共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 890 毫秒
1.
洞庭青鲫产于湖南省澧县北民湖,因个体大且背部青灰而得名,其快速生长的特性和异于普通鲫的体型令作者怀疑前人报道的"二倍体群体"结果。为此,从银鲫微卫星文库中筛选9个位点构建微卫星鲫倍性鉴定体系,同时采用流式细胞术和染色体核型分析完成了洞庭青鲫倍性鉴定。结果显示,建立的微卫星鲫倍性鉴定体系能够100%区分二倍体、三倍体和四倍体鲫,微卫星基因分型结果显示136尾洞庭青鲫均为三倍体,各位点的等位基因数为1～3,样本基因型包括AAA、AAB/ABB、ABC 3种类型;洞庭青鲫血细胞DNA平均含量为159.42±5.64,与二倍体红鲫的血细胞DNA平均含量(102.43±3.54)比值(DI)为1.56∶1;流式细胞术与微卫星体系判定结果匹配度100%;染色体核型分析显示洞庭青鲫染色体数为3n=156±,核型公式为3n=39m+36sm+81sta,NF=231。建立了适用于鲫倍性鉴定的微卫星标记体系,且系统地证实了洞庭青鲫为三倍体鲫品种。 相似文献
2.
基于微卫星标记整合长牡蛎遗传图谱 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了提高长牡蛎遗传图谱上的微卫星标记密度,实验采用6个家系图谱间的共有微卫星标记作为锚定标记,构建了长牡蛎的整合图谱.该整合图谱共有161个微卫星标记,覆盖10个连锁群,图谱长度和平均间距分别为615.4和3.8 cM.各连锁群的标记数介于10 ～ 24个之间,连锁群长度为47.3～73.3 cM,是目前密度最高的长牡蛎微卫星图谱.不同作图家系连锁群上的标记分组保持一致,但标记顺序出现差异,可能与长牡蛎自然群体中存在大量的染色体重排现象有关.结果表明,该图谱可以为今后长牡蛎的遗传育种研究提供新的遗传工具. 相似文献
3.
大黄鱼与黄姑鱼异源三倍体的诱导和微卫星分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
参照大黄鱼雌核发育诱导程序,应用冷休克抑制大黄鱼(♀)与黄姑鱼(♂)杂交受精卵的第二极体排出,培育了两个异源三倍体家系(PPN1和PPN2)。异源三倍体家系的受精率、孵化率略低于大黄鱼自繁二倍体对照家系(PP),而初孵仔鱼畸形率略高于PP家系。倍性分析显示,异源三倍体家系初孵仔鱼细胞DNA含量约为大黄鱼自繁对照家系的初孵仔鱼细胞DNA含量的1.46倍,且三倍体率达到100%。5个微卫星标记分析结果表明,父本杂合基因在异源三倍体中分离,后代分别得到父本两个等位基因中的一个,分离比符合孟德尔式遗传预期;由于基因的第二次分离被阻断,母本基因在异源三倍体中的传递表现出半四分子的特点,其中部分个体同时保留了母本两个等位基因,表现为杂合基因型。综合倍性分析和微卫星分析结果可以判断,异源三倍体家系成员为含有2个大黄鱼基因组和1个黄姑鱼基因组的异源三倍体。可见,大黄鱼减数分裂雌核发育或三倍体诱导程序中用于抑制第二极体排放的条件,同样适用于诱导异源三倍体。然而,PPN1和PPN2的仔鱼在15日龄后出现生长停滞,陆续死亡,没有个体存活超过1个月,表明母本染色体加倍不能有效提高杂种成活率,但异源三倍体仔鱼可作为遗传作图、基因组比较... 相似文献
4.
太平洋牡蛎微卫星引物对三角帆蚌的适用性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
三角帆蚌（Hyriopsis cumingii）是我国特有种，它形成的珍珠具有珠质光滑细腻、色泽鲜艳等方面的优点，是淡水蚌中育珠质量最佳者，已成为最主要的淡水养殖珍珠蚌。本研究选取已发表的32对太平洋牡蛎的微卫星引物在三角帆蚌基因组DNA中进行PCR扩增，探讨太平洋牡蛎的引物用于三角帆蚌基因组微卫星分析的可能性。通过优化PCR反应条件，筛选13对引物可在三角帆蚌基因组中扩增出特异性条带（占总数的4l％）；其中10对引物（占总数的3l％）在洞庭湖三角帆蚌小群体中即检测到了个体间等位基因的多态性，共出现40条多态性条带。10个位点杂合度大小在0．125到0．693之间，其中7个微卫星位点（Cgi-10，Cgi-22，Cgi-24，Cgi-26。Cgi-29，Cgi-30，Cgi-32）为高度多态性位点，杂合度大于0．500，而其余3个微卫星位点（Cgi-1，Cgi-18 and Cgi-25）杂合度小于0．500，为低度多态性位点。初步的结果表明，部分太平洋牡蛎的微卫星引物可以用于三角帆蚌基因组的分析，这为其它贝类微卫星标记的开发奠定了基础。 相似文献
5.
僧帽牡蛎三倍体和二倍体的生长比较↑（*） 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
１９９３ 年采用高温（３７ ℃） 休克处理受精卵１５ ｍｉｎ ,抑制第一极体排放诱导出僧帽牡蛎三倍体,在早期幼虫阶段,处理组幼虫平均壳长显著较对照组大,经过１ 年的养殖,三倍体壳长、壳高、软体部湿重和干重分别比二倍体增加１３ ．２ ％ 、８ ．９ ％ 、１２４ ．６ ％ 和８７ ．１ ％ 。１９９７ 年采用０ ．５ ｍｇ／Ｌ 细胞松弛素Ｂ 在５０ ％ 受精卵出现第一极体时处理受精卵１５ ｍｉｎ 诱导出僧帽牡蛎三倍体,经过１４ 个月养殖,三倍体壳长、壳高、体重和软体部湿重分别比二倍体增加３９ ．２６ ％ 、１７ ．２５ ％ 、７２ ．５０ ％ 和１１８ ．４２ ％ ,除个别月份外,三倍体和二倍体的生长差异显著（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ,僧帽牡蛎三倍体较二倍体具有明显的生长优势。 相似文献
6.
刺参微卫星标记与生长性状体重、体长的相关分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用单标记分析法分析了10个微卫星位点与控制体重、体长数量性状的QTL的连锁关系。10对微卫星引物在8月龄具有生长性状差异的60个刺参个体基因组DNA中扩增得到50个等位基因,每个微卫星位点等位基因数3~7个,平均有效等位基因个数5.0。10个微卫星位点的多态信息含量为0.268 0~0.825 6不等,观测杂合度为0.083 3~0.666 7。采用SPSS软件对刺参的体重、体长生长性状和微卫星位点相关性进行分析,结果显示,微卫星位点AjSSR02基因型AB、AD、CD与体重和体长相关,AjSSR04标记中等位基因A对生长性状有正面影响,位点AjSSR06基因型FF个体仅平均体重与其他基因型个体显著差异,AjSSR09标记的A和B等位基因分别对生长性状具有正面和负面不同影响。 相似文献
7.
荧光标记微卫星技术用于凡纳滨对虾不同家系亲权关系鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用荧光标记微卫星技术对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)家系进行亲权鉴定。挑选14个多态信息含量较高的微卫星位点,以人工选育建立的凡纳滨对虾5个全同胞家系为试验材料,采用Cervus 3.0进行亲权分析,并根据家系内个体间的遗传距离进行UPGMA聚类分析。结果表明,14个微卫星位点的平均等位基因数为6,平均多态信息含量为0.6896,平均期望杂合度为0.7309,平均观测杂合度为0.7661,第一亲本、第二亲本和双亲的累计排除率分别为0.99721733、0.99996559和0.99999997;进一步模拟分析表明,要达到亲权鉴定的要求,在双亲性别已知时至少需要5个微卫星位点,双亲性别未知时至少需要6个微卫星位点;模拟分析及试验验证所选用的14个微卫星位点最多可以鉴定1 954个已知性别的亲本或1 203个未知性别的亲本。所选用的14个微卫星标记可在生产及科研试验中用于获取凡纳滨对虾系谱信息。 相似文献
8.
以定向交尾技术构建的4个谱系清晰的家系为材料,检测两对微卫星标记Pot17和Pot42在三疣梭子蟹家系鉴别中的应用效果。结果表明,两个位点在4个家系的5个已知父母本和98个后代中共检测出11个等位基因,其中Pot17位点6个,Pot42位点5个。分析显示,上述检出的等位基因频率在0.0291和0.3592之间,Pot17和Pot42位点的期望杂合度分别为0.7740和0.7577,观测杂合度分别为0.6214和0.6796,多态信息含量分别为0.7373和0.7129。根据已知亲本和子代基因型,推断出了4个家系全部亲本的基因型。Pot17和Pot42微卫星标记具有达0.995的较高累积个体识别率,可以用于三疣梭子蟹的亲子关系鉴定。 相似文献
9.
通过对长体圆鲹(Decapterus macrosoma)基因组进行RAD-Seq高通量测序,共获得58 180条微卫星序列,选取112条二、三核苷酸重复的微卫星序列设计引物,经筛选后,共获得27个具有多态性的微卫星标记。利用一个长体圆鲹群体对通过筛选的微卫星标记的种群遗传学特征进行评价。结果显示,27对引物扩增的序列中18个位点为二核苷酸重复,重复次数为9~14次,9个位点为三核苷酸重复,重复次数为6~10次,等位基因数(Na)为5~17 (平均10.6),表观杂合度(Ho)为0.342 9~0.857 1 (平均0.631 7),期望杂合度(He)为0.538 3~0.911 8(平均0.796 8),多肽信息含量(PIC)为0.497~0.886 (平均0.780 9),除1个位点外,其他位点PIC值均大于0.500,表明开发的微卫星位点具有较高的多态性。"哈迪-温伯格"平衡(HWE)检测结果显示,19个标记等位基因频率符合HWE。连锁不平衡检测表明各位点间无连锁不平衡现象。该研究开发的27个微卫星标记可为长体圆鲹种群遗传学研究提供基础。 相似文献
10.
为发掘三疣梭子蟹Ⅰ型微卫星标记,实验运用生物信息学方法,从NCBI数据库已公开的13 985条三疣梭子蟹EST序列中搜索微卫星位点.结果显示,共搜索到287个微卫星位点,其中主要为二核苷酸重复序列(173个),占总数的60.3％;其次为三核苷酸重复序列(79个),占总数的27.5％;四、五、六核苷酸重复位点较少;在二核苷酸重复位点中,AC/GT重复位点最为丰富,占二核苷酸重复位点总数的53.8％,AG/CT重复次之,占二核苷酸重复位点总数的37.0％,AT和GC重复较少.挑选14个Ⅰ型微卫星标记在野生三疣梭子蟹群体中进行多态性检测,发现8个位点呈多态性,平均多态信息含量(PIC)和平均遗传杂合度(H)分别为0.57和0.63.其中6个多态性位点的PIC值大于0.5,呈现较高多态性特征.研究表明,基于三疣梭子蟹EST数据发掘Ⅰ型微卫星标记的方法切实可行.本研究发掘的Ⅰ型微卫星标记将为三疣梭子蟹遗传多样性评估、遗传连锁图谱构建和QTL分析提供有效的分子标记. 相似文献
11.
Farming triploid oysters 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Although the commercial benefits of triploidy have been evaluated in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793), eastern oyster C. virginica (Gmelin, 1791), Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata (Gould, 1850) and European flat oyster Ostrea edulis (Linnaeus, 1750), so far this technique has only been commercialised for Pacific oysters.
Commercial production of triploids on the West Coast of North America began in 1985. Since then production of triploids has greatly increased and the use of tetraploid males to fertilise eggs from diploids to produce batches of 100% triploids has been developed. In 1999/2000, triploid Pacific oysters made up 30% of all Pacific oysters farmed on the West Coast of North America. Some hatcheries now use tetraploid males instead of chemical or physical stress to produce triploids. The rapid uptake of triploid and tetraploidy techniques has been facilitated by the almost total dependence that these oyster industries have on hatcheries for the supply of seed. This industry in the Pacific Northwest of the US and in British Columbia, Canada, would not have developed to its current size without hatchery seed supplies. Triploids are preferred over diploids in summer because diploids are less marketable when in spawning condition.
There was only limited interest in triploidy production in France until 1999, when IFREMER began to make sperm from tetraploids available to commercial hatcheries. In 1999/2000, only 10% to 20% of all the hatchery-supplied Pacific oyster spat were triploids, but with the use of sperm from tetraploid oysters, this could increase sharply.
Elsewhere around the world, the commercial uptake of triploid oysters has been slow to develop. However, in countries where the production of Pacific oysters is based on hatchery supply of seed, it is likely that with the use of tetraploid oysters, the farming of triploid oysters will increase in the near future. 相似文献
12.
Xiangwei Wu Yuehuan Zhang Shu Xiao Yanping Qin Haitao Ma Ziniu Yu 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(4):866-877
Triploid oysters have been used for farming to improve growth but have not been created in the Kumamoto oyster, Crassostrea sikamea, which is one of the crucial aquaculture species on the southern coast of China. In the present study, triploids were created using cytochalasin B to inhibit polar body II release in C. sikamea, with the untreated oysters as controls. Triploidy rates of 87 and 57.67%, on average, were obtained in larvae and adults, respectively. Larval growth and survival of the triploid were significantly lower than that of the controls (p < 0.05). In contrast, the triploid postlarvae and adults had a significant growth advantage over the controls (p < 0.05) during the period of 180 (December) to 450 days (September of the next year). Moreover, the triploids clearly exhibited significant sterility in the reproductive season. The glycogen and triglyceride contents in the gonad, adductor muscle, mantle, and gill were higher in triploids than in controls from 180 to 450 days. As a result, high physiological energy supply was strongly correlated with superior growth and reduced reproduction in triploid C. sikamea. The triploid C. sikamea is an excellent oyster species and can be used to improve growth for C. sikamea farming. 相似文献
13.
Growth of triploid oyster, Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The performance of I and II meiotic triploids and control oysters (Crassostrea madrasensis) reared at Tuticorin Bay was compared to determine if the improvements in the growth of edible oysters were additive to faster growth in triploids. After a grow‐out period of 12 months, both mean whole weights and shell heights were in order I meiotic triploid>II meiotic triploid>control. Mean whole weights and shell height of different oyster lines were all significantly different (P<0.05). On an average, larger morphological traits indicated that growth improvements from triploids were additive, and throughout the study triploid oysters maintained faster growth rate than their diploid siblings. Condition index and adductor muscle diameter of both triploids were higher than those of control. 相似文献
14.
A comparative study of the survival,growth and gonad development of the diploid and triploid Hong Kong oyster,Crassostrea hongkongensis (Lam & Morton 2003) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Yuehuan Zhang Jun Li Yanping Qin Yangen Zhou Yang Zhang Ziniu Yu 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(5):2453-2462
The Hong Kong oyster, Crassostrea hongkongensis is an economically important and widely cultivated oyster species in southern China. Aiming to improve the aquaculture potentials of C. hongkongensis, a triploid organism was generated by inhibiting the second polar body formation in the fertilized eggs, using 0.5 mg L?1 cytochalasin B. Triploids exhibited significantly higher growth and were larger than the diploids throughout the life cycle. Much of the triploid growth advantage can be attributed to resource reallocation to structural development due to gonadal sterility. Most of the triploid oysters exhibited polymorphic sterility with atrophic gonads and abnormal gametogenesis. Only few ‘dysfunctional’ sperms were produced by the triploid males, thus ruling out reproductive and genetic contamination of natural oyster populations from triploid cultivations. This advantage in addition to the superior growth of triploids makes it a potent alternative in Hong Kong oyster aquaculture industry. Triploid survival was mostly found to be similar to that of diploids except for day 360, when a significant triploid advantage in terms of survival was noted. Furthermore, we found that growth and survival of Hong Kong oyster is significantly higher at the Zhuhai site in comparison to the Beihai site. Our results indicate a strong environmental effect in Hong Kong oyster cultivation and points to the fact that Zhuhai site was more suitable for oyster farming than the Beihai site. Overall, this study provides valuable information to the aquaculture industry of southern China. 相似文献
15.
长牡蛎中国群体和美国群体杂交效应与三倍体的优势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将长牡蛎中国群体二倍体分别与美国群体二倍体和四倍体进行杂交,实验共设置4组,分别为杂交二倍体组、杂交三倍体组、中国二倍体组和美国二倍体组,比较了各实验组卵裂率、D幼率、D形幼虫大小及幼虫期、稚贝期的壳高生长、存活率等生物学指标,并估算杂交二倍体的杂种优势率和杂交三倍体的三倍体优势率。结果表明,杂交二倍体幼虫壳高生长的杂种优势率不明显,平均杂种优势率为1.21%,幼虫的存活率及稚贝的壳高生长表现出明显的杂种优势,平均杂种优势率分别为34.47%和20.39%。杂交三倍体的D形幼虫大小、幼虫和稚贝的壳高生长、存活率均表现出三倍体优势,D形幼虫大小三倍体优势率为5.19%,幼虫期壳高生长和存活的平均三倍体优势率分别为4.00%和19.92%,稚贝壳高生长和存活的平均三倍体优势率分别为30.18%和54.43%,200日龄,杂交三倍体鲜体质量的三倍体优势率为202.96%,存活三倍体优势率为73.60%。此外,稚贝期的杂交二倍体生长性状的杂种优势率和杂交三倍体的三倍体优势率均高于幼虫期的优势率。研究表明,中、美两地理群体杂交获得的三倍体长牡蛎子代生长和存活性状都比二倍体优良。杂交三倍体的优良性状主要是三倍体优势,杂交优势的贡献率还有待进一步实验证实。 相似文献
16.
In a 2-year grow-out trial, triploid Sydney rock oysters, Saccostrea commercialis (Iredale & Roughley), from two initial size grades grew faster (in terms of both mean whole weight and shell height) than the equivalent initial size grades of sibling diploids (P < 0.05). Small size grade triploids caught up with and had significantly heavier (P < 0.05) final whole weights than large size grade diploids after a 2-years grow-out period. The initial size grade had a significant effect on final mean whole weight and shell height for both ploidy types. After the 2-years grow-out trial, the final mean whole weights (but not shell heights) of small and large diploids (35.8 ± 0.6 g and 39.4 ± 0.5 g, respectively) were significantly different (P < 0.05). Small and large triploids grew at a similar rate for the first 18 months despite the significantly (P < 0.05) heavier final mean weight of large grade triploids (48.4 ± 0.8 g and 61.2 ± 0.7 g, respectively). The effect of the initial size grade on subsequent growth of both diploid and triploid oysters which was demonstrated in the present study is of significant commercial value to hatchery and nursery operators as well as growers of single seed oysters. In addition, small-grade triploids appeared to be more valuable in terms of potential growth rate than all diploid grades. There was no significant difference in the final percentage triploidy between small and large grade triploids. A large proportion of diploid/triploid mosaicism was detected in adult oysters. 相似文献
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为阐明不同育性三倍体长牡蛎性腺发育与营养成分变化的关系,实验对不育型和可育型三倍体长牡蛎性腺发育过程中的主要营养成分(糖原、总蛋白质和总脂肪含量)进行分析,并与二倍体长牡蛎进行比较。结果显示,三倍体长牡蛎性腺—内脏团、闭壳肌和外套膜3种组织中的糖原含量均显著高于同时期的二倍体长牡蛎,性腺—内脏团和闭壳肌中的总蛋白质含量则显著低于同时期的二倍体。随着性腺发育,可育型三倍体长牡蛎性腺—内脏团的糖原含量下降了31.88%,二倍体长牡蛎下降82.41%,而不可育型三倍体长牡蛎糖原含量下降了0.55%,这与糖原为配子发生供能密切相关。此外,不育型三倍体长牡蛎性腺—内脏团的糖原、总蛋白质和总脂肪含量在繁殖季节中均没有发现明显的波动,而可育型三倍体长牡蛎由于性腺一定程度的发育,其营养成分含量的变化趋势与二倍体类似。研究表明不育型和可育型三倍体长牡蛎在繁殖季节营养成分存在明显的差异,不育型三倍体的糖原品质性状优于可育型,这为长牡蛎育性控制育种提供了重要参考依据。 相似文献
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Assignment of parentage in triploid species using microsatellite markers with null alleles,an example from Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Penny A Miller Nicholas G Elliott René E Vaillancourt Anthony Koutoulis John M Henshall 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(4):1288-1298
Triploid production in aquaculture is increasing because of their more profitable growth and reproduction traits. Triploids are mostly produced through mass spawning techniques, meaning that exact pedigree is unknown. The ability to trace the pedigree of high performing triploids would allow selection of broodstock to perpetuate triploids of greater economic value. This study aimed to develop a method of determining parental assignment in triploids and test its accuracy on triploid oysters. Using a likelihood approach and accounting for null allele frequencies, a method was developed which proved to be efficient at determining the pedigree of triploid oysters. This method was able to provide accurate pedigree on simulated data and two commercial cohorts of triploid oysters. The analysis of the triploid cohorts showed that mass spawning to produce triploid oysters, like that for diploid and tetraploids, results in a strong bias in parental contributions, with the effective population size being 34‐49% lower than the census population. This highlights the need for pedigree control in breeding programs and indicates that the ability to determine parentage of triploids will be a valuable tool for breeding programs. 相似文献