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为了解西藏哲古措土著鱼类消化道寄生蠕虫的群落结构及季节动态,于2018年9月（秋季）和12月（冬季）、2019年3月（春季）和6月（夏季）对哲古措进行了4个季节的采样调查。共采集到2种土著鱼类,分别为高原裸鲤（Gymnocypris waddellii）和异尾高原鳅（Triplophysa stewartii）,与原来的记录不同。在高原裸鲤的消化道中采集到了5种寄生蠕虫,分别为聂氏拟短结绦虫（Parabreviscolex niepini）、新棘吻虫未定种（Neoechinorhynchus sp.）、异肉吸虫未定种（Allocreadium sp.）、对盲囊线虫未定种线虫（Contracaecum sp.）和束首线虫未定种（Streptocara sp.）,并对形态特征进行了描述。本研究发现,哲古措土著鱼类消化道寄生蠕虫的物种组成具有一定地域性,大部分为广布性寄生虫,鸟类在其传播过程中起到了重要作用。经过分析,高原裸鲤消化道寄生蠕虫群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为0.70~1.27,显示了较高的群落多样性,Berger-Parker优势度指数为0.38~0.76,优势群为线虫。线虫表现出一定的季节消长规律：秋季为周年最高,冬季下降,春季上升,夏季降至最低,推测与水温、中间宿主的种群数量、线虫的生命周期和鱼类宿主繁殖期的行为等有关。复殖吸虫、绦虫和棘头虫四季的感染率均在10%以内浮动,平均丰度也较低。异尾高原鳅的消化道中未发现任何寄生蠕虫,推测与宿主肠道空间大小、摄食量和分布空间的差异有关。本研究通过对西藏湖泊土著鱼类寄生蠕虫的调查与分析,旨在为深入了解西藏寄生虫的组成特点、研究青藏高原隆升对寄生虫与鱼类宿主协同进化提供基础理论依据。 相似文献
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基于鱼类营养级统计软件TrophLab,对分布于雅鲁藏布江中游的6种高原土著鱼类异齿裂腹鱼(Schizathorax oconnori)、拉萨裂腹鱼(Schizothorax waltoni)、双须叶须鱼(Ptychobarbus dipogon)、拉萨裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis younghusbandi)、尖裸鲤(Oxygymnocypris stewartii)和黑斑原鮡(Glyptosternum maculatum)进行了营养级估算。结果显示:6种研究对象的营养级范围为2.28～4.30,其中尖裸鲤营养级水平最高,异齿裂腹鱼营养级水平最低。 相似文献
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《科学养鱼》2017,(8)
<正>青海湖裸鲤,属鲤形目、鲤科、裂腹鱼亚科,青海湖裸鲤属。青海湖裸鲤是青海湖中唯一的经济鱼类,处于青海湖整个生态系统的核心地位。受人类活动的影响,青海湖流域水土流失加剧以及旅游业和农、牧、渔业等的发展,使青海湖裸鲤的生存环境受到了严重的影响与改变。因此,人工养殖青海湖裸鲤成了一种趋势。敌百虫是一种高效低毒类杀虫剂,广泛用于防治鱼体外寄生的吸虫、肠内寄生的蠕虫和甲壳动物引起的鱼病,其常用剂量为0.2~0.5毫克/升。但它在杀死敌害生物、治疗鱼类疾病的同时,对养殖鱼类也有一定的毒害作用。目前对敌百虫的毒性研究多集中于探讨安全浓度范围方面,杨杰全等发现青海湖裸鲤对敌百虫的安全浓度为2.58毫克/升, 相似文献
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应用形态学和分子生物学方法对采集的锚首虫进行鉴定分析，为河鲈（Perca fluviatilis）的生态保护和病害防治提供基础资料。2020年9月至2021年6月对额尔齐斯河河鲈寄生的锚首虫进行了调查，发现河鲈鳃部有锚首虫物种寄生，经形态学和分子生物学鉴定确定为鲈锚钩吸虫。运用统计学方法对河鲈鳃部寄生的鲈锚钩吸虫的总体、不同体长段的感染情况进行统计，进一步分析其空间分布特点。结果显示，河鲈共感染了1种锚首虫，为鲈锚钩吸虫，总感染率、平均感染强度和平均感染丰度分别为18.56%、（2.78±3.17）只/尾和（0.52±1.7）只/尾，左鳃及右鳃的感染率分别为12.37%和13.40%，两者之间的感染丰度无显著性差异（P＞0.05）；各鳃片中的平均感染强度和平均感染丰度值相差不大；鲈锚钩吸虫在所有体长组之间及左鳃Ⅳ各体长组之间的感染丰度呈显著性差异（P＜0.05）；鲈锚钩吸虫对宿主左右鳃没有选择偏好性，且在宿主种群中的分布类型为聚集分布和均匀分布，其中聚集分布占主要的地位，仅有左鳃Ⅰ和鳃Ⅲ、右鳃Ⅱ、L≤8 cm体长组中呈现均匀分布。 相似文献
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崇明长棘吻虫病的病原是崇明长棘吻虫(Rhadinorhynachus chongmingnensis),主要寄生在鲤鱼肠壁上,中间寄主是模糊裸腹蚤。鲤鱼自夏花至成鱼都可被寄生,发病严重的池,感染率100％,死亡率60％。可用四氯化碳拌饵投喂,进行防治,也可以用漂白粉或生石灰清池,杀死虫卵及中间寄主,达到预防目的。 相似文献
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2009年4月—2010年10月对河北省白洋淀营外寄生生活的车轮虫属进行种类鉴定工作。采用干银染色法显示车轮虫的附着盘结构,活体吉姆萨染色方法显示细胞核形态。采用"统一特定方法"和"齿体定位描述法"鉴定出车轮虫属9种,分别为显著车轮虫、拟黑色车轮虫、网状车轮虫、杜氏车轮虫、异齿车轮虫、喙状车轮虫、卡氏车轮虫、短棘车轮虫、适度车轮虫。波氏吻鱼叚虎鱼为显著车轮虫、拟黑色车轮虫、网状车轮虫的新宿主记录,黄黝鱼为异齿车轮虫和杜氏车轮虫的新宿主记录,麦穗鱼为喙状车轮虫的新宿主记录,鲫鱼和圆尾斗鱼为适度车轮虫的新宿主记录。该研究是白洋淀地区乃至华北地区车轮虫属首次细致的分类描述,研究结果将有助于阐明白洋淀鱼类寄生车轮虫区系组成。 相似文献
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:1 999年 5～ 1 0月 ,对长江黄州江段的长吻鱼危进行了相对渔获量、种群结构和体内寄生蠕虫的调查。统计显示 :长吻鱼危只占鱼危科渔获量的 1 / 1 8,且 95 %是 2龄及 2龄以下的个体。其体内有 3种蠕虫寄生。首次在长吻鱼危体内检出鳔等睾吸虫和黄颡异钩棘头虫 相似文献
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Abstract – One cestode, Ligula sp. [possibly Ligula intestinalis (L.)], one trematode, Diplostomum sp., and two nematode parasitic worms, Eustrongylides sp. [possibly Eustrongylides gadopsis (Royal Society of South Australia, 64, 340)] and Contracaecum sp. are reported from Galaxias maculatus inhabiting a permanent freshwater lake and two intermittently flowing, saline rivers in southwestern Australia. Worms infecting fish are all larval; the definitive hosts are piscivorous waterfowl. Ligula sp. infected 12% of fish in the lake. Effects of infection include reduced lifespan, significant weight reduction of gonads of males and females and body weight of females. Infection reduces the proportion of males that attain spawning gonad stage more severely than it does in females. The prevalence and intensity of Ligula sp. infection were much less in the rivers. The infection of Pseudogobius olorum (Sauvage 1880) by this cestode is reported for the first time in Western Australia. Trematodes were much more benign in their effect on G. maculatus . 相似文献
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建立黑斑原鮡（Glyptosternum maculatum）AFLP反应体系,对DNA提取、双酶切、连接、预扩增、选择性扩增和银染效果进行了探索。结果表明,40μLTaqI酶切体系中65℃先酶切2h,EcoRI酶切和连接同时进行,EcoRI酶和T4DNA连接酶的用量均以2U为宜,温度与时间分别为37℃和3h,连接产物稀释10倍作为预扩增的模板。利用这种优化的反应体系,5对选择性扩增引物组合表现出较高的稳定性、清晰度和多态性,它们分别是：E-AAC/T-AAT、E-AAC/T-AAG、E-AAG/T-AC 相似文献
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黑斑原鮡(Glyptosternum maculatum)是我国雅鲁藏布江中上游江段特有鱼类, 为适应雅鲁藏布江急流、低温的水域环境条件, 进化出独特的组织器官——副肝。本研究采用组织学、生物化学以及转录组学的方法开展了黑斑原鮡主肝与副肝代谢差异调控机制的研究。结果表明, 黑斑原鮡主、副肝脏在结构组成、肝细胞线粒体数量及线粒体蛋白质组成上无显著差异。转录组学结果表明, 主、副肝脏共有差异表达基因 77 个。经 GO 功能注释, 筛选出羟甲基戊二酸单酰 CoA 合成酶(Hmgcl)、血栓素合成酶(Tbxas)、钙/钙调蛋白依赖性丝氨酸蛋白激酶(Cask)、甲酰甘氨酸生成酶(Sumf1)、蛋白质酪氨酸激酶(Jak1)以及甘油酸激酶(Glxk)等差异表达基因, 这些基因富集到氨基酸代谢、脂肪代谢等过程。KEGG 通路富集结果显示, 差异表达基因富集到丁酸盐代谢通路(butanoate metabolism)、 过氧化物酶体(peroxisome)、缬氨酸, 亮氨酸和异亮氨酸降解(valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation)、赖氨酸降解(lysine degradation)、色氨酸代谢(tryptophan metabolism)以及代谢途径(metabolic pathways)等信号通路。选出 4 个差异表达基因进行实时荧光定量 PCR (qRT-PCR)检测, 结果显示 qRT-PCR 与转录组测序结果基本一致。综上所述, 黑斑原鮡主、副肝脏存在氨基酸、脂肪酸及能量代谢差异, 其代谢差异可能与 Hmgcl、Ptk2b、Gba 和 Dnm1l 等基因在主、副肝脏中的差异性表达有关(P＜0.05)。本研究筛选出调节黑斑原鮡代谢差异的关键基因和信号通路, 为揭示黑斑原鮡主、副肝脏代谢差异机制奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
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Experimental host range and histopathology of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in shrimp, prawns, crabs and lobsters from India 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
K. V. Rajendran K. K. Vijayan T. C. Santiago R. M. Krol 《Journal of fish diseases》1999,22(3):183-191
Experimental studies were conducted by injecting or feeding white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) derived from infected shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius), collected from the south-east coast of India, to five species of shrimp, two species of freshwater prawns, four species of crabs and three species of lobsters. All species examined were susceptible to the virus. Experimental infections in the shrimp had the same clinical symptoms and histopathological characteristics as in naturally infected P. monodon . A cumulative mortality of 100% was observed within 5–7 days in shrimp injected with WSSV and 7–9 days in shrimp fed with infected tissue. Two species of mud crab, Scylla sp., survived the infection for 30 days without any clinical symptoms. All three species of lobsters, Panulirus sp., and the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man), survived the infection for 70 days without clinical symptoms. However, bioassay and histology using healthy P. monodon revealed that crabs, prawns and lobsters may act as asymptomatic carriers/reservoir hosts of WSSV. This is the first report to suggest the carrier/reservoir capacity of these hosts through histological and bioassay evidences. Ultrastructural details of the virus in experimentally infected shrimp, P. vannamei , (Boone), were also studied. 相似文献
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M. Carvalho-Varela V. Cunha-Ferreira M. P. Cruz e Silva M. T. Monteiro M. S. Grazina-Freitas 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1981,12(2):9-14
This paper deals with research work covering the period from May 1979 up to May 1981 and presents results of parasites and parasitosis diagnosed in a total of 195 complete dissections of six fish species from cultured and feral populations in Portugal: European eel (Anguilla anguilla) (49); mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio specularis) (29); common grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) (18); European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) (11); rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) (42); common sole (Solea solea) (46). A list of protozoans and helminths identified with respective incidence is given: A) Feral fish: 1) European eel (17)—Echinorhynchus clavula 11.8% and Rhabdochona anguilla 5.9%; 2) common grey mullet (18)—Haploporus benedenii 16.7%, Neoechinorhynchus sp. 5.6%, and Raphidascaris sp. 5.6%; 3) European plaice (11)—Bothriocephalus sp. larvae 9.1%, Contracaecum aduncum 9.1%, and Cryptocotyle lingua 9.1%; 4) common sole (46)—Cucullanellus minutus 8.7%, Gyrodactylus elegans 4.3%, and Cestodes larvae 2.2%. B) Cultured fish: 1) European eel (32)—Trichodina anguillae 3.1% and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis 18.8%; 2) rainbow trout (42)—Eimeria truttae 2.4%, Hexamita intestinalis 4.8%, Holophrya simplex 2.4%, and Trichodina truttae 4.8%. The results show that feral fish harbor predominantly indirect life cycle helminths, in contrast with cultured fish only affected with protozoans, due mainly to overcrowding and deficient management, which propitiate a significant background infection. It was in these specimens that some lesions characteristic of protozoosis were found. 相似文献
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Histopathological and ultrastructural assessment of two mugilid species infected with myxozoans and helminths 
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下载免费PDF全文 The histopathology and ultrastructure of the intestine of mullets, Liza ramada and Liza saliens, from Comacchio lagoons (northern Italy) naturally infected with myxozoans and helminths were investigated and described. Sixty‐two (80.5%) of 77 mullets harboured one or more of the following parasites species: Myxobolus mugchelo (Myxozoa), Neoechinorhynchus agilis (Acanthocephala), Haplosplanchnus pachysomus and Dicrogaster contractus (Digenea). Co‐occurrence of helminths with myxozoans was common. The main damage caused by digeneans was destruction of the mucosal epithelium of the villi, necrosis and degeneration of intestinal epithelial cells. More severe intestinal damage was caused by acanthocephalans which reach the submucosa layer with their proboscis. At the site of helminths infection, several mast cells (MCs), rodlet cells (RCs), mucous cells and few neutrophils and macrophages were observed in the epithelium. RCs and mucous cells exhibited discharge activity in close vicinity to the worm's tegument. M. mugchelo conspicuous plasmodia were encysted mainly in muscle and submucosa layers of the intestine. Indeed, spores of M. mugchelo were documented within the epithelial cells of host intestine and in proximity to MCs. Degranulation of the MCs near the myxozoans was very frequent. 相似文献
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Roselene Nogueira Rodrigues Marcos Sidney Brito Oliveira Marcos Tavares-Dias 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2018,30(1):29-38
Fish farming has grown rapidly in Brazil over the last two decades, due in part to the availability of water and species with potential for cultivation, such as Colossoma macropomum. This farmed fish, however, can be affected by parasitic infections with high mortality rates (>35%). The main objective of the present study was to describe the first occurrence of the Trypanosoma species in Colossoma macropomum, which occurred in fish cultured in the Brazilian Amazon region, as well as to morphologically characterize the trypomastigotes and the impact of these hemoparasites on the body condition of the hosts. The trypanosomes found in the blood of Colossoma macropomum were morphologically characterized by the size of the trypomastigote form, indicating the presence of only one morphotype. Of the 39 hosts examined from one fish farming, 41.0% were infected by Trypanosoma sp., with low levels of infection (mean blood density of 3.7/μL). The condition factor of the asymptomatic hosts was not affected by hemoparasitism. There was no correlation between the abundance of Trypanosoma sp. and the condition factor and size of the hosts. Finally, our understanding of host-parasite interactions and the detection of emerging diseases are fundamental for aquaculture. 相似文献