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为研究盐度对紫海胆受精、孵化、胚胎发育、浮游幼体生长发育、摄食和变态的影响,本研究采用实验室培养幼体的方法,设置了不同盐度(15、20、25、30、35和40)的水体,对紫海胆的胚胎和浮游幼体进行实验。结果显示,紫海胆在盐度20～35范围内的受精率超过95%,但在盐度15和40下无法受精;盐度30下胚胎发育最快,孵化率显著高于其他盐度,为89.8%;浮游幼体期适宜盐度为25～35,最适盐度为30,盐度20和40下幼体仅能发育至八腕幼体Ⅰ期,而盐度15下幼体发育受抑制,一直停留在四腕幼体阶段,7 d后死亡;盐度为15～40时的八腕Ⅳ期幼体在72 h的变态率超过21.4%,其中盐度30下幼体变态率最高,为54.7%,且变态速率最快,能在24 h时出现稚胆。浮游幼体在盐度35时前侧腕和口后腕生长最快,胃面积在盐度30时最大,摄食率在盐度30时最大。研究表明,盐度对紫海胆的早期发育有较显著的影响。本研究能够为紫海胆人工育苗培育提供基础资料。 相似文献
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采用二氧化碳法和强酸法模拟海水酸化效应,研究两种海水酸化模式对中间球海胆早期发育及存活的影响。试验结果显示,两种海水酸化模式均能降低中间球海胆胚胎的上浮率和四腕浮游幼体的存活率;显微观察得知,两种海水酸化模式下,中间球海胆四腕浮游幼体均出现对称性缺失和骨针外露现象,且对称性缺失程度随海水pH的降低而升高;扫描电镜观察发现,两种海水酸化模式下,中间球海胆四腕浮游幼体骨针的表面及横截面均有溶蚀痕迹,且溶蚀程度随海水pH的降低而加剧。结果提示,海水酸化可通过降低胚胎上浮率、浮游幼体存活率以及破坏幼体对称性和骨针结构影响中间球海胆的早期发育及存活。 相似文献
3.
文章采用湛江叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria zhanjiangensis)、纤细角毛藻(Chaetoceros gracilis)、绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)、扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)及混合藻(金藻和角毛藻1∶1混合)投喂紫海胆(Anthocidaris crassispina),研究了微藻饵料对紫海胆浮游幼体生长发育的影响。结果表明,不同饵料对紫海胆浮游幼体生长发育的效果有差异,金藻是最佳饵料品种,角毛藻次之,其后分别为巴夫藻、小球藻和混合藻,扁藻不适于作为紫海胆浮游幼体的开口饵料。就饵料种类而言,金藻作为紫海胆浮游幼体饵料的成活率可达(23.12±1.8)%,显著高于其他单胞藻类(P<0.05)。就发育速度而言,以角毛藻和金藻混合喂食的海胆浮游幼体整体发育速度最快,幼体平均体长为(885.25±30.49)μm,显著高于其他5种处理(P<0.05);投喂巴夫藻的浮游幼体前期生长较慢,体长为(337.98±24.56)μm,后期较其他单胞藻类生长快,体长可达(580±32.95)μm,适宜作为紫海胆浮游幼体后期饵料。 相似文献
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本文主要探索紫海胆的养殖模式、饵料种类、饵料投喂量、放养密度和疾病防治等相关紫海胆养殖关键技术问题.试验结果表明:通过比较试验,紫海胆养殖模式以围网养殖效果为佳,经过230天的养殖,紫海胆均重达到53.2g,月增重达4.76g;海带为紫海胆最好的饵料,但多种藻类配合使用效果更佳,饵料投喂量以紫海胆体重的6%左右的投喂量为佳;紫海胆苗种养殖密度以每箱800个(267个/m3)的成活率最高,达98.25%,生长速度最快,均重达49.9g,月增重8g,产量为11.87kg/m3,考虑养殖效益因素,则紫海胆苗种1000个/沉箱(333个/m3)的放养密度为佳,其成活率达98.1%,均重达48.4g,月增重6.9g,产量达14.06/m3kg. 相似文献
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南方紫海胆摄食习性的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用实验生态学的方法研究了成体南方紫海胆(Anthocidaris crassispina)的摄食和活力情况。结果表明,紫海胆在5种海藻共存的情况下,对不同海藻类具有不同选择性,日摄食率有显著性差异,对琼枝麒麟菜(Betaphycus gelatinum)的嗜食性最高,其次为半叶马尾藻(Sargassum hemiphyllum)、石花菜(Gelidium amansii)、石莼(Ulva lactuca),对刺松藻(Codium fragile)的喜好性较差。紫海胆的摄食受水温、海藻种类和自身体质量的影响,在23~27℃时活力和摄食状态最佳,水温升高和降低均会显著抑制其摄食;成体紫海胆对石莼、半叶马尾藻和琼枝麒麟菜的日摄食率有显著差异;在最适摄食水温下,紫海胆日摄食率随体质量增加呈显著的指数下降趋势。 相似文献
7.
通过构建光照强度与浮游植物生物量和群落结构特征参数的关系曲线,为三峡水库水华预测预报模型的构建提供基础数据,同时也为水库调度的方案提供理论依据。基于三峡水库野外原位观测数据的分析结果,针对性设计不同梯度光照强度下浮游植物的生长演替规律室内控制实验。结果表明:(1)光照是影响浮游植物生物量和多样性的关键要素,光照强度0~4 500 lx,浮游植物的生物量随着光照强度的增加而增加,在光照强度为4 500 lx时,浮游植物生物量达到最大,但光强超过4 500 lx之后,浮游植物的生物量随着光照强度的增加而减少;光照强度0~1 500 lx,浮游植物群落多样性随着光强的增加而增加,在光照强度为1 500 lx时,浮游植物群落多样性达到最大;光照强度1 500~4 500 lx,浮游植物群落多样性随着光照强度的增加而减少;当光强超过4 500 lx,浮游植物群落多样性随着光照强度的增加而增加;(2)从制定三峡水库生态调度方案的角度来看,当光照强度在1 500 lx时,浮游植物生物量达到最低,此时其群落多样性达到最大,为最佳的调度方案光照参数;(3)浮游植物生物量(y)与光照强度(x)的关系为:y=2×10~(-8)x~3-5×10~(-4)x~2+3.1923x-122.92(R~2=0.934,P0.01),两者极显著相关;多样性指数(y)与光照强度(x)的关系式为:y=2×10~(-12)x~3-3×10~(-8)x~2+10~(-4)x+0.3266(R~2=0.554,P0.01),两者极显著相关。 相似文献
8.
为比较紫海胆不同家系间幼体生长发育的差异,实验构建了9个紫海胆全同胞家系,比较了其受精率、孵化率、幼体存活率、变态率、开口率、幼胆生长、性腺发育和消化道微生物组成。方差分析表明,各个家系的受精率均在95%以上,无显著性差异,而其他指标在不同家系间均存在显著性差异。孵化率、早期幼体存活率、晚期幼体存活率、变态率和开口率最高的家系分别为3号(58%)、1号(83%)、4号(90%)、2号(75%)和9号(100%),最低的家系分别为6号(0%)、3号(42%)、2号(76%)、9号(6%)和5号(24.5%)。幼胆生长速率最快是3号家系为146%;最慢的是5号家系为76%。3号家系在实验结束时性腺发育明显;而其他家系性腺未见发育。3号家系的消化道微生物中拟杆菌门丰度较高,变形菌门丰度低;生长速率较慢的5号家系则与之相反。研究结果表明,紫海胆不同家系间的生产性状存在差异,具有选育改良的潜力,实验为紫海胆良种培育积累了相关数据。 相似文献
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以中国主要经济海胆马粪海胆(Hemicentrotus Pulcherrimus)、虾夷马粪海胆(Strongylocentrotus intermedius)、光棘球海胆(Strongylocentrotus nudus)、紫海胆(Anthocidaris crassispina)以及杂交种海胆-马粪海胆(♀)×虾夷马粪海胆(♂)、虾夷马粪海胆(♀)×光棘球海胆(♂)、马粪海胆(♀)×紫海胆(♂)和紫海胆(♀)×光棘球海胆(♂)为对象,进行海胆的血细胞及体液中酶活力的研究。结果表明,海胆血细胞可分为4类,分别为色素细胞、纤毛游走细胞、变形吞噬细胞和无色球形细胞,比例分别为4.56%~10.96%、9.69%~12.18%、76.40%~85.36%和0.35%~1.03%;海胆血细胞体外有凝聚和吞噬现象。不同种海胆体液中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(LSZ)的酶活力测定结果显示,紫海胆血清中各种酶的活性都较高,其中碱性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性在6种海胆中都是最高的,分别为2.871 U/mg和182.149 U/mL。马粪海胆(♀)×虾夷马粪海胆(♂)的溶菌酶活性最高,为0.085 U/mL;虾夷马粪海胆(♀)×光棘球海胆(♂)的酸性磷酸酶活性最高,为1.070 U/mg,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。[中国水产科学,2006,13(1):33-38] 相似文献
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1.在水温10～13℃,光照强度500勒、每日光照20小时的条件下,巨藻配子体的生长、发育速度快于2000勒、每日光照16小时和3000勒、每日光照8小时组。 2.巨藻幼体从低光强500勒、每日光照20小时的培养条件下,大幅度地调至光强2000勒、每日光照16小时和光强3000勒、每日光照8小时下,除了幼藻体长和早期附着器的生长速度减慢外,对幼藻叶片色泽、健康和早期附着器均无损伤。 3.在幼藻培养过程中,大幅度地调整光照强度时,必需给予培养光强下的最佳光照时间。 相似文献
11.
Kenzo Yoseda Kazuhisa Yamamoto Kimio Asami Masayuki Chimura Koji Hashimoto Shinichi Kosaka 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,279(1-4):55-62
This study investigated the effect of different light intensities on feeding, growth and survival of early stage leopard coral grouper Plectropomus leopardus larvae. Four different light intensities (0, 500, 1000 and 3000 lx) were used and larvae were kept under constant light conditions from 0 day after hatching (DAH) to 5 DAH. The larvae were fed a small S-type of Thai strain rotifers at a density of 20 individuals/mL from 2 DAH. The number of rotifers in larval digestive organ and total length of larvae were examined at 3 h intervals between 04:00 and 22:00 h on 3 DAH, and thereafter at 6 h intervals until the end of the experiment (5 DAH). Four experimental trials of the larval rearing were repeated using by 60 kL mass-scale rearing tanks. The results indicate that coral grouper larvae are visual feeders and their food intake increases with increasing light intensity. Food intake of larvae reared at 3000 lx was significantly higher than those reared at 0–1000 lx on 3 DAH despite being the first-feeding day (P < 0.01). On 4 DAH, total length of larvae reared at 3000 lx was significantly larger than those reared at the lower light intensities (0, 500 and 1000 lx), and thereafter light intensity significantly influenced larval feeding and growth until the end of the experiment. Survival on 5 DAH did not show a significant difference between light intensities, but survival rate at 3000 lx and 1000 lx had a tendency to be higher than those reared at the lower light intensities (0 and 500 lx). In contrast, larvae reared at 0 lx exhibited stagnant and/or negative growth. These results indicate that light intensity is significantly the factor affecting larval feeding, growth, and survival in coral grouper larvae under the rearing conditions. 相似文献
12.
Li Li Yongsheng Zhang Shuanglin Dong Fang Wang Qinfeng Gao 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(9):2333-2340
The growth rate, survival rate, development and setting rate of larval sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus were measured under four light intensities (0, 50, 500 and 2,000 lx), and the growth rate and metabolism of the juvenile sea cucumbers were investigated under four light intensity treatments (0, 100, 1,000 and 2,500 lx). The light requirements (i.e. intensity) of the sea cucumber changed as they grew. Better growth performance, development and survival rate were observed in embryos and larvae under 500 lx treatment. However, reduced light intensity (50 lx) increased the settlement rate of the larvae. The highest specific growth rate occurred in juvenile sea cucumbers under 1,000 lx. The sea cucumbers in this group also had the lowest oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate, but the highest O:N ratio, indicating that the optimal light intensity for the juvenile sea cucumber culture was 1,000 lx. Therefore, appropriate light intensities were suggested to provide larval and juvenile sea cucumbers with better growth and development conditions. 相似文献
13.
Tomoki Honryo Michio Kurata Dario Sandval Saki Yamao Amado Cano Yoshifumi Sawada 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(3):553-562
This study aimed to examine the effect of different water temperatures and light intensities on swim bladder inflation (SBI) and growth of red sea bream Pagrus major larvae to improve rearing techniques for this species. Two sets of experiments were conducted: different rearing temperatures were used in experiment 1 (19, 21, 23, and 25 °C), and different light intensities in experiment 2 (250, 1000, 4000, and 16,000 lx). Water temperature did not affect SBI frequency, but SBI initiation was accelerated at higher temperature, i.e., it was initiated on 3 days post-hatching (dph) at 25 °C and on 6 dph at 19 °C, suggesting that the promotion period for SBI, which needs a surface skimmer to be run, also accelerated with increasing temperature in red sea bream larviculture. A higher temperature also significantly promoted larval growth, although the notochord of larvae at SBI initiation was shorter at higher temperatures. Light intensity had no effect on either the initiation or the frequency of SBI. However, light intensity of 250 lx significantly reduced early larval growth compared to light intensities higher than 1000 lx. These results indicate that light at an intensity greater than 1000 lx at the water surface is suitable for the early larviculture of red sea bream. 相似文献
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In this work performance parameters of larval pike-perch (Sander lucioperca) reared under four different light intensities (100, 500, 1000 and 2500 lx) until 21 days post hatch (dph) were investigated. As performance parameters change in length and weight, swim bladder inflation, feed consumption, natural mortality, stress induced mortality and RNA-DNA ratio were measured. Aim was to investigate the influence of light intensity on pike-perch performance during the first three weeks of larval rearing. Significant differences were found in natural and stress induced mortality as well as in weight growth. No single light exposure level combined optimal performance of all tested performance parameters. Highest light intensity of 2500 lx showed good weight growth but an increase in stress induced mortality. Bright light of 500 and 1000 lx intensity was found to improve growth and stress mortality whereas dim light conditions of 100 lx showed significantly lower natural mortality. Thus data suggested that most favorable illumination during larval pike-perch rearing comprise a tradeoff between optimal natural mortality under dim light conditions (100 lx) or optimal larval growth and stress resistance under bright light conditions (500 and 1000 lx). It is shown that high light intensities during larval rearing can be beneficial for pike-perch rearing if offspring supply is not limited. 相似文献
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Joebert Delfin TOLEDO Nora Blanca CABEROY Gerald Fontelera QUINITIO Casiano Hermopia CHORESCA Jr Heisuke NAKAGAWA 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(3):478-483
ABSTRACT: A series of experiments were conducted to examine the effects of salinity, aeration and light intensity on oil globule absorption, feeding incidence, and growth and survival of early-stage Epinephelus coioides larvae. Newly hatched larvae were transferred to 40-L aquaria at a density of 1500 individuals/aquarium. Larvae were exposed to different levels of aeration (0 mL/min per L, 0.62 mL/min per L, 1.25 mL/min per L, 2.50 mL/min per L, or 3.75 mL/min per L); salinity (8 ppt, 16 ppt, 24 ppt, 32 ppt, or 40 ppt); and light intensity (0 lx, 120 lx, 230 lx, 500 lx, or 700 lx) for 4–6 days. Twenty larvae were sampled daily at 11:00 hours to measure for total length (TL), oil globule volume, and feeding incidence. Survival rates were determined by counting the total number of larvae remaining in each aquarium at the end of the experiment. Significantly higher survival rates ( P < 0.05) were observed at aeration levels of 0.62 mL/min per L and 1.25 mL/min per L, at salinity levels of 16 ppt and 24 ppt, and at light intensities of 500 lx and 700 lx. The influence of aeration level, salinity and light intensity on oil globule absorption, feeding incidence, and growth and survival of early-stage grouper larvae are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Effects of light intensity on husbandry parameters,digestive enzymes and whole‐body composition of juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial sea water 
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下载免费PDF全文 To provide a specific lighting system to aquaculture, a completely randomized design with five light treatments with three replicates was used to investigate effects of light intensity on juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial sea water. The weight gain rate (WG, %), specific growth rate (SGR % day?1), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survival rate (S, %) were significantly higher at the 320–1150‐lx treatments (P ≤ 0.05) compared with the other treatments, but the highest food conversion ratio (FCR) was at the 0‐lx treatment and the lowest at 600–1150 lx. Total protease, amylase and lipase activities in liver, stomach and intestine were significantly higher at 320–1150‐lx conditions and significantly lower at 0 lx (P ≤ 0.05) than in the other treatments. The highest contents of crude protein and crude lipid were observed at 600–1150 lx and 320–550 lx respectively. However, both moisture and ash were highest at 0 lx and lowest at 600–1150 lx. The results indicated that light intensity could significantly affect husbandry parameters, digestive enzymes and whole‐body composition of juvenile E. coioides, with optimal light intensity being at 600–1150 lx. 相似文献
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光照对黄盖鲽仔鱼生长_发育及摄食的影响 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
光照对黄盖鲽仔鱼的生长、发育及摄食有显著影响,各组仔鱼的体长与体高在２０日时均产生极显著的差异;Ｄｕｎｃａｎ多范围检验表明：４０－６０ｌｘ光照度下仔鱼生长最好;在４０－７０００ｌｘ范围内随光照度的增强,生长则变差,存活率下降,畸形个体增加,暗条件下及３－６ｌｘ条件下的仔鱼在１２日龄时全部因饥饰物而死亡。在卵黄囊期的各组仔鱼不受外界环境影响,生长情况近似。４０－７０００ｌｘ光照度之间的５且在４日龄至 相似文献
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Light intensity effects on early life stages of black sea bass, Centropristis striata (Linnaeus 1758) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effects of four light intensities on growth and survival of first‐feeding stage black sea bass larvae Centropristis striata were investigated in a controlled‐environment laboratory. Fertilized eggs, obtained from LHRHa‐induced spawning of captive broodstock, were stocked (72 eggs L?1) into twenty 15 L black tanks under light intensities of 100, 500, 1000 and 1500 lx, with five replicate tanks per treatment. The photoperiod was 12L:12D, the temperature was 20°C and the salinity was 35 g L?1. Larvae were fed rotifers Brachionus rotundiformis from day 2 post‐hatching (d 2ph) at 5–10 rotifers mL?1. Microalgae Nannochloropis oculata and Isochrysis sp. were added (1:1) daily to maintain a density of 300 000 cells mL?1. Hatching success and larval growth and survival from d 2ph through d 15ph were monitored. Hatching success was 28–38% under all light intensities, and notochord length at hatching ranged from 2.8 to 3.0 mm, with no significant differences among treatments. By d 15ph, growth (mg wet weight) was significantly higher in the 1000 lx (0.914) and 1500 lx treatments (0.892) than in 100 lx (0.483), and a highly significant trend (P<0.01) towards increased survival with increasing light intensities was observed, from 1.3% at 100 lx to 13.9% at 1500 lx. Higher light intensities within the range of 100–1500 lx improved growth and survival of early larval black sea bass, suggesting that even higher light intensities may improve culture performance. This is consistent with conditions in shallow, near‐shore locations where eggs and larvae are distributed in nature. 相似文献
19.
Iram Zavala‐Leal Silvie Dumas Renato Peña Mauricio Contreras‐Olguín Dora Hernández‐Ceballos 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(9):1399-1406
Feeding incidence or number of larvae with preys (FIC) and intensity or number of prey per larvae (FIT) at first feeding of Pacific red snapper ( Lutjanus peru) larvae was investigated under different conditions: prey type (rotifer and copepod nauplius) and density, nauplii size, light intensity, water temperature, salinity and microalgae concentration. Rotifers were not consumed at any prey density and FIC increased significantly when a high nauplii density (10 > 1, 0.1 mL?1) and light intensity (2000 > 1000, 500, 0 lx) were supplied. In a multifactorial experiment where light intensity (2000, 2500, 3000 lx), tank colour (grey and black) and prey type (nauplii and a mixed diet: rotifers and nauplii) were tested, a significant difference was found only for light intensity and prey type with a significant interaction between these factors. FIC was significantly higher with nauplii stage I–III than IV–VI and also at 25 °C than at 28 °C. Green water (0, 0.3 × 106 or 1 × 106 cells mL?1) and salinity (25, 30, 35 gL?1) did not affect FIC. FIT was not affected by any variables tested except in the density experiment where it was significantly higher at 10 nauplii mL?1. 相似文献
20.
Robert A. Jimmy Maeve S. Kelly Andy R. Beaumont 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2003,220(1-4):261-275
Several species of sea urchins are now being cultivated for commercial purposes and with the continued increased demand for sea urchin gonads as a food product, new species are being assessed for their aquaculture and market potential. This study focussed on establishing protocols for the production of common sea urchin Echinus esculentus larvae and juveniles to assess its potential as an echinoculture species. Two trials were carried out, the first trial evaluated the influence of three microalgal diets (D=Dunaliella tertiolecta only, mixed D/P=D. tertiolecta plus Phaeodactylum tricornutum and P=P. tricornutum only) on larval morphology. Larval length, width, post-oral arm length and rudiment length were significantly effected by diet. Diets D and D/P prompted more rapid metamorphosis. In the second trial, the effects of different rations of D. tertiolecta were tested. The food ration, standard ration (SR; 1000, 3000, and 5000 cells ml−1) and high ration (HR; 3000, 9000, and 15,000 cells ml−1) were increased as the larvae acquired the 3rd and 4th pair of larval arms. Larvae fed the SR were significantly larger (longer and wider) and had significantly longer rudiments than those in the HR treatment. The number of larvae metamorphosing and settling onto substrates was significantly higher in treatment SR compared to HR. Optimising the larval diet shortened the larval stage from 21–23 days in the first trial to 16 days in the second trial. The maximum percentage of metamorphosing individuals which survived to post-larvae or juveniles (10 days after they were first judged competent to settle) was 46.6%, suggesting E. esculentus is a viable aquaculture candidate. 相似文献