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1.
水产养殖动物基因组研究的现状及其应用前景 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The genomic resources from human and several model organisms have been increased very fast since 1990. The techniques for developing genomic resources have already been very advanced and smart. These could make scientists see and improve organism in genomic level. For Chinese aquaculture scientists and aquatic industry, developing genomic resources and genetic tools for the native species are most important in the genomic era. The genomic resources and genetic tools for several aquatic species have been developed and some of them have been used in the marker based selection and other researches. The genome research work on aquaculture species was reviewed in this paper, especially a USDA genome project was focused. Some functional genomic research for aquatic animal was also discussed here. The importance and necessity of China aquaculture species genome project were discussed. Common carp and other cultured fishes in Cyprinidae such as grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp etc were recommended as the candidate species for genome research, because the output of all carps is almost up to 1/3 of total fisheries output in China. Common carp with another virtue for genome research is that there are much more families and strains in common carp than those in other cultured species in China, and those families and strains are the basis for genome research and mapping quantitative trait loci associated with important economic trait. Although the first linkage map of common carp made by Sun needs to be added with more markers for mapping QTL and Type I markers ,it has laid the groundwork for QTL mapping and markerassisted selection in common carp. Because the model organism zebrafish and common carp, grass carp and other carps cultured in China all belong to Cyprinidae, the China carp genome research will obtain a lot of useful information from zebrafish genome research. How the China carp genome program will be conducted and what kinds of strategy involved in this program were all suggested. How the results of the genome research of aquaculture species will be used in the aquaculture industry was reviewed and analyzed here. 相似文献
2.
For the purpose of improving water quality, biorotator is loaded with plenty of perforated plastie balls of which inner and outer appearances can adhere with biomenbrane, thus ‘having area increased about one time as with the same makes without the balls and water purifying rate over 80% while compared with the same sized biorotating disk. A long-term experiment has shown that the biorotator is well adaptable for fish farming, resulting in high yield per unit water area and low feed coefficient. Additionally, by means of biorotator the economic efficieney is 2.5-3 times higher than that without bloratator. 相似文献
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Waste water treatment on freshwater fish farms is problematic as waste material and water flows can vary greatly on a daily
basis, and, in terms of effluent standards, fish farm effluent represents a dilute waste water output. A study was undertaken
to investigate in detail the nature of the waste outputs under field conditions. Waste water samples were split by meshes
into the following size ranges: >200μm, 200-100μm, 100-60μm, 60-30μm and <30μm. Waste water quality parameters, suspended
solids (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and total phosphorus (TP) were examined for each size range at two freshwater fish farm sites in Scotland, as part of a
wider investigation into waste water quality of aquaculture operations. Results indicated that during periods of peak waste
output i.e. tank cleaning, approximately 80% of BOD5 and SS was present in a particle size range of 100-60μm, but only 66% of TP transport occurred in this size range. At other
times, low levels (≤40%) of entrapment of wastes by the chosen meshes was observed, suggesting a reversion to predominantly
dissolved material transport. Compared against a larger data set of outflow concentrations obtained from another section of
the study, maximum removal rates of 46%, 48% and 30% for BOD5, SS and TP respectively were determined. The implications for waste water treatment at fish farms are discussed. 相似文献
4.
鱼类诺达病毒及其所导致的疾病 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
In recent years, piscine nodaviruses have emerged as major pathogens of a wide range of larval and juvenile marine finfish resulting in high mortality in aquaculture worldwide. Affected fish exhibit a range of neurological signs, such as erratic swimming behaviour with the associated microscopic lesions of necrosis and vacuolation of the central nervous tissues and retina. Numerous roundshaped, unenveloped and 25-30 nm in diameter virus particles were found in the cytoplasm of affected retinal and nerve cells. Nodaviruses have a bipartite genome of positivesense RNA,with RNA1 encoding the RNAdependent RNA polymerase and RNA2 encoding the capsid protein. Both RNA are capped, but not polyadenylated. The family Nodaviridae comprises two genera: Alphanodavirus and Betanodavirus, members of which primarily infect insects and fish, respectively. Therefore, betanodavirus is also named piscine nodavirus. At present, piscine nodaviruses are divided into four genotypes based on partial sequences of the coat protein gene. ELISA and RT-PCR amplification have been developed as specific diagnostic methods for the d
etection of the virus. Antibodies to striped jack (Pseudocaranx dentex) nervous necrosis (SJNNV) were found in 65% of plasma samples collected from wild and domestic brood stocks of striped jack, suggesting that the virus is
very prevalent. Viral antigens were detected in eggs, larvae, and ovaries of hatcheryreared and wild spawner fish, suggesting both horizontal and vertical modes of transmission of the virus. Selection of nodavirusfree spawners using ELISA for detection of antigens and RT-PCR techniques have successfully reduced incidences of the virus infections in juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax),striped jack and barfin flounder (Verasper moseri). The SSN1 and GF cell lines have been successfully used in isolating piscinenodaviruses.Although there are many papers describing the molecular characteristics of betanodavirus, our knowledge of the genomic attributes of these viruses is still limited. Vaccination studies are being undertaken by a number of researchers and need to be fostered. In particular, the use of passive immunization of broodfish with homologous and heterologous, high titre antisera are worthy of investigation. 相似文献
5.
The article describes impeller aerator, soft and hard pellet mills, hydraulic pond-digging machine,water purifier etc. utilized in prawn pond clear, feed processing, aeration, water purification etc., on which mutiple-point tests were conducted with satisfactory results. In addition, it presents successful practice of live-fish container in the transportation of live-fish and juvenile prawn, as well as the effect of “artificial alga““ on water purification. 相似文献
6.
6种常用渔药对厚颌鲂鱼苗的急性毒性试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The acute toxicity of the mixture of copper sulphate and ferrous sulphate （ratio 5： 2）, potassium permanganate （ KMnO4 ） , trichlorphon （ C4H8O4 C13P） , strong-chloride, bromochloropropene and formalin towards Larva of Megalobrama pellegrini was studied at by biological toxic test method at the water temperature of 29℃ to 30℃. The results showed that the median-lethal concentrations of 48h were 5.78,6.50,4.90,2.55,0. 042,120 mg/L, respectively; the safe concentrations were 0. 445,0. 528 、0. 268,0. 190,0. 003,7. 500mg/L, respectively. The larva of Megalobrama pellegrini is more sensitive than other fish, bromochloropropene can＇t be used. The drug dosage and time should be based on the specific situation circumstances in production. 相似文献
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美洲黑石斑鱼营养成分分析与营养价值评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
In this experiment, the contents of the main nutrients such as protein, fat, moisture, ash, calcium and phosphorus were analysed, and the contents of the trace elements, amino acids and fatty acids in its muscle were determined for Centropristis striata. Moreover, its nutritional value was evaluated and compared with other fishes,livestocks and poultries. The results showed that the content of dry matter and protein are higher in its muscle. Then, all of 17 common amino acids（AA） contents in muscle was 17.51% in the fresh sample, and 7 of them are human essential amino acids（EAA）41.58% in the total amino acids（TAA）. The ratio of essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids（EAA/NEAA） was 84.46% ,and the essential amino acids index（EAAI） was 57.71. According to AAS and CS,which basically accorded with the issued standard value by FAO and WHO. The content of 5 delicious amino acids was 44.37% in the TAA, and the ratio of branched chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids was 2.83. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was 22.3% rich in its muscle also, in particular EPA and DHA. In conclusion, Centropristis striata is a species of delicious and high nutritional value,which well deserves exploitation and utilization. At the same time, this experiment was preparing for the next study to provide reference data for artificial feed and the expansion of aquaculture. 相似文献
9.
贵州方竹水库浮游生物多样性与氮、磷含分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
As it＇s revealed in the investigation data, significant differences of N, P concentration, as well as, the component and amount of plankton were absorved mong the upper, the middle and the downstream of Fangzhu reservoir. Upstream was seriously polluted, a obvious trait, namely artificial fertilization, was absorved in the middlestream,while, compared with the Water Environment Evaluation Criteria,the water quality of the downstream was located class IU, inferior conditions were detected also. This reservoir had exhibited a high Self-purification Capacity, compared with the upstream, the concentration of TN, TP, as well as the eutrophication index of N, P in the downstream were declined 19.74% and 68.81% ,3 and 19, respectively,while the biomasses of phytoplankton and zooplankton were tremendously increased 1 984. 4 and 10.6 times,respectively, as long as the phytoplankton diversity index, evenness index and dominance index,0.32,0.16 and 0.01 increases were observed, separately. In sum, the TP eutrophication appraisal index was extremely higher than that of TP in Fangzhu reservoir. 相似文献
10.
《齐鲁渔业》2014,(11):I0001-I0001
Added bagasse and Bacillus sp. to Litopenaeus vannamei intensive culture tank, the treatment groups were treatment A（added Bacillus sp.）, treatment B（added Bacillus sp. with crushing bagasse） and treatment C（added Bacillus sp. with crushing-steaming bagasse） respectively. To estimate the effect of addition of bagasse with Bacillus sp. on the culture environment and shrimp growth, the level of total ammonia nitrogen（TAN）, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, total amount of bacteria in the water and shrimp growth were determined. The result suggested that the TAN concentration in treatment B and C were significantly lower than that in treatment A during the early stage of the culture（P〈0.05）. The addition of bagasse with Bacillus sp. was contribute to the formation of bio-floccules. The concentration of bio-floccules in treatment B and Cwere 6.3-20 ml/L and 8.3-30 ml/L respectively, which were significantly higher than that in treatment A（2.7-8.3 ml/L） during the culture（P〈0.05）.The average weight of shrimp in treatment B and C were 8.56±0.21g and 8.84±0.26g respectively, which were significantly bigger than that in treatment A（7.66±0.40g） when harvest（P〈0.05）. 相似文献
11.
鱼类摄饵促进物质与先进养鱼业 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
鱼类摄饵促进物质与先进养鱼业杨仕懋（贵州省安顺地区鱼种场，５６１０１８）关键词鱼，摄饵促进物质，先进养鱼业ＦＩＳＨＥＳＦＥＥＤＩＮＧＰＲＯＭＯＴＩＮＧＭＡＴＴＥＲＡＮＤＡＤＶＡＮＣＥＤＦＩＳＨＦＡＲＭＩＮＧ￥ＹａｎｇＳｈｉｍａｏ（ＡｎｓｈｕｎＰｒｅｆ... 相似文献
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Kaija Saarni Jari Setälä Asmo Honkanen Jarno Virtanen 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(5-6):335-343
Abstract In this case study, we describe the evolution of Finnish salmon trout aquaculture; how salmon trout farming grew as a vital industry, how Finland became the world's leading producer of salmon trout, and how the opening of markets to international competition led to a decline of the industry. The focus is on the continuous interaction between the changing market situation and production decisions. The study reveals the impact of national environmental policy on the competitiveness of the industry. At the moment, the industry is undergoing major structural changes; production has moved to neighbouring countries, and the value chain is concentrated. In future, closer interaction and co‐operation between the actors along the entire fish value chain will be the key factors for success. 相似文献
14.
Nikos Neofitou Rafailia Syvri Lamprini Tziantziou Eleni Mente Dimitris Vafidis 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(7):2698-2710
A field experiment was carried out in a fish farm of the Eastern Mediterranean in order to evaluate the benthic environmental footprint of the organic versus the conventional fish farming. The highest values of chl α were recorded at the conventional culture during both studied seasons. The organic matter and organic carbon rates recorded at the conventional culture were significantly higher than those observed at the organic culture in both studied seasons (p < .05). Furthermore, in all cases the quality characteristics of benthic community variables were optimum at the organic culture compared to the conventional one and similar to those of the control. SIMPER analysis showed that the maximum average dissimilarity occurred between organic and conventional culture, while the main contributor species for this dissimilarity was the polychaete Capitella capitata. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) ordination plot indicated clearly a separation of the organic and conventional fish farming during both studied seasons. K‐dominance curves revealed a clear difference in elevation, mainly during summer. M‐AMBI index showed a poor to moderate environment for conventional culture, while organic one was good to high and similar to the control site (high). The results indicated the lower environmental footprint of the organic fish farming compared to the conventional, demonstrating its potential as an important management tool, which could play a significant ecological role for the sustainability of aquaculture in the Mediterranean region. 相似文献
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Presence of coastal aquaculture activities in marine landscapes is growing with impacts on the wild fish that share these habitats. However, it is difficult to disentangle subsequent ecological interactions between these activities and marine fish communities. We evaluated the impact of both salmon and halibut farms on mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus) sampled near sea cages using condition indices and fatty acid (FA) biomarkers. Results of the stomach content analysis indicated that mackerel and whiting consumed waste feed which was also reflected in their modified FA profiles. Both mackerel and whiting had elevated levels of FAs that are of vegetable oils origin. The use of vegetable oils as replacement for marine oils is a lot more common in salmon farming than halibut farming. Additionally, the overall effects of the two fish farms were more pronounced in whiting than in mackerel sampled near the sea cages. By allowing discrimination between sources of trophic interactions, this method could lead to more informed decisions in managing different farming activities. 相似文献
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Roberto A R de Souza Wesley F da Annunciação Stephane M Lins Eduardo G Sanches Maurício L Martins Mônica Y Tsuzuki 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(4):619-628
The interaction between cultured barber goby Elacatinus figaro (cleaner fish) and the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus, and the efficiency of the cleaner fish in removing ectoparasites were evaluated. When the interaction between these two species was observed, cleaner fish showed a preference for the largest groupers. In a second trial, treatments: TWC (Control) – two groupers without a cleaner fish, T1C – two groupers with one cleaner fish, T3C – two groupers with three cleaner fish and T6C – two groupers with six cleaner fish were tested in four replicates. After 8 days, monogeneans were removed and identified as Neobenedenia melleni. The highest mean abundance of parasites was found on the groupers in the TWC group (37 parasites per host) and the lowest on those in the T6C group (4.1 parasites per host). By increasing the number of cleaner fish, a higher cleaning efficiency was obtained, as observed in T6C, where almost 90% of the parasites were removed. Possibly, this removal would have been complete if the number of cleaners had not been reduced in the treatments due to the mortalities observed. This study demonstrates the possibility of using gobies to remove monogeneans and in improving grouper health. 相似文献
19.
海水工厂化养殖水处理系统的装备技术研究 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：21
工厂化养鱼(尤其是全封闭高密度养殖方式)是依靠工艺和设施装备技术的支撑，运用生态学原理及环境条件控制手段进行科学养殖。本文围绕海水工厂化养殖系统主要工艺环节(去除固体废弃物和水溶性有害物质、消毒、增氧、调温、水质测控)中涉及的装备技术和应用进行讨论。 相似文献
20.
Sununtar Setboonsarng Peter Edwards 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(3):151-162
Abstract This paper uses a linear programming model to examine the economic viability of four fish production strategies in the context of rainfed farming systems in the north‐eastern region of Thailand. The four systems are rice bran feeding system, pond fertilization using buffalo manure, fish production recommendations developed by the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) Recommendations and an integrated duck/fish production system. These systems have been introduced into North‐eastern Thailand where the main obstacles to fish production are the lack of indigenous knowledge offish culture and a shortage of water. While technical feasibility studies are needed to evaluate the practical viability of aquaculture technologies, economic assessment is required to assess their commercial viability. The objective of this paper is to examine whether or not these fish production systems can contribute to, and integrate with, the prevailing farm system in the North‐east of Thailand. The linear programming model is used to determine the optimum on farm product mix that maximizes net returns under each of the four production systems. Among different resources, labour requirement in the fish‐stocking month appeared to be the first binding resource, while capital requirement was not a constraint for an average farming household of the region. A sensitivity analysis is presented to show how each of the fish production systems operates with different levels of pond size, labour and capital availability. The results of the study show that these aquaculture systems are economically attractive and can contribute significantly to the livelihood of the small‐scale farmers of North‐east Thailand. 相似文献