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1.
由中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)单对杂交亲本(G♀和G♂)及其F2为作图群体,构建了中国明对虾RAPD分子标记的遗传连锁图谱。109个引物共产生284个符合孟德尔分离规律的位点,符合1∶1孟德尔分离类型的位点共234个,符合3∶1孟德尔分离类型的位点50个。利用拟测交理论分别构建中国明对虾雌虾、雄虾的遗传连锁图谱。107个1∶1分离标记分布于雌虾连锁图谱中,包括31个连锁群,图谱总长度为1 406.1 cM,所有标记间的平均间隔为18.5 cM;91个1∶1分离标记分布于雄虾连锁图谱中,包括26个连锁群,图谱总长度为1 187.7 cM,所有标记间的平均间隔为18.27 cM;利用F2自交模型构建了雌虾和雄虾共同的分子标记,35个3∶1分离标记分布于雌雄共有的连锁图谱中,包括10个连锁群,图谱总长度为432.9 cM,所有标记间的平均间隔为17.3 cM。 相似文献
2.
利用AFLP和SSR标记技术结合"拟测交"策略,以三疣梭子蟹莱州湾、舟山野生群体杂交(1♂×3♀)产生的F2代家系为作图群体,初步构建了三疣梭子蟹雌、雄性遗传连锁图谱。用经过筛选的60对AFLP引物和3对SSR引物对亲本及108个F2代个体进行遗传分析,共得到母本分离标记214个,其中155个标记(AFLP标记153个,SSR标记2个)符合1∶1孟德尔分离规律;父本分离标记195个,139个标记(AFLP标记138个,SSR标记1个)符合1∶1孟德尔分离规律。雌性图谱包括100个遗传标记,分布在9个连锁群,6个三联体,15个连锁对,图谱总长度为1544cM,标记平均间隔22.0cM,总覆盖率为52.9%。雄性图谱包括71个遗传标记,分布在6个连锁群,6个三联体,11个连锁对,图谱总长度1174.2cM,标记平均间隔24.0cM,总覆盖率为49.5%,图谱中遗传标记分布比较均匀。 相似文献
3.
利用基因组测序得到的大量微卫星序列,以681383B为父本、6812E36为母本杂交获得的F1为作图群体,构建了牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)微卫星标记(SSR)遗传连锁图谱。雌雄图谱共定位SSR标记529个,其中雄性连锁图谱包括418个标记,分布在24个连锁群上,总长度1 418.1 cM,标记平均间隔3.62 cM,图谱覆盖率为88.7%;雌性连锁图谱包括437个标记,分布在24个连锁群上,总长度1 298.1 cM,标记平均间隔为3.16 cM,图谱覆盖率为89.1%。牙鲆中密度遗传图谱的构建为QTL分析以及分子标记辅助育种进一步奠定基础,并可以有效推动牙鲆的遗传改良工作,推动牙鲆养殖业的可持续发展。 相似文献
4.
坛紫菜遗传连锁图谱的构建 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以野生型坛紫菜纯系(♀)和红色型坛紫菜纯系(♂)作为杂交亲本,结合四分子分析法及单个体细胞克隆的丝状体途径,创建了由157个株系组成的坛紫菜DH作图群体,并用经过筛选的24对SRAP引物和16对SSR引物对父母本及作图群体各株系进行双标记分析,获得了224个多态性标记,其中157个标记符合孟德尔分离规律。根据标记间的连锁规律,首次构建了坛紫菜的分子遗传连锁图谱,所构建的遗传图谱由包含124个标记(含SRAP标记104个,SSR标记20个)的5个连锁群组成,总长度为879.2cM,平均标记间隔为7.09cM,各个连锁群长度为134.2～213.6cM,包含标记18～31个。最后采用3种不同方法计算得到坛紫菜的估计基因组长度平均为955.3cM,由此得到坛紫菜遗传连锁图谱的基因组覆盖率为92.0%。 相似文献
5.
半滑舌鳎微卫星标记遗传连锁图谱的构建 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用全基因组测序方法筛选出微卫星标记,以渤海近海野生个体和人工养殖的半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semi-laevis)为亲本交配产生的F1全同胞家系为作图群体,构建了半滑舌鳎雌、雄微卫星标记遗传连锁图谱。用320对引物对父母本和92个F1个体进行遗传分析,共得到288个分离标记,其中包含112个偏分离标记(P<0.05)。其中雌性框架图包含242个标记,分布在21个连锁群上,总长度1 311.9 cM,标记间平均距离为4.9 cM,图谱覆盖率为83.3%;雄性框架图定位标记218个,21个连锁群,总长度1 316.2 cM,标记间平均距离为5.5 cM,覆盖率为82%。半滑舌鳎遗传连锁图谱的构建为半滑舌鳎重要经济性状QTL定位、分子标记辅助育种和性别控制奠定了重要基础。 相似文献
6.
应用SSR和SRAP标记构建青虾遗传连锁图谱 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用SSR和SRAP标记结合拟测交策略构建青虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)遗传连锁图谱。共有175个标记(含27个SSR、148个SRAP标记)分布在53个连锁群上。每个连锁群含2~8个标记,其中不少于3个标记的连锁群有35个,连锁对18个,平均每个连锁群的标记数为3.3个;连锁群长度在6.7~91.2 cM之间,相邻标记间最大间隔为49.0 cM,最小为1.4 cM,平均间隔为13.1 cM。青虾框架图谱长度为997.2 cM,图谱观察总长度为2 270.5cM,根据估算,青虾遗传连锁图谱预期长度为4 380.6 cM,图谱的覆盖率为51.83%。本研究构建了青虾遗传连锁图谱,该图谱也是淡水虾蟹类第一张遗传连锁图谱,可为青虾QTL定位、基因克隆、遗传选育等提供指导,并为进一步构建高密度的青虾遗传连锁图谱奠定了基础。 相似文献
7.
为评估DNA随机扩增多态性标记在中国对虾遗传连锁图谱构建中的应用前景,利用中国对虾单对交配亲本及其子二代材料,对RAPD标记及其遗传规律进行了研究。22条RAPD随机引物扩增结果的统计分析表明,标记在中国对虾F2的遗传规律可归为不分离标记和分离标记:不分离标记,指在亲本和后代中均不分离的标记,占总位点的54.1%;分离标记占总位点的45.9%。其中,分离标记又包括符合孟德尔遗传分离的标记、偏离孟德尔遗传分离标记和异常分离标记。符合孟德尔分离的标记中,分离比例为3∶1的标记占分离标记的14.7%;总的1∶1标记占分离标记的64.7%;偏离孟德尔分离和异常分离的标记分别占分离标记的11.7%和8.9%。在这些分离的标记中,有76.5%的位点在"双假测交理论"的策略中适合构建中国对虾的遗传连锁图谱,这为以中国对虾F2为作图群体,并利用RAPD标记构建中国对虾遗传连锁图谱提供了理论支持。 相似文献
8.
中国对虾遗传连锁图谱的构建 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用RAPD、SSR和AFLP三种标记技术结合"拟测交"策略,以中国对虾"黄海1号"雌虾与野生雄虾作为亲本进行单对杂交产生的F1家系为作图群体,初步构建了中国对虾雌、雄性遗传连锁图谱.对460个RAPD引物和44对SSR引物进行筛选,共选出61个.RAPD和20对SSR引物,结合88对AFLP引物组合对父母本和82个F1个体进行了遗传分析.共得到783个分离标记(RAPD标记237个,微卫星标记45个,AFLP标记501个),761个标记用于连锁分析.雌性图谱包括40个连锁群和15个三联体,20个连锁对,标记间平均间隔为12.5 cM,图谱共覆盖2835.5 cM,覆盖率为73.5%;雄性图谱包括41个连锁群和6个三联体,12个连锁对,标记间平均间隔为11.9 cM,图谱共覆盖2776.7 cM,覆盖率为73.3%.中国对虾遗传图谱的构建为其分子标记辅助育种、比较基因组作图及数量性状位点(QTL)的定位与克隆奠定了基础. 相似文献
9.
为评估DNA随机扩增多态性标记在中国对虾遗传连锁图谱构建中的应用前景，利用中国对虾单对交配亲本及其子二代材料，对RAPD标记及其遗传规律进行了研究。22条RAPD随机引物扩增结果的统计分析表明，标记在中国对虾F2的遗传规律可归为不分离标记和分离标记：不分离标记，指在亲本和后代中均不分离的标记，占总位点的54.1%；分离标记占总位点的45.9%。其中，分离标记又包括符合孟德尔遗传分离的标记、偏离孟德尔遗传分离标记和异常分离标记。符合孟德尔分离的标记中，分离比例为3:1的标记占分离标记的14.7%;总的1:1标记占分离标记的64.7%；偏离孟德尔分离和异常分离的标记分别占分离标记的11.7%和8.9%。在这些分离的标记中，有76.5%的位点在“双假测交理论”的策略中适合构建中国对虾的遗传连锁图谱，这为以中国对虾F2为作图群体，并利用RAPD标记构建中国对虾遗传连锁图谱提供了理论支持。 相似文献
10.
鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)与鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)杂种的养殖性能优于亲本,在水产养殖中利用广泛.为促进鲢、鳙遗传资源管理、经济性状定位等研究,已构建了鲢鳙种间杂种亲本的遗传连锁图,但图谱以AFLP标记为主,利用范围有限.为提高图谱质量和可用性,本研究采用新开发的微卫星标记加密了鲢鳙杂种亲本连锁图.雌性亲本鲢的连锁图标记总数从153增加到288(包括新开发微卫星标记93个),雄性亲本鲢的连锁图标记总数从271增加到511(包括新开发微卫星标记136).鳙图谱总长度从852.0 cM增加到965.8 cM,鲢图谱总长度从952.2 cM增加到1049.6 cM.鲢、鳙图谱共线性比较甄别出22个同缘连锁群,标记排列只存在轻微重排现象.亲本间共享的76个微卫星标记界定的标记间隔总长度在亲本间无差异(雌:雄＝1:1),与鳞鲢种内杂种亲本共享微卫星标记界定间隔的总长度雌雄比(1:0.45)显著不同.与模拟自然受精(种内杂种)相比,混精受精(种间杂种)可增加雄性亲本基因组范围的重组率.鲢鳙形态相似,染色体组型相同,杂种可育,鲢鳙杂交对重组率没有影响或影响很小.根据研究结果,认为混精授精回避了精子竞争,强化了全基因组重排,不利于新形成的和已有的优良单倍型的保留,是鲢鳙养殖性能退化的原因之一. 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
12.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
13.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
14.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
15.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
16.
William King V David L. Berlinsky Craig V. Sullivan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(6):489-500
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass. 相似文献
17.
Cardiac,ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response. 相似文献
18.
Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
19.
An overview of stress physiology of fish transport: changes in water quality as a function of transport duration 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This study brings an integrated analysis about the relationship between water deterioration and its physiological consequences in live fish transport. The analysis was focused on the transport water and its deterioration, and physiological challenges imposed on the fish. Usual commercial handling procedures employed to mitigate fish stress during transport were discussed. Future topics of research for the establishment of safer fish transport protocols were proposed. Transport was classified into short (≤8 h) or long transport (>8 h). The main issue in short transports should be the prevention of water pH reduction, while in long transports it is the increase in ammonia. Plasma cortisol is the most employed marker for stress and is acutely elevated upon short episodes of transport, but remains elevated even in long‐transport events. Plasma glucose is perhaps a better marker for handling stress. Plasma lactate, pH, osmolality CO2 and ions should be more often evaluated. Plasma Na+ and Cl‐ are very useful markers of acidosis, due to their respective exchange for H+ and , for acid–base regulation. The establishment of species‐specific transport protocols should be preceded by such combined analyses of water and physiological parameters. 相似文献
20.
Are hatchery‐reared abalone naïve of predators? Comparing the behaviours of wild and hatchery‐reared northern abalone,Haliotis kamtschatkana (Jonas, 1845) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Abalone populations have declined worldwide, generating interest in enhancement using hatchery‐reared individuals. In many cases, such restoration efforts have met with limited success due to high predator‐induced mortality rates. Furthermore, the mortality rates of outplanted hatchery abalone are often considerably higher than for wild individuals. This study uses northern abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) as a case study to determine whether hatchery‐reared abalone behave differently than their wild counterparts. In the field, outplanted hatchery‐reared abalone were significantly less responsive than wild abalone, in terms of number of abalone responding and intensity of response, to nearby movement and to physical contact with an inert probe. Also, when encountering a cue to which all abalone responded (a seastar predator), hatchery‐reared individuals remained subdued. Anti‐predator behavioural deficits in hatchery‐reared abalone were more pronounced in 4‐year‐old individuals than in 1‐year‐old individuals, suggesting an influence of either age or amount of time spent in the hatchery environment. These behavioural differences are expected to increase the vulnerability of hatchery‐reared abalone to predators, and are likely a major cause of their elevated predator‐induced mortality when outplanted. 相似文献