首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 390 毫秒
1.
A 16‐week feeding experiment was conducted to study the feasibility of using broad bean meal (BBM) as a replacement for fish meal (FM) for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fry, initial average weight 1.9±0.18 g. FM (50% of the diet) was used as sole sources of animal protein in the control diet 1. The replacement levels of BBM in diets (2–5) were 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the FM. Methionine (1%) and lysine (0.5%) were added to each diet except the control diet. Three groups of fish were fed each of five isonitrogenous (31.2% CP) and isocaloric (20.1 kJ g?1), and performance was compared against a nutritionally balanced control diet at the end of the experiment. Nile tilapia fed the diet containing 50% BBM exhibited comparable growth with those fed the FM‐based control diet. Digestibility of protein, energy and lipid decreased with increasing levels of BBM above 50% of total replacement FM into the diet. Incorporation of BBM in the diets significantly affected the moisture, fat and energy of whole fish body. These results suggest that BBM can replace 50% of the FM in diet for Nile tilapia fry, without adverse effects on fish performance.  相似文献   

2.
This study was conducted to evaluate the use of gambusia, Gambusia affinis, fish meal (GFM) in practical diets for fry Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (2.11 ± 0.11 g). Six isonitrogenous diets (35%) were formulated in which GFM replaced 0.0, 10, 25, 50, 75, or 100% of the protein supplied by herring fish meal (HFM). Fish were fed one of the test diets at a feeding rate of 4% of the fish body weight 6 d a week, 2 times a day for 13 wk. Results demonstrated that fish growth increased with increasing GFM up to 75%, which produced the highest growth of the treatments. The lowest fish growth was obtained at 100% GFM. Feed intake (FI), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and apparent protein utilization (APU) increased significantly, while feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased significantly with increasing GFM up to 75%. FI, PER, and APU decreased significantly, while FCR increased significantly for diets containing 100% GFM. There were no significant differences in moisture, protein, lipid, or ash contents in final fish body following inclusion of GFM in fish diet. There was no significant difference in the digestibility coefficient of dry matter. The digestibility coefficients of protein and gross energy for diets containing 100% GFM replacement were the lowest as compared with other GFM levels. The present study recommended that GFM is a suitable protein source in practical diets for fry Nile tilapia and could replace HFM up to 75%.  相似文献   

3.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM) as a substitute for fish meal (FM) or soybean meal (SBM) in Nile tilapia fry diets. Triplicate groups of fish (initial body weight 2.30 g ± 0.01) were fed seven isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets formulated to contain 30 % crude protein and 19.70 kJ g?1 gross energy for 8 weeks. The control diet (CD) contained 22 % local FM and 30 % SBM, whereas in the other six diets, HFM replaced 33, 66 or 100 % of FM or SBM. The best weight gain (11.46), specific growth rate (3.14) and feed conversion ratio (1.24) of tilapia fry fed SBM33%, CD, FM33% and SBM66% diets were exhibited. Final body weight and protein retention increased in a linear pattern with increasing amino acids in the experimental diets with the exception of leucine and valine. The results indicated that good-quality HFM can successfully replace FM or SBM by up to 33 and 66 %, respectively, in Nile tilapia fry diets without compromising growth and protein utilization. The results also support the benefits of combining different sources of plant and animal proteins in Nile tilapia diets.  相似文献   

4.
A plant protein mixture (PPM) was tested to replace fish meal (FM) in diets for juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish averaging (±SD) 3.7±0.14 g were divided into 15 groups. Three groups were fed each of five isonitrogenous (33.6%) and isocaloric (4.7 kcal g?1) diets replacing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the FM protein with similar percentages of PPM (PPM0, PPM25, PPM50, PPM75 or PPM100 respectively). The PPM consisted of 25% soybean meal, 25% cottonseed meal, 25% sunflower meal and 25% linseed meal, and 0.5% of both methionine and lysine were added to each diet except for the control. After 16 weeks of feeding, the fish fed diets PPM75 and PPM100 exhibited growth performance not differing significantly from the fish fed control diet. PPM substitution of up to 75% of the FM protein did not result in differences in the apparent protein digestibility compared with the control, whereas in the PPM100 group digestibility was significantly lower than in the other groups, except for fish fed the PPM75 diet. The incorporation of PPM in diets did not significantly affect whole‐body dry matter, protein, fat or energy compared with the control. The cost–benefit analyses of the test diets indicated that the PPM diets were economically superior to FM. The protein from PPM can completely replace the FM protein in the diets for Nile tilapia, based on the results of this study.  相似文献   

5.
Quantities of fish meal (FM) have remained level for the past several decades; however, demand has dramatically increased because of its inclusion in all animal production as a high‐quality protein source. Soybean meal (SBM) is the most widely used plant‐protein ingredient for replacing various proportions of FM in aquatic animal diets. However, use of SBM as the sole protein source has often resulted in reduced fish growth. There is a growing segment of consumers who desire organically grown seafood, and tilapia is one of the most‐cultured fish in the world. As tilapia have herbivorous/omnivorous feeding habits, tilapia fed organic diets may allow producers to enter this rapidly developing market. A feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the combination of organic SBM and an organic yeast extract (YE) as complete replacements for FM in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fry diets. Nine diets were formulated to contain various percentages of organic YE (0, 15, 30, and 45%) in combination with organic SBM (84–34%) with and without amino acid (methionine and lysine) supplementation. At the conclusion of the study, fry fed a control diet containing 20% FM and fry fed a diet containing 45% YE/36%SBM with amino acid supplementation showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) in final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate (SGR) compared to those fed all other diets. On the basis of these data, an organic diet which replaces FM with a combination of SBM and YE with added methionine and lysine is commercially feasible and further investigation into the increased use of these two ingredients as protein sources in aquaculture diets is warranted.  相似文献   

6.
Aquaculture development in Ghana is currently limited by inadequate supply of fingerlings and prohibitive cost of commercial feeds among other challenges. This study tested the feasibility of using low‐cost feeds containing soybean meal instead of fishmeal for nursing Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry. Three isonitrogenous (~48% crude protein) and isoenergetic (~17 kJ/g) diets with increasing inclusions of soybean meal as partial replacements for fishmeal were formulated. A commercial fishmeal‐based fry feed served as the control diet. Triplicate groups of 225 fish per tank (average initial weight: 2.09 ± 0.14 g) were stocked in a recirculating aquaculture system and fed the experimental diets for 21 days. Afterwards, we investigated the postprandial metabolism, nutrient digestibility, growth and gut histology in Nile tilapia fry. Simple economic analyses were also conducted to assess the cost‐effectiveness of the diets used in the feed trial. The dietary inclusions of the soybean meal significantly reduced feed cost by ~43% relative to the control diet. The growth performance and feed utilization parameters did not vary significantly among the different treatments. The soybean diets elicited significant reductions in villi heights and goblet cell numbers, which corresponded with increasing dietary levels of soybean meal. This study confirms the potential of soybean meal as a partial replacement for fishmeal in Nile tilapia fry diets in terms of lower feed costs, fish growth performance, nutrient digestibility and postprandial nitrogenous excretions. The inclusion of soybean, however, affected negatively the gut integrity of the fry.  相似文献   

7.
Abstract— The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of krill meal (KM) as a feed attractant in juvenile Nile tilapia fed soybean (SBM) diets on growth performance, feed utilization, and body composition. Fish of an initial average weight 0.8 × 0.01g were stocked in 18 glass aquaria (80 L each) at a rate of 25 fish per aquarium. Fish meal (FM 20% of the diet) was used as the sole source of animal protein in the control (Diet 1). Diets 2 to 6 had (SBM) protein with various levels of krill meal (0.0,1.5,3.0,4.5, and 6.0%, diets 2-6 respectively). Test diets were fed to satiation to triplicate groups of Nile tilapia four times daily for 20 wk. Fish fed krill meal supplemented diets had significantly ( P < 0.05) better growth performance compared with fish fed the unsupplemented and FM control diets. The krill meal increased growth of Nile tilapia by 31.9% compared to control diets (average Anal wet weight, 14.15 × 0.95 g and 10.72 × 0.2 g, respectively). Moreover, weight gains were not significantly different for fish fed diets with different levels of krill meal. Feed utilization parameters such as feed intake, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio differed significantly for fish fed krill meal diets compared with control. Digestibility of nutrient and energy of diets increased with increasing levels of krii meal. The incorporation of krill meal in diets significantly affected the protein, fat, ash, and energy of whole body composition. These results suggest that supplementation of krill meal at 1.5% in the diets of Nile tilapia as attractant or stimulant may lead to increased feed intake, growth performance, and feed utilization. Soybean meal can completely replace fishmeal in diets for juvenile tilapia.  相似文献   

8.
A 63  day–1 feeding trial was conducted under laboratory conditions to evaluate the effects of substituting animal protein with a mixture of plant feedstuffs including 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45% of the protein with torula yeast ( Candida utilis ), 20% with soybean meal and 15% with Alfalfa Leaf Protein Concentrate (ALC), in diets for tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus Peters) fry. Feeding efficiency was compared against a diet with fish meal as the sole protein source. Diet nutritional quality was very similar independent of composition, with no differences in growth parameters, but fish fed with 30% yeast diet showed the best growth performance. Diet composition did not affect feed or protein utilization, with the best feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and apparent nitrogen utilization in the 25% yeast diet. Protein digestibility was above 80% for all diets, and no differences in carcass composition were observed. The best incidence cost was obtained with 25% yeast and the highest profit index with 30% yeast, but no statistical differences were observed with the other treatments. The results suggest that it is possible to replace up to 65% of animal protein with a mixture of plant proteins, including 30% from torula yeast, in tilapia fry diets without adverse effects on fish performance and culture profit.  相似文献   

9.
An 84-day feeding trial was conducted with juvenile (6.9 g) Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal with the legume guar seed as a protein source in practical diets. Four isonitrogenous (32% crude protein) and isocaloric (3.5kcal DEg?1 diet) diets were formulated. The replacement levels for guar were 25%, 50% and 75%. The reference diet contained fish meal as the main protein source and no guar. The growth performance, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were significantly better in fish fed diets with 25%, 50% and 0% guar than in fish fed the 75% guar diet. The results of the present study suggest that effective replacement of fish meal protein by guar seed protein up to the level of 50% is possible in tilapia practical diets without any adverse effects on growth and feed conversion ratio.  相似文献   

10.
Diets incorporating different levels of corn gluten meal replacement using biofuel algae or Spirulina protein at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% were evaluated for larval/juvenile stage of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish averaging 0.02 g were divided into groups of 50. There were three replicates per every dietary treatment that were fed one of six diets for 11 weeks. Corn gluten protein was replaced with algae on the protein basis. All diets were supplemented with 1.5% lysine and 0.5% methionine. The experimental diets were formulated to contain 37 ± 2.8% protein and 14 ± 4.3% lipid in the form of fish oil and soybean lecithin (phospholipids source). The results indicated that algae positively affected feed consumption and fish growth up to the 50% replacement and then performance was depressed. Significant differences in concentration of individual minerals (Al, Fe, Zn and Cu) in the whole fish body were found. Mineral composition of algae might have affected growth when diets which contained more than 75% of plant protein were replaced with microalgae. These findings suggest that up to 50% of dietary corn gluten meal protein can be replaced with microalgae which significantly enhance fish growth.  相似文献   

11.
Apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) values for a number of ingredients of plant or animal origin were obtained in order to formulate diets based on such values and to evaluate growth performance of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed four experimental diets in which fish meal was gradually replaced by a mixture of other ingredients.The digestibility of various diet components was measured by using an inert marker in the feed and by using the Guelph faeces collecting system. ADC values of the ingredients tested were generally high, especially for fish meal. It was found that extruded pea seed meal (92.6%), defatted soybean meal (94.4%), full-fat toasted soybean (90.0%) and micronized wheat (88.6%) were the best vegetable proteins tested. Lupin seed meal and faba bean meal had similar ADC values for protein and energy.Groups of tilapia, initial mean body weight (SD) 6.7 (0.1) g, were fed experimental diets with the same digestible protein (DP) and digestible energy (DE) containing graded levels of a mixture of vegetable ingredients as partial or total replacement of fish meal protein. A growth trial was conducted over 12 weeks as partial or total replacement of fish meal protein. A growth trial was conducted over 12 weeks at a water temperature of 25 °C. Significant differences were observed for weight gain among tilapia fed diets D0, D33, D66 and D100 (containing only animal protein, 33, 66, and 100% of plant protein, respectively). No significant differences were observed for voluntary intake among tilapia fed diets D0, D33 and D66. These values were significantly lower than those observed for tilapia fed plant protein based diet (D100) and suggest the possibility of partial replacement of fish meal by vegetable proteins without negative effects.  相似文献   

12.
Intensive tank rearing of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque) fry can be successfully accomplished with commonly available ‘salmonid’ starter diets. Ingredient substitution in starter diets is less important from the cost perspective but growth, survival and health of fish are major concerns. Several combinations of fish meals and animal protein substitutes were evaluated in diet formulations for hatchery rearing of catfish fry. Sub‐optimal thermal conditions were used which are characteristic for the north‐central USA where catfish culture is important for stocking purposes and live‐fish markets. A diet formulated on the basis of menhaden fish meal (29.1%), herring fish meal (25.1%) and animal by‐product mixture (16.38%) gave numerically the highest growth rate after 13 weeks of feeding, although growth reductions in fish fed diets exclusively with mehaden meal (77.6%) as protein or substituted with 50% animal by‐product protein were not significant. Instantaneous mortality rates were the highest between weeks 2 and 4 of rearing and increased almost proportionally with the increased fish meal protein substitution. A diet based on menhaden fish meal had the highest concentration of phosphorus and several other essential minerals, but these were not reflected in the mineral composition of the fish body at the termination of feeding. Among activities of digestive enzymes, trypsin was depressed in fish offered diets with 75–100% fish meal protein replacement. A diet superior in terms of fish performance was defined in the present study and it was concluded that the initial feeding can greatly affect physiological status of juvenile channel catfish.  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT

A 120-day feeding trial was conducted in floating cages to evaluate growth performance and digestibility of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles fed diets containing different levels of poultry by-product meal (PBM) as a replacement for fishmeal. Nile Tilapia with an average body weight of 56.6 ± 0.28 g were used in this experiment. Five diets were formulated to contain graded levels of PBM at 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% poultry by-product meal (PBM) and are referred as PBM0, PBM5, PBM10, PBM20, and PBM30, respectively. Groups of 25 Nile tilapia were fed close to the apparent satiation, three times a day. The results showed that growth performance, survival and whole-body composition for fish fed the experimental diets were not significantly different (P > .05) than fish fed the control diet. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, protein, lipid and amino acids of fish fed the PBM20 and PBM30 were lower compared to the other treatments (P < .05). The PBM dietary levels significantly lowered total protein, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) and cholesterol concentration. The results of this study indicated that good quality PBM can be used up to 30% in commercial diets for Nile tilapia without any adverse effect.  相似文献   

14.
The main objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of partial and total replacement of fishmeal protein by okara meal (OM) protein in practical diets on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) mono‐sex males. Fish of an average initial weight of 2.67 ± 0.01 g were stocked in 15 glass aquariums (80 L each) at a rate of 15 fish per aquarium. Fishmeal protein (18% of the diet) was used as the sole source of animal protein in the control diet. Percent replacement of fish meal (FM) by OM on the basis of crude protein was as follows: 0% (control diet A), 25% (diet B), 50% (diet C), 75% (diet D) and 100% (diet E). Diets were fed to fish at a rate of 5%, and then gradually reduced to 4% of the total fish biomass daily, for a period of 12 weeks. The results revealed that the fish fed diets A (100% FM control), B (25% OM), C (50% OM) and D (75% OM) had significantly the best average body weight, weight gain g, specific growth rate (SGR % day?1), weight gain % and feed intake g fish?1 compared with diet E (100% OM) which had the lowest values. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) among all experimental diets and control in terms of feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survival rate %. Whole body protein contents for fish fed diets B, C and D were superior to the control diet. Incorporation of OM in the diets increased significantly whole body fat content. Incorporation of OM in the diets significantly increased apparent digestibility coefficient of crude protein crude fat and energy. Therefore, these findings suggest that up to 75% of FM protein can be replaced by OM protein in Nile tilapia, mono‐sex male diets.  相似文献   

15.
Macadamia presscake, the by-product from oil extraction process of low-grade kernels of macadamia nuts, was evaluated as a dietary protein supplement for tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), reared in outdoor concrete cisterns. Five isoproteic diets (28% crude protein) were fed to tilapia for 100 days. The diets comprised a control, which contained full-fat soybean as the protein source, and four test diets in which the full-fat soybean meal was progressively substituted (10%, 20%, 50% or 100%) with macadamia presscake. Final weight, daily weight gain, specific growth rate and apparent protein digestibility were significantly different (P < 0.05) among the diet treatments, while feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value were not significant (P > 0.05). Body protein deposition was not affected by the inclusion level of mac-adamia presscake in the diet. Results showed that macadamia presscake was suitable as a dietary protein supplement for tilapia when incorporated up to 50% replacement for soybean protein. The nutrient content of full-fat soybean meal is apparently similar to that of macadamia presscake but the quantity of macadamia presscake in fish feeds may be limited due to the less-than-optimal amino acid balance in macadamia presscake-protein.  相似文献   

16.
An 8‐wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of replacing fish meal with canola meal in experimental diets for genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) strain of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (mean initial weight: 20.0 ± 0.62 g, means ± SD), reared in fresh water. Six isonitrogenous (30% crude protein) and isolipidic (10%) diets were formulated with canola meal included at six levels of 0 (control), 11, 22, 33, 44, and 55%, replacing 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75% fish meal, respectively. Growth performance and feed utilization showed no significant differences among the treatments. In general, dietary canola meal supplementation showed significant effect on hepatic composition of tilapia, but not muscle composition. Viscerosomatic index tended to increase with increasing dietary canola meal levels from 0 to 44%, and then declined when dietary canola meal levels further increased from 44 to 55%. Dietary fish meal replacement by canola meal significantly influenced several hepatic enzymatic activities, including succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, lipoprotein lipase, and hepatic lipase, suggesting that dietary fish meal replacement by canola meal had significant effects on nutrient metabolism in the liver. Based on the information above, 75% of dietary fish meal could be replaced by canola meal with no effect on growth performance of GIFT strain of Nile tilapia. Use of canola meal in practical diets for GIFT stain of Nile tilapia may allow producers and feed mills to formulate more economical diets.  相似文献   

17.
The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of partial and total replacement of fish meal (FM) protein by cow pea seed meal (CPSM) protein in practical diets on growth performance, feed utilization, and body composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Fish of an average initial weight of 4.6 ± 0.2 g were stocked in 15 glass aquariums (80 L each) at a rate of 15 fish per aquarium. FM protein (30% of the diet) was used as the sole source of animal protein in the control diet. Percent replacement of FM by CPSM on the basis of crude protein were as follows: 0% (control diet A), 25% (diet B), 50% (diet C), 75% (diet D), and 100% (diet E). Diets were fed to fish at a rate of 4% of the total fish biomass daily, for a period of 16 wk. The results of this study revealed that the fish fed control diet A (100% FM) had the best average final body weight, specific growth rate (SGR %/d), weight gain (g/fish), weight gain %, while the poorest results for all parameters were obtained with fish fed diet E (100% CPSM). The same parameters of fish fed diets B (25% CPSM) and C (50% CPSM) were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from those of fish fed the control diet A. Feed utilization parameters of fish fed diets A, B, C, and D were better than for diet E. Proximate composition of whole‐body moisture and ash contents were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among all experimental diets and control diet. Whole‐body protein contents for fish fed diets B and C were superior to the control diet A. Incorporation of CPSM in the diets significantly increased whole‐body fat content. Incorporation of CPSM in the diets significantly decreased apparent digestibility coefficient of crude protein crude fat and energy. Diets B and C were not significantly different from control diet A. Therefore, these findings suggest that up to 50% of FM protein can be replaced by CPSM protein in Nile tilapia diets without any adverse effects on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, and digestibility.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of total replacement of fish meal by cottonseed meal (CSM) supplemented with various levels of iron in practical diets on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and some biological and haematological parameters of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Juvenile fish (average weight 3.78±0.1 g) were stocked in 18 glass aquariums (80 L each) at 25 fish per aquarium. Fish meal (50% of the diet) was used as the sole source of animal protein in the control diet 1. Diets 2–6 had 100% CSM (0.145% free gossypol) protein with various levels of supplemented iron (86, 486, 972, 1458 and 1944 mg Fe kg diet?1) in diets 2–6 respectively. Diets were fed to fish twice daily at a rate of 3% of body weight during the first 12 weeks then 2% of the total fish biomass daily until the end of the experiment (30 weeks). The results of this study revealed that, groups of fish fed diets 1, 4, 5 and 6 had significantly (P≤0.01) the higher average body weight and specific growth rate than those of fish fed diet 2 (100% CSM without iron supplementation) and diet 3 (100% CSM plus 486 mg Fe kg diet?1). The best values for feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and condition factor (K) were recorded with groups of fish fed diet 4 (100% CSM plus 972 mg Fe kg diet?1). Red blood cell count, haematocrit and haemoglobin were increased with increasing levels of iron and significantly affected by dietary iron. Hepatosomatic index for diets 3–6 were not significantly different (P>0.05) and superior to that of diet 1 control [100% fish meal (FM)]. The gonadosomatic index of males of Nile tilapia was not influenced by CSM diets with or without iron, while females of Nile tilapia were significantly influenced with iron and the lowest values were recorded with groups of fish fed diet 2 (100% CSM without iron supplementation). Apparent digestibility coefficients of protein, fat dry matter and energy were relatively high for most diets supplemented with iron and increased by increasing iron supplementation. There were no significant differences between groups of fish fed diet 1 (100% FM) and diets 5 and 6 which contained 100% CSM with additional 1458 and 1944 mg Fe kg diet supplemental iron?1 respectively. Proximate composition of whole body was not influenced by diet. Adding 972 mg Fe kg diet?1 from ferrous sulphate to the CSM‐based diets that contained 972 mg free gossypol (1:1 iron to free gossypol ratio) for Nile tilapia reduce the negative effects of gossypol and improved growth performance, feed utilization and blood parameters and can totally replace fish meal in tilapia diets.  相似文献   

19.
This study was undertaken in a closed system with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to examine the effects of total replacement of fish meal (FM) by soybean meal. Nile tilapia fingerlings with an average weight of 5.34±0.08 g were hand‐fed one of the five isoenergetic (≈13.5 MJ digestible energy kg?1) and isoproteic (≈31% of digestible protein) experimental diets to satiation, six times a day during 85 days in eight replicate fibreglass tanks (six fish per tank). The control diet containing FM was substituted by soybean meal, with and without essential amino acids (lysine, methionine and threonine) or dicalcium phosphate supplementation. The supplemental amino acids were added at levels to simulate the reference amino acid profile of Nile tilapia carcass protein, based on the ideal protein concept. The results showed that soybean meal diet supplemented only with dicalcium phosphate was inferior to the control diet with FM and soybean meal diets supplemented with dicalcium phosphate and essential amino acids. Multiple essential amino acids and dicalcium phosphate incorporation in soybean meal diets was associated with performance, whole‐body composition and carcass yield equal to that of the fish fed with the control diet containing FM. These data suggest that a diet with all plant protein source, supplemented with essential amino acids, based on tissue amino acid profile, can totally replace FM in a diet for Nile tilapia, without adverse effects on the growth performance, carcass yield and composition.  相似文献   

20.
Replacement of fish meal (FM) protein with dehulled and solvent‐extracted plant by‐products, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, sunflower meal, and linseed meal was tested in diets for juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish averaging (±SD) 14.2 ± 2.9 g were divided into 18 groups and fed for 6 mo on pelleted feed containing each of the plant protein meal supplemented with Yucca schidigera powder extract at 750 mg/kg. Methionine (1%) and lysine (0.5%) were added to each diet except the control diet (FMC), while diet FMC + Y was supplemented with yucca only. Three groups of fish were fed each of six isonitrogenous (25% crude protein) and isocaloric (4.3 kcal/g) diets replacing 100% of FM protein and performance compared against a nutritionally balanced control and a commercial tilapia feed. After 6 mo of feeding, the fish fed plant protein diets supplemented with yucca exhibited growth performance not differing significantly from that of fish fed FMC + Y, while differing significantly from the control FMC and diet linseed meal (LSM). The highest apparent protein digestibility coefficient was observed for diets treated with yucca, which was significantly higher than that observed for the control diet FMC. No significant differences were found in whole‐body moisture of fish fed different experimental diets. An increase in the whole‐body protein content was observed in fish fed diets supplemented with yucca, which was significantly different from that of the diet FMC. The whole‐body fat content of Nile tilapia was low and showed significant differences among treatments supplemented with yucca compared with the control diet FMC. The whole‐body energy content showed the same trend as whole‐body fat content.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号