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1.
山东沿海褶牡蛎与太平洋牡蛎等位基因酶的遗传变异 总被引：27，自引：2，他引：25
采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术研究了山东沿海莱州 (LZ)、俚岛 (LD)和青岛 (QD)三地褶牡蛎自然群体以及荣成的太平洋牡蛎 (TP)养殖群体的等位基因酶遗传变异。进行测试的 9种酶中共检测到 2 0个位点。LZ与QD群体的多态位点比例为 6 0 .0 % ,其余两群体均为 5 5 .0 %。LZ、LD、TP和QD各位点平均有效等位基因数分别为 1.42 2± 0 .16 5、1.2 38± 0 .0 85、1.2 0 7± 0 .0 86和 1.32 6± 0 .119。平均杂合度观察值分别为 0 .2 16± 0 .0 5 0、0 .16 5± 0 .0 36、0 .139± 0 .0 34和 0 .195± 0 .0 42。结果表明 ,LZ和QD群体的遗传变异水平高于LD和TP群体。同时 ,各群体中普遍存在杂合子缺失现象。太平洋牡蛎群体与其它三个褶牡蛎群体的遗传距离很小 ,甚至小于莱州和青岛的两个褶牡蛎群体间的遗传距离 0 .0 5 0 0 ,尤其是与俚岛褶牡蛎群体遗传相似度最大 ,遗传距离小于其它各群体之间的距离 ,仅为 0 .0 0 99。 相似文献
2.
ABSTRACT: This study documents the genetic population relationships between Ezo-awabi Haliotis discus hannai and Kuro-awabi H. discus discus by means of the microsatellite technique with an emphasis on the extent of genetic difference between Ezo- and Kuro-awabi populations. Eight markers were employed to screen five populations each collected from Ezo- and Kuro-awabi habitats. All eight loci showed polymorphisms in all populations (number of alleles per locus, 11.1–14.1; averaged expected heterozygosity, 0.64–0.70). The number of loci that yielded significant genetic heterogeneities (allele frequency distribution and/or pairwise θ ) between Ezo- and Kuro-awabi populations was larger than that generated in comparisons between populations within Ezo- and Kuro-awabi habitats. According to the bootstrap neighbor-joining trees constructed on the basis of two genetic distance measures ( D A and D ST ), the 10 populations fell into two clusters of populations (Ezo-awabi and Kuro-awabi habitat groups), and the results of hierarchical amova testing also supported the neighbor-joining clustering. The outcomes presented here suggest that the microsatellite markers used in this study are potentially an efficient means to differentiate Ezo- and Kuro-awabi populations. 相似文献
3.
为了监测长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)在选育过程中的遗传变异、分析选育对其遗传结构的影响,本研究以选育目标为壳宽快速生长的长牡蛎为实验材料,利用微卫星(Simple Sequence Repeats)标记技术,对长牡蛎基础群体(P0)和连续两代选育群体(F1和F2)进行遗传多样性评估。结果发现,所有微卫星位点在3个群体中都表现出了较高的多态性,P0、F1和F2代群体的平均等位基因数分别为16.5、12.2和12.8;P0、F1和F2代群体多态性信息含量(Pic)的平均数值分别为0.9068、0.8982和0.8836。所有群体10个位点的观测杂合度值(Ho)均小于期望杂合度值(He),观测杂合度平均值的大小范围为0.5775–0.6484,期望杂合度范围为0.8594–0.9279。哈迪-温伯格平衡(HWE)结果显示,3个群体在10个位点上有24个群体的位点组合显著偏离HWE(P<0.05),说明人工选育对选育群体的遗传结构有一定的影响。3个群体在10个位点上的Fis值均为正值,平均范围为0.1541–0.2341,表明群体内各位点上的杂合子比例有所下降;各群体间Fst值范围为0.0093–0.0245,遗传分化程度较弱。此研究表明,以壳宽快速生长为选育目的,长牡蛎连续选育群体仍具有很高遗传多样性,人工选育过程中保持一定选择压力,仍然会使长牡蛎的优良生长性状得到不断提高。 相似文献
4.
基于微卫星标记整合长牡蛎遗传图谱 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了提高长牡蛎遗传图谱上的微卫星标记密度,实验采用6个家系图谱间的共有微卫星标记作为锚定标记,构建了长牡蛎的整合图谱.该整合图谱共有161个微卫星标记,覆盖10个连锁群,图谱长度和平均间距分别为615.4和3.8 cM.各连锁群的标记数介于10 ～ 24个之间,连锁群长度为47.3～73.3 cM,是目前密度最高的长牡蛎微卫星图谱.不同作图家系连锁群上的标记分组保持一致,但标记顺序出现差异,可能与长牡蛎自然群体中存在大量的染色体重排现象有关.结果表明,该图谱可以为今后长牡蛎的遗传育种研究提供新的遗传工具. 相似文献
5.
Evaluation of genetic diversity of eight grouper species <Emphasis Type="Italic">Epinephelus</Emphasis> spp. based on microsatellite variations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Worawut Koedprang Uthairat Na-Nakorn Masamichi Nakajima Nobuhiko Taniguchi 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(2):227-236
ABSTRACT: Genetic diversity among eight species of grouper, Epinephelus bleekeri , E. coioides , E. malabaricus , E. ongus , E. akaara , E. maculatus , E. merra and E. fuscoguttatus , was studied using six microsatellite loci, Em-01 *, Em-03 *, Em-07 *, Em-08 *, Em-10 *, and CA-07 *, with the aim of exploring the feasibility of using microsatellite data for species identification. The results showed high levels of genetic differentiation among species ( F ST = 0.4403 and R ST = 0.4954). Species identification based on fixed allelic differences was possible between E. coioides , E. ongus , and E. fuscoguttatus at Em-01 * and between E. fuscoguttatus and E. ongus at Em-08 *. Private alleles were found in all species, except for E. ongus . Pairwise F ST ranged 0.238–0.578 ( P < 0.008 Bonferroni correction), and Nei's genetic distance ranged 0.433–2.710. Size homoplasy was observed at Em-03 * 157 allele, which was characterized by a T–C transition at the 119th nucleotide site of PCR products. The genetic assignment test unambiguously assigned each individual to the correct species. Thus, this test can be used for species identification of unknown individuals when the multilocus genotypes of the six microsatellite loci are available. The phylogenetic (neighbor-joining) tree, which was constructed based on the genetic distance matrix, separated the eight grouper species into two main groups. 相似文献
6.
利用8个微卫星标记对福建牡蛎(Crassostrea angulata)基础群体、‘金蛎1号’选育系F6和野生群体进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,每个位点在各群体的等位基因数为7~24个,各群体在所有位点的平均等位基因数为10.3~17.6个,平均等位基因丰度为9.8~16.8。平均观测杂合度和平均期望杂合度分别为0.655~0.662和0.788~0.872。经邦弗朗尼校正,哈迪–温伯格平衡检验结果显示,在24个群体–位点组合中18个群体–位点组合显著偏离平衡(P0.01)。群体内近交系数F_(is)值介于0.0095~0.2874,平均值为0.1992,遗传分化系数F_(st)介于0.0224~0.1627,平均值为0.0767,暗示选育群体中存在较低水平的非随机交配现象,属于中度偏低分化。研究表明,连续的选育对群体的遗传分化产生了一定的影响,但是,选育群体仍然具有较高水平的遗传多样性。 相似文献
7.
太平洋牡蛎微卫星引物对三角帆蚌的适用性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
三角帆蚌（Hyriopsis cumingii）是我国特有种，它形成的珍珠具有珠质光滑细腻、色泽鲜艳等方面的优点，是淡水蚌中育珠质量最佳者，已成为最主要的淡水养殖珍珠蚌。本研究选取已发表的32对太平洋牡蛎的微卫星引物在三角帆蚌基因组DNA中进行PCR扩增，探讨太平洋牡蛎的引物用于三角帆蚌基因组微卫星分析的可能性。通过优化PCR反应条件，筛选13对引物可在三角帆蚌基因组中扩增出特异性条带（占总数的4l％）；其中10对引物（占总数的3l％）在洞庭湖三角帆蚌小群体中即检测到了个体间等位基因的多态性，共出现40条多态性条带。10个位点杂合度大小在0．125到0．693之间，其中7个微卫星位点（Cgi-10，Cgi-22，Cgi-24，Cgi-26。Cgi-29，Cgi-30，Cgi-32）为高度多态性位点，杂合度大于0．500，而其余3个微卫星位点（Cgi-1，Cgi-18 and Cgi-25）杂合度小于0．500，为低度多态性位点。初步的结果表明，部分太平洋牡蛎的微卫星引物可以用于三角帆蚌基因组的分析，这为其它贝类微卫星标记的开发奠定了基础。 相似文献
8.
巨蛎属牡蛎遗传多样性研究 总被引：31，自引：3，他引：28
用ＲＰＤ方法获得的几种牡蛎间的遗传距离表明,我国北方海域确定存在大连湾牡蛎,褶牡蛎和近江牡蛎三种自然种。,它们同属巨蛎属。大连湾牡蛎,褶牡蛎和太平洋牡蛎互为姊妹种,近江牡蛎与它们互为非姊妹种。有无长牡蛎以及长牡蛎与上述三种牡蛎的关系有待进一步研究 相似文献
9.
Spatial differentiation in the eastern Pacific yellowfin tuna revealed by microsatellite variation 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
ABSTRACT: Five eastern Pacific yellowfin tuna samples (four northern: 10–25°N, 95–130°W, and one southern: 16–18°S, 95–97°W), collected from fishing vessels between 1994 and 2002 were analyzed for variation at seven microsatellite loci to evaluate their spatial genetic homogeneity. Single-locus homogeneity exact tests revealed significant genetic differentiation caused by three of seven loci. Pairwise sample comparisons of multilocus allele-frequency homogeneity tests and subpopulation division ( F ST ), revealed significant differentiation in comparisons between north equatorial samples and the south equatorial sample. amova analysis among collections grouped as northern and southern populations separated by the equator in the eastern Pacific confirmed the differentiation observed. These results may be considered as preliminary evidence of the presence of discrete populations in the eastern Pacific yellowfin tuna. The possibility that the spatial differentiation observed corresponds to temporal variation or non-random sampling cannot be discarded. The genetic differences encountered need to be corroborated by increasing sample sizes, including temporal replicates, and by the use of an alternative marker. 相似文献
10.
Abstract – Pseudoplatystoma corruscans is distributed widely in the La Plata Basin in Brazil, where it is a very important species because of its high commercial value and ecological role as a voracious predator. This species undertakes long migrations during the dry and rainy seasons to feed and reproduce, respectively. In this study, we analysed seven microsatellite loci to test the hypotheses of the existence of a single panmictic population of P. corruscans in the La Plata Basin. All microsatellites analysed were highly polymorphic with the number of alleles per locus ranging from seven (Pcor28) to 30 (Pcor10). Across all samples, 107 alleles were detected. Thirty alleles were private, i.e., found in only one sample. Highly significant genetic differentiation was observed among samples in three of the four analyses performed: F ST (from 0.03435 to 0.16349, P < 0.05), Analysis of molecular variance (amova) F ST = 8.25% ( P < 0.0001) and amova R ST = 9.72% ( P < 0.0001). A microsatellite multilocus Bayesian assignment test with the programme structure confirmed the division of the fishes into six groups largely concurrent with main branches on a population neighbour-joining tree. The obtained results rejected the panmixia hypothesis. On the other hand, the documented long-distance movements of P. corruscans and the geographical scale of genetic differentiation found in this study indicate a strong tendency for fish of this species to utilise their natal nursery regions for reproduction, which represents the first demonstrated example of homing in a freshwater catfish in South America. 相似文献
11.
太平洋牡蛎生物沉积作用的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2001年3-9月,在自然养殖状态下对太平洋牡蛎的生物沉积及其对物质输运的影响进行了研究。结果显示,太平洋牡蛎能加速海洋中颗粒物质的沉积,太平洋牡蛎的生物沉积率分别为小个体(壳长80～95mm)26.3～69.9mg·ind-1·d-1,中等个体(壳长95～110mm)37.5～83.7mg·ind-1·d-1和大个体(壳长110～125mm)44.1～103.7mg·ind-1·d-1。太平洋牡蛎的生物沉积与其壳长呈正相关线性关系,与其干组织重呈正相关的指数关系,而单位重量的生物沉积则与壳长和干组织重分别为负相关的线性和幂指数关系。海水温度和环境中饵料数量是影响太平洋牡蛎的生物沉积的重要因子。 相似文献
12.
Abstract – To describe in detail the population genetic structure of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou , seven anadromous populations in the Atsuta River were investigated by analysis of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci. Exact test and genetic differentiation ( F ST ) revealed that significant differentiation was observed at the within-river scale. Principal components analysis revealed that the spatial pattern of genetic composition was related to geographical location of each population. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between genetic differentiation and geographical distance, indicating that dispersal is less likely to occur between distant populations. The results of this study imply that masu salmon have potential to show clear genetic structure at the microgeographical scale (21 km) due to precise homing behaviour. 相似文献
13.
Sabina DE INNOCENTIIS Andrea LESTI Silvia LIVI Anna Rita ROSSI Donatella CROSETTI Luciana SOLA 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(5):852-859
ABSTRACT: This study was carried out to investigate the genetic variability and the population genetics of Sparus auratus. In fact, despite its importance in Mediterranean fisheries and aquaculture, very little it is known concerning its population structure. Samples of wild gilthead sea bream were collected in seven different localities along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts and were genetically characterized by means of microsatellite markers. Genotyping at four microsatellite loci revealed high polymorphism (7–38 alleles/locus) and expected heterozygosities, which ranged from 0.80 to 0.85. A slight but significant population structure was found ( F ST = 0.010). In fact, at least three populations of gilthead sea bream within the Western Mediterranean Sea were identified (Sardinian Sea, Sardinian Channel and Central Tyrrhenian Sea), which are also genetically differentiated from those of the Atlantic Ocean and the Adriatic Sea. 相似文献
14.
为了获得优良熊本牡蛎(Crassosrea sikamea)种质资源,于2015年从美国Taylor贝类养殖公司引入熊本牡蛎,采用2种配对方式构建了核心基础群体;以中国熊本牡蛎选育群体为对照,评估了美国熊本牡蛎引种的生产性能及可行性。结果表明,美国熊本牡蛎相对于中国群体而言,表现出生长较快,商品规格比率较高,但存活力较低的特点。经过1周年养成,美国熊本牡蛎较中国群体子代壳高提高了11.48%,总重提高了48.12%。评估表明,群体来源对子代生产性能造成了显著的影响,而配对策略尚未产生显著影响。本研究发现美国熊本牡蛎在中国华南沿海具有较好的生产性能,这为熊本牡蛎种质改良提供了宝贵的繁育材料,也为华南牡蛎产业提供了一个可选择的优良品种。 相似文献
15.
本文采用Ucdcg153、157、202微卫星分子标记对福建漳浦从广东饶平引人的太平洋牡蛎育苗亲贝进行等位基因比较.两组样品(Cg♀和cg♂)携带的等位基因在微卫星重复区间及其附近存在高度相似的变异特征.这些特征区间分别是:Ucdcg153 23～40位碱基区间,Ucdcg157 73～100位碱基区间,Ucd-cg2... 相似文献
16.
One of the challenges for the culture of any species is to control the loss of genetic variability, which may result in a decrease in the quality of commercially important traits. The goal of this study is to assess the genetic diversity of a hatchery population of the Pacific abalone ( Haliotis discus hannai ) from the Center for Abalone Production of the Universidad Católica del Norte (CAP-UCN) that is maintained under a breeding programme. We used six polymorphic microsatellite markers within the cultivated population. The loci Awb033 and Awb079 had the highest number of alleles (11 and 10 respectively) and the loci Awb022 and Awb026 the lowest (two and four respectively). The mean number of alleles per locus was 6.83. The average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.71 and 0.70, respectively, and the average F IS ( f ) index was −0.023. We compared the population genetic parameters of the CAP-UCN population with previously published data of wild and hatchery populations of the same species. Results indicate lower genetic diversity estimated as allelic richness in the introduced population with a loss of 11–58% alleles per locus. Despite the high allelic loss, the estimated inbreeding coefficient suggests that the breeding programme carried out in the CAP-UCN has controlled and maintained heterozygosity levels successfully. A temporal study is necessary to determine whether the genetic diversity loss detected was caused during the initial introduction of breeders or to the breeding programme actually implemented. 相似文献
17.
Panuwat Pumitinsee Wansuk Senanan Uthairat Na-Nakorn Wongpathom Kamonrat & Worawut Koedprang 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(10):1111-1122
Juveniles of orange-spotted grouper ( Epinephelus coioides ), a tropical serranid species, are heavily harvested for aquaculture seeds from nursing grounds in several Southeast Asian countries. Because juveniles of similar sizes are present in a nursery area throughout the year, we aimed to determine whether more than one genetically distinct population contributes to juvenile aggregations. We examined the temporal genetic heterogeneity of juvenile aggregations collected at four different times of the year at a nursery area in coastal waters of the Andaman Sea in Trang province, Thailand. Also, we examined the differences between these temporal samples and an outgroup collected from the Gulf of Thailand (Chantaburi). The genetic variation at six polymorphic microsatellite loci within each sample was moderate, with observed heterozygosities across all loci ranging from 0.551 to 0.629 and number of alleles per locus ranging from 7.0 to 8.33. Results indicated substantial genetic differences between the two geographically distant samples, Trang and Chantaburi (Fst =0.040–0.050, P <0.005), and between the July sample and the remaining samples from Trang (Fst =0.096–0.106, P <0.005). The observed temporal genetic heterogeneity of E. coioides juveniles may reflect high variability in the reproductive success of each spawning event and the existence of spatially isolated groups of spawners. 相似文献
18.
ABSTRACT: The genetic diversity and population structure of Cyclina sinensis were assessed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Three hundred and fifty-four AFLP loci were analyzed in 160 individuals collected from Lvshun, Lianyungang, Yueqing and Dongxing of coastal China. High levels of genetic diversity were detected, where the percentage of polymorphic loci and average expected heterozygosity ranged 88.4–98.9% and 0.304–0.365, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance showed that variation among populations (24.4%) was highly significant ( P < 0.001). Accordingly, the global fixation index ( θ B ) averaged over loci was high (0.205). The large genetic differences among populations indicate restricted gene flow, congruent with limited dispersal capability of C. sinensis . The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) tree topology constructed on the basis of Nei's genetic distances between populations showed a clear separation of the northern two populations from the southern two populations, suggesting that gene flow between the northern and southern regions is extremely low. This finding is additionally supported by the separate clustering of the four populations in the results of principal coordinate analysis. The useful information obtained in this study will offer insights to fine-tune conservation and fishery management measures in the future. 相似文献
19.
Genetic population evaluation of two closely related flatfish species, the rare barfin flounder and spotted halibut, along the Japanese coast 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
María Del Mar Ortega-Villaizán Romo Masato Aritaki Shigenori Suzuki Minoru Ikeda Takashi Asahida Nobuhiko Taniguchi 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(3):556-567
ABSTRACT: Barfin flounder and spotted halibut have been selected as target species for stock enhancement in Japan. Understanding the genetic condition of the wild stock is a principal requirement in any stock enhancement program. The genetic variability of barfin flounder and spotted halibut, and the population structure of spotted halibut were evaluated using microsatellite DNA markers (msDNA) and the control region of the mitocondrial DNA (mtDNA). Barfin flounder and spotted halibut showed high genetic variability at the msDNA level. Barfin flounder A was 16.7 and H e was 0.860; spotted halibut A n ranged from 7.7 to 10.2 and H e ranged from 0.710 to 0.774. At the mtDNA level, high haplotype ( h = 0.922) and low nucleotide (π = 0.002) diversities were observed for barfin flounder; however, low haplotype and nucleotide diversities ( h = 0.603–0.620 and π = 0.001–0.002), and very low haplotype and nucleotide diversities ( h = 0.193 and π = 0.0003) were observed for spotted halibut in the north and south locations, respectively. Slight genetic differentiation among spotted halibut sampling locations was observed from the msDNA. MtDNA analyses showed genetic differentiation between north and south locations, but not within them. The designation of north-specific and south-specific management units in the future stock enhancement activities of spotted halibut is recommended. 相似文献
20.
María Del Mar Ortega-Villaizán Romo Shigenori Suzuki Masamichi Nakajima Nobuhiko Taniguchi 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(1):33-39
ABSTRACT: The barfin flounder has been recently declared to be rare, as the number of wild individuals in Japan has greatly reduced since 1975. The Japanese National Center for Stock Enhancement started the stocking program for this species on 1987. In the present study, microsatellite DNA loci were applied in order to determine the pedigree of the hatchery-produced juveniles for stock enhancement. Additionally, using six polymorphic microsatellite markers, the accuracy to assign dyads to categories of kinship was estimated using the relatedness estimator ( R XY ), similarity indexes (individual genetic identity [GI] and proportion of shared alleles [ P S ]), identification of kin groups using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering based on interindividual genetic distances (1- R XY , 1- P S , and 1-GI), a likelihood ratio approach, and partition methods to separate individuals into cohorts. The results were compared with the pedigree relationship previously obtained from parentage analysis. Estimation of the kinship relationship between individuals could be better inferred by means of UPGMA dendrogram clustering based on 1-GI or 1- P S as interindividual genetic distances, or using computer software to perform partitioning of set of individuals. 相似文献