%和11.92%、12.94%。研究表明,壳金长牡蛎选育群体的生长性状具有一定的优势,但存活性状有待进一步的改良;家系G19和G28可作为优良品种培育的育种材料。本研究为培育快速生长和存活率高的壳金长牡蛎新品种提供了基础资料。 相似文献
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长牡蛎壳金性状遗传参数评估及与生长性状的关联分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
采用家系选育与群体选育相结合的方法,以壳金性状和生长性状为主要选育指标,经过连续4代的选育获得了长牡蛎第4代壳金选育品系(F4)。本实验以F4代为亲本,采用巢式设计方法和人工授精技术,成功构建了25个长牡蛎壳金全同胞家系,分别测定了每个家系生长到9月龄时30个个体壳金性状颜色参数和生长性状,分析了2类性状的表型变异,并对壳金性状的遗传参数及与生长性状的相关性进行了分析。结果显示,壳金性状颜色参数L*、a*、b*、ΔE的遗传力分别为0.13±0.09、0.69±0.19、0.30±0.13、0.38±0.15;L*、a*、b*和ΔE之间的遗传相关和表型相关范围分别为–0.25~0.37、–0.1 9~0.8 0;颜色参数与各生长性状的遗传相关和表型相关均较低,分别为–0.04~0.26、–0.10~0.13。本研究表明长牡蛎壳金性状颜色参数的遗传力多为中高等水平,对其颜色继续进行选择改良,预期能达到良好的效果。此外,壳金性状与生长性状的相关性较低,不能利用二者之间的关系进行相互选择,只能将壳金性状和生长性状均作为目标性状进行协同选择,以实现同步改良2个性状的目的。 相似文献
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野生企鹅珍珠贝形态性状对质量性状的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国渔业质量与标准》2019,(6)
为探究野生企鹅珍珠贝(Pteria penguin R?ding)形态性状对质量性状的影响,为其良种选育中亲贝的选优提供策略,实验随机选取200只三亚野生企鹅珍珠贝为研究材料,对其形态性状(壳长、壳高、壳宽、斜高、铰合线长及前耳至后耳基部长)和质量性状(活体质量、软体质量、壳质量及闭壳肌质量)进行测量,利用相关分析、通径分析和回归分析等分析方法研究形态性状对质量性状的影响。结果表明,绞合线长与前耳至后耳基部长相关系数极显著(P0.01),与其他各数量性状之间的相关系数均无显著性差异(P0.05),其余9个数量性状间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P0.01)。通过逐步回归分析构建了形态性状(壳长、壳高及壳宽)对体质量、软体部质量、壳质量和闭壳肌质量的最优回归方程,相关系数(r)分别为0.872、0.777、0.892和0.630。野生企鹅珍珠贝的壳宽对其体质量、软体部质量和壳质量的通径系数(和决定系数)最大,分别为0.422(0.178)、0.357(0.127)和0.503(0.253);壳高对其闭壳肌质量的通径系数(和决定系数)最大,为0.602(0.362)。结果表明,若以体质量、软体部质量或壳质量作为企鹅珍珠贝选育目标,应主要考虑壳宽;若以闭壳肌质量作为企鹅珍珠贝选育目标,应主要考虑壳高。[中国渔业质量与标准,2019,9(6):48-56] 相似文献
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凡纳滨对虾自交系与杂交系早期生长和存活的比较 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以2个不同遗传背景A、B凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)群体为亲本，建立了凡纳滨对虾自交系和杂交系，比较其子一代的生长与存活。A是引自美国夏威夷海洋研究所的SPF凡纳滨对虾，B是在海南本地养殖多代选育不携带病毒的凡纳滨对虾。实验由自交组AA（A♀×A♂）、BB（B♀×B♂）和杂交组AB（A♀×B♂）、BA(B♀×A♂)4个实验组组成。结果表明自交组生长AA>BB,存活率BB>AA。由此看出2个群体生长和存活率存在较大差异,AA具有生长快优良性状,BB具有存活率高的优良性状。杂交组生长AB>BA，存活率BA>AB。杂交组与自交组生长和存活率比较:生长AA>AB>BA>BB,存活率BB>BA>AB>AA。两个杂交组在生长和存活率上均表现出母本和父本不同的优良性状，AB、BA组表现生长和存活率双重优良性状，杂交优势显著。杂交使生长和存活这两个表型性状都得到了改良。两个杂交组的生长和存活率比较发现杂交子一代遗传力偏向母本，即母系遗传占主导地位。 相似文献
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长牡蛎壳金选育群体生长性状的选择效应 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
长牡蛎是一种世界性的养殖贝类,同时是我国最重要的经济贝类之一,壳色美观和快速生长是目前长牡蛎遗传育种的2个重要目标。2010年通过长牡蛎壳色性状的家系选育,获得了壳白、壳黑、壳金和壳紫4种壳色品系。实验以第二代壳金品系为基础群体,对长牡蛎壳金群体的生长性状进行定向选育,分析了长牡蛎壳金选育群体壳高性状的选择反应、遗传获得和现实遗传力。结果显示,养成阶段选择组的壳高均大于对照组,350日龄后表现出显著的生长优势;幼虫期,壳高性状的平均选择反应、遗传获得和现实遗传力分别为0.549±0.277、3.717%±2.611%和0.339±0.171,养成期分别为0.436±0.138、8.253%±1.014%和0.270±0.086。选择组的贝壳金黄色和外套膜金黄色比例分别提高了22%和10%。研究结果为长牡蛎壳金优良品系培育提供了重要基础资料。 相似文献
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利用马氏珠母贝4个壳色系F3培育厚层优质珍珠 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了评价红、金黄、白和黑壳色系F3育珠性状,设立两个实验,分别利用马氏珠母贝红、金黄、白和黑壳色系F3作为植核(受体)贝和小片(供体)贝进行植核育珠。实验Ⅰ:利用红、金黄、白和黑壳色系F3为插核贝和小片贝建立16个组合,另外利用以普通养殖群体为插核贝、金黄壳色系F3为小片贝建立了1个组合,共建立17个组合,育珠期为24个月;实验Ⅱ:分别利用红、金黄、白和黑壳色系F3为植核贝和小片贝建立16个组合,育珠期为18个月。结果表明,育珠期结束后实验Ⅰ和Ⅱ的4个壳色系F3平均壳高和成活率均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),实验Ⅰ和Ⅱ的黑壳色系F3具有最大的平均壳高,实验Ⅰ金黄壳色系F3具有最高的成活率,实验Ⅱ黑壳色系F3具有最高的成活率。实验Ⅰ:各组合间的留核率、商品珠率、优良珠率和育珠绩效均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),珍珠层厚度差异不显著(P>0.05);BW组具有最大的留核率、商品珠率、珠层厚度和育珠绩效值,RB组具有最大的优良珠率;实验Ⅱ:各组合的留核率、商品珠率、优良珠率、珍珠层厚度和育珠绩效均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。黑壳色系F3作为插核贝具有较好的育珠效果,经进一步测试其育珠性能,可在珍珠生产中推广应用。 相似文献
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The progeny of four 4th generation Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata (Gould, 1850) breeding lines that were selected for fast growth were compared in a 3‐year farming experiment. Oysters of the most improved breeding line (line 2) reached market size (≥50‐g whole weight) 15 months earlier than non‐selected control oysters (3 years and 5 months). The average reduction in time to market size for oysters of all four breeding lines was 12.5 months. 相似文献
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Realized heritability and response to selection for shell height in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata (Gould) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The common pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata (Gould), is the most important species that is cultured for production of marine pearls in China. Heavy mortality and the decline of pearl quality have resulted in a breeding programme being established in recent years. In this study, we conducted selective breeding for the second generation of pearl oyster P. fucata (JCS-2) by mass selection for shell height (SH) with a selection intensity of 1.614, and analysed the growth of the selected line (JCS-2) and the non-selected control line (JCC) during a 1-year grow-out period. The results show that the selected line grew faster than the control one in the SH and total weight (TW) ( P <0.05), and there were higher proportion of larger sized oysters. Coefficient of variation for SH of JCS-2 was smaller than that of JCC. The current genetic gains and realized heritability for JCS-2 averaged 16.03 ± 4.79% and 0.713 ± 0.208 at 3–15 months of age respectively. The findings indicated the selection response to faster growth for SH is markedly effective in the second generation, and there was a high correlated response of TW when selecting for SH. 相似文献
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Genetic parameters of growth and resistance to Polydora ciliata in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata 
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下载免费PDF全文 Dongling Zhang Mingqiang Chen Zhikai Niu Guiju Huang Youning Li Tianshi Zhang Dahui Yu 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(5):2039-2046
The pearl oyster Pinctada fucata is an economically important oyster cultured for pearl production in China. In this study, we used an animal model to estimate the variance components and genetic parameters of growth traits and a sire‐dam threshold model to estimate the resistance of P. fucata to polychaete Polydora ciliata. The results showed that the heritability estimates were 0.3850 ± 0.1421 for shell width, 0.3478 ± 0.1292 for body weight and 0.3387 ± 0.1316 for resistance to P. ciliata, and significantly different from zero (P < 0.05). Both phenotypic and genetic correlations were high between shell width and body weight (0.935 and 0.883 respectively) (P < 0.01), but low between resistance and shell width (0.260 and 0.233 respectively)/body weight (0.152 and 0.083 respectively) (r < 0.30; P > 0.05). The higher heritabilities for shell width, body weight and resistance traits suggested that the three traits can be genetically improved through selective breeding, but the low correlation between growth and resistance traits suggested that the resistance trait can be effectively improved through index selection or through hybridization of two specialized lines, i.e. a high‐resistant line and a high growth line. 相似文献
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Phenotypic indicators for cultured pearl size improvement in the black‐lipped pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera): towards selection for the recipient growth performance 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The black‐lipped pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera, is the most important farmed species in French Polynesia and the basis of the most valuable export industry. Mass production of black pearls relies on a surgical operation requiring tissue from a donor pearl oyster to be grafted, together with a nucleus made of shell, into the gonad of a recipient oyster. Improving pearl size through family selection remains one of the main challenges for future aquaculture development. This study analyses the relative contribution of donor and recipient oysters to pearl size. To this end, hatchery‐produced donor oysters of two batches, large and small (based on shell height), were used to supply grafts for recipients, which were then monitored individually for their growth performance by recording shell height, width, and thickness, and total live weight (flesh + shells) every 6 months (four biometric measurement times) over 20 months of culture. Pearls issued from the two batches of donors showed no significant differences in nacre weight or thickness. In contrast, recipient oyster shell height and total weight were increasingly positively correlated with these pearl size parameters over the culture period, becoming significant at 8 months post‐grafting. Potential therefore exists to use shell height and oyster weight as phenotypic indicators for selective breeding of recipient oysters with high growth performance to increase pearl size in P. margaritifera. 相似文献
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三角帆蚌生长性状和内壳色与所产无核珍珠质量的相关性分析 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
为了研究供片蚌和育珠蚌对无核珍珠质量的影响,以三角帆蚌紫色选育系F5为材料,在插植无核珍珠前,测量了供片蚌和育珠蚌的壳长、壳高、壳宽、体质量等生长性状,检测了供片蚌内壳色颜色参数L、a、b、dE。经过18个月育珠,测量了育珠蚌的壳长、壳高、壳宽、体质量,计算其特定生长率,检测了育珠蚌内壳色颜色参数L、a、b、dE,测量了育珠蚌所产无核珍珠的颜色、大小、圆度、光泽和产珠量。结果发现,供片蚌生长性状与所产无核珍珠大小、圆度和产珠量相关性不显著(P>0.05)。供片蚌内壳色与无核珍珠颜色相关性极显著(r=-0.400~0.376,P<0.01),供片蚌dE值越大所产紫色珍珠比例越高、dE值越小所产白色珍珠比例越高。育珠蚌特定生长率与所产无核珍珠大小、光泽和产珠量相关性极显著(r=0.237~0.516,P<0.01),相关程度为体重> 壳长> 壳宽> 壳高,育珠蚌特定生长率与所产无核珍珠圆度相关性极显著(r=-0.284~-0.256,P<0.01),相关程度为壳长>体质量>壳宽>壳高。育珠蚌内壳色与所产无核珍珠颜色、大小、圆度、光泽和产珠量相关性不显著(P>0.05)。综合各性状相关性分析,改良供片蚌内壳色可以改良珍珠颜色,改良育珠蚌的生长性状可以改良珍珠大小、光泽、圆度和产珠量。 相似文献
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Pearl oyster shell consists of two layers: a calcite prismatic layer (outer layer) and an aragonite nacreous layer (inner layer). Calcite and aragonite are CaCO3 polymorphs, and their formations are controlled by shell‐forming tissue called mantle. Pearl sacs originating in the mantle form cultured pearls. Therefore, it has been widely accepted that pearl and shell are produced by the same process. However, this idea has been called into question by some recent mineralogical studies indicating microstructural and crystal‐polymorphic diversity in pearls. The pearl biomineralization process is still not fully understood in detail. Thus, in this study, we focused on the diversity of CaCO3 polymorphism of non‐nacreous structures (NNSs) underlying the nacreous layer in pearl and regenerated shell, to reveal the biomineralization process of the Japanese pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata). Using Meigen's stain and scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive X‐ray (SEM‐EDX), NNSs polymorphs in valuable and valueless pearls, in addition to regenerated shell, were compared. Aragonite was exclusively observed in the NNSs of valuable pearls, whereas calcite was dominant in those of valueless pearls. The same analysis of NNSs of regenerated shells was carried out. As in valueless pearls, almost all regenerated shell NNSs consisted of calcite, but one NNS was composed of aragonite. Accordingly, it seems that pearls are formed by the same biomineralization process as shell regeneration rather than shell formation. 相似文献
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XLP涂料对合浦珠母贝成活率、生长及附着生物量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了XLP防污涂料对合浦珠母贝Pinctada fucata成活率、生长及附着生物量的影响。经XLP防污涂料处理后的贝，其附着生物量明显低于对照组；经防污涂料处理后的养殖网笼具，其附着生物量也明显低于对照组；贝和养殖网笼具同时用XLP防污涂料处理时，防生物附着的效果最好。经XLP防污涂料处理后，处理前期（30～60d）合浦珠母贝养殖成活率与对照组的成活率接近，或者略低于对照组；养殖120d后试验组成活率则高于对照组。使用XLP防污涂料处理后养殖120d，合浦珠母贝的个体大小及体重高于对照组。试验结果表明，使用XLP防污涂料能有效防御污损生物附着，有利于合浦珠母贝的养殖。 相似文献
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Is pearl colour produced from Pinctada margaritifera predictable through shell phenotypes and rearing environments selections? 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Chin‐Long Ky Lore Le Pabic Manaarii Sham Koua Nicolas Molinari Seiji Nakasai Dominique Devaux 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(3):1041-1057
The black‐lipped pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera, is the most important farmed mollusc species in French Polynesia. Donor oyster selection among wild P. margaritifera individuals, chosen according to their inner shell colour, makes it possible to obtain the broadest range of cultured pearl colours of any species. This study demonstrates the relative influence of using black [B] or red [R] outer shell phenotypes, combined with green [G] or yellow [Y] inner shell phenotypes, on pearl darkness level, colour categories and lustre. A large scale grafting experiment was designed and carried out over five grow‐out locations, covering three archipelagos: Tuamotus, Society and Gambier. Results revealed that the [B + G] phenotypes may be used as donors to produce dark green pearl, which suit the demands of the Asian market; whereas, phenotypes incorporating [R] and/or [Y] phenotypes may be used to obtain multicolour pearls of medium/light darkness, which suit the demands of the European market. From an environmental point of view, the 1) [B] phenotype showed no significant variation for light and other pearl colour production, and 2) [Y] phenotype produced both the same rate of pearl darkness level and green colour pearls whatever the grow‐out location. A classification tree model was built to predict, according to shell phenotype and culture location, the colour and darkness level of harvested pearls. Lustre was shown to be more influenced by the environment than by phenotype. These results should be taken into account in pearl farm production management and in selective breeding programmes. 相似文献
20.
熊本牡蛎多嵴和无嵴品系F1生长性状的群体选育 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
为了改良熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea)生长性能,以多嵴品系和无嵴品系熊本牡蛎为材料,以壳高为指标,按照10%留种率,采用截头法进行了两个品系的群体选育研究,结果表明:选择反应及现实遗传力随着个体增大而增加,且多嵴品系选择反应略高于无嵴品系。对于多嵴品系而言,幼虫期、稚贝期、养成的选择反应及现实遗传分别为0.33±0.04、0.19±0.02,0.46±0.03、0.26±0.02,0.63±0.11、0.36±0.07;无嵴品系的分别为0.30±0.04、0.17±0.02,0.43±0.03、0.25±0.02,0.58±0.10、0.33±0.06。经过1周年的养成,多嵴品系和无嵴品系的壳高遗传改进量分别为8.41%、7.71%。由此可见,两个品系的现实遗传力相对较高,说明存在着一定程度的遗传变异。研究为熊本牡蛎遗传改良及新品系培育提供了理论与实践基础。 相似文献