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1.
罗非鱼源蜡样芽孢杆菌分离、鉴定及药敏特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从福建漳州某养殖场患出血病死亡的罗非鱼肝脏、肾脏及脾脏分离到一株致病性菌株FJLF。对该菌进行了形态特征观察、理化特性测定及16S rRNA序列分子鉴定。生理生化特征和16S rRNA基因序列分析结果显示,分离到的FJLF株为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。人工感染该菌后发病鱼出现与自然发病类似症状,且从病灶中分离到与原感染菌一致菌株。腹腔注射后该菌株对罗非鱼的半致死剂量LD_(50)=2.30×10~6CFU/g。FJLF株对诺氟沙星、头孢噻肟、新霉素及卡那霉素等8种抗生素高度敏感;对环丙沙星、痢特灵、红霉素及链霉素中度敏感;对苯唑西林、青霉素、头孢拉定及阿莫西林等10种抗生素耐药。 相似文献
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从广东佛山、广州两地养殖场患内脏类结节病杂交鳢(Channa maculata♀×C.argus♂)内脏器官分离到2株细菌,纯化培养后获得2个分离株,编号为WL-1和WL-2,对分离菌株进行了细菌鉴定、致病性分析及药敏实验。应用常规生理生化鉴定和ATB系统细菌自动鉴定仪对分离菌株进行细胞形态学、理化特性分析,初步判定所分离菌为舒伯特气单胞菌。采用16S rRNA基因、DNA促旋酶的B亚单位蛋白(gyrB)基因对分离菌株进行DNA分子鉴定,结果显示,两个菌株间的16S rRNA基因序列相同,gyrB基因序列同源性为99.7%;分离菌株与GenBank上登录的舒伯特气单胞菌16S rRNA基因序列和gyrB基因序列同源性均最高,达99%以上;分离菌株在系统进化树上与舒伯特气单胞菌聚为一族,进一步确认分离株为舒伯特气单胞菌。人工感染健康鱼后出现与自然发病相似的内脏类结节病症状,从发病鱼内脏组织再分离的细菌特性与原感染菌相同。综合理化特性分析、基因鉴定和人工感染实验确认舒伯特气单胞菌是杂交鳢内脏类结节病的致病菌。药敏实验发现分离菌株对头孢唑啉、庆大霉素等14种药物敏感;对青霉素G、苯唑西林2种药物耐受。 相似文献
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2020年9月西藏自治区日喀则市亚东县某养殖基地的亚东鲑出现鳃病症状，主要临床症状为鳃盖打开、鳃丝充血、病鱼离群及呼吸困难。为探究此次疾病的病因，寻找其治疗方法，自患有鳃病症状的亚东鲑鳃组织中分离到1株优势菌YDX-1,采用常规细菌分析、16S rRNA基因序列比对分析和人工感染试验等方法对此株优势菌进行鉴定，同时查明菌株YDX-1的耐药性。试验结果表明，菌株YDX-1为革兰氏阴性菌，在16S rRNA基因序列比对构建的系统发育树中，其与杀鲑气单胞菌聚为一支，相似度达99%以上，结合该菌的形态学特征、生化特性和测序鉴定结果，综合鉴定菌株YDX-1为杀鲑气单胞菌。通过人工感染试验发现，杀鲑气单胞菌YDX-1对亚东鲑的致死率较高，且该菌具有传染性。药敏试验结果显示，杀鲑气单胞菌YDX-1对使用的6类(21种)药物普遍敏感，仅对复方新诺明中介。试验结果对西藏地区亚东鲑细菌性鳃病的防治具有指导意义。 相似文献
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西伯利亚鲟停乳链球菌的分离、鉴定与致病性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从患暴发性流行病的两伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baerii)肝脏和心脏中各分离到1株细菌,分离纯化后获得2个分离株,编号分别为AeBF070904、AbHT070912,对分离菌进行了菌株鉴定、致病性分析及药敏实验.分别应用常规生理生化鉴定、全自动细菌测定卡API 20 STREP和ID 32STREP进行检测,结果表明,2个分离株均为停乳链球菌(Streptococcus dysgalactiae).对2个分离株的16S rRNA基因进行PCR扩增和测序,并与GenBank中收录的链球菌16S rRNA基因进行序列分析并构建系统进化树,结果显示,2个分离株的16S rRNA基因序列相同,与停乳链球菌同源性最高达97.3%,在系统进化树上与停乳链球菌聚为一簇,进一步确认2个分离株均为停乳链球菌.从人工感染后发病鱼的内脏组织再分离的细菌特性与原感染菌相同,确认停乳链球菌是西伯利亚鲟的致病菌.2个分离株对两伯利亚鲟、杂交鲟及剑尾鱼均有致死毒性,37℃培养的细菌毒力比28℃培养的细菌毒力强.2个分离株均对青霉素、诺氟沙星等7种药物敏感;对头孢唑啉、庆大霉素等2种药物耐受;对红霉素巾等敏感;对卡那霉素等8种药物菌株之间出现差异. 相似文献
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锦鲤中琼氏不动杆菌的分离与鉴定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对从病死锦鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.)肝组织中分离的2株菌(编号:HC050630D-1、HC050630D-2)进行了形态特征、理化特性、药物敏感性及对健康鲤鱼的致病作用等方面的检验;测定不HC050630D-1株菌的16S rRNA基因序列,构建了系统发育树.结果表明,2株被检菌为琼氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter junii),对健康鲤鱼未呈现明显致病作用;所测菌株的16S rRNA基因序列长度1450 bp,在GenBank中登录号为EF669479,该菌株16s rRNA基因序列与GenBank数据库中不动杆菌属细菌的16S rRNA基因序列同源性为99%;药敏试验结果显示对供试的头孢拉啶等21种药物坚现高度敏感或敏感,对头孢他啶等7种呈低度敏感,对青霉素G等9种耐药. 相似文献
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为查明养殖豹纹鳃棘鲈类结节症的病因,自患病豹纹鳃棘鲈内脏中分离到1株优势菌株061101,人工感染试验证实,该菌具有强毒力,能够引起被感染鱼内脏出现白色结节并死亡,为引起此次豹纹鳃棘鲈类结节症的病原菌。采用形态学、生化特性测定对菌株061101进行鉴定,同时采用细菌16S rRNA通用引物进行PCR扩增得到该菌的16S rRNA基因序列,测序后比对,构建系统发育树。试验结果表明,菌株061101与发光杆菌属中的美人鱼发光杆菌杀鱼亚种基本特征相符;基于16S rRNA基因序列构建的系统发育树将菌株061101与美人鱼发光杆菌杀鱼亚种聚为一支,置信度达100%。据此确定,此次豹纹鳃棘鲈类结节症的病原为美人鱼发光杆菌杀鱼亚种。药敏结果显示,该菌株仅对链霉素(300μg/片)、庆大霉素(120μg/片)敏感,对多黏菌素B、阿洛西林等中度敏感,对氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星、强力霉素等均耐药。 相似文献
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《福建水产》2012,34(3)
从福建诏安患病的人工养殖欧洲鳗鲡体内分离到1株致病菌,人工回归感染实验显示分离的菌株能使欧洲鳗鲡致病死亡,且临床症状与自然病例相似。分离菌具有β-溶血性;可在含盐量4%的培养基上生长;革兰氏染色呈阴性,短杆状,具有运动性;其生化反应特性与其他水生动物源的嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila）相同;16S rRNA基因序列分析结果显示：分离菌株在系统发育树上与A.hydrophila属同一分支,相似性达99.8%。根据分离菌株的形态、生理生化特性,结合16S rRNA序列测定（GenBank登录号为JN391411）与系统发育分析,将其鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌（A.hydrophila）。药敏试验结果表明分离菌对头孢噻肟钠、氟苯尼考、复方新诺明、奥复星、头孢吡肟、头孢孟多、左氟沙星等高度敏感。 相似文献
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养殖欧洲鳗鲡体表溃疡病病原菌的分离、鉴定及药敏试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从福建诏安患病的人工养殖欧洲鳗鲡体内分离到1株致病菌,人工回归感染实验显示分离的菌株能使欧洲鳗鲡致病死亡,且临床症状与自然病例相似。分离菌具有β-溶血性;可在含盐量4%的培养基上生长;革兰氏染色呈阴性,短杆状,具有运动性;其生化反应特性与其他水生动物源的嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)相同;16S rRNA基因序列分析结果显示:分离菌株在系统发育树上与A.hydrophila属同一分支,相似性达99.8%。根据分离菌株的形态、生理生化特性,结合16S rRNA序列测定(GenBank登录号为JN391411)与系统发育分析,将其鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌(A.hydrophila)。药敏试验结果表明分离菌对头孢噻肟钠、氟苯尼考、复方新诺明、奥复星、头孢吡肟、头孢孟多、左氟沙星等高度敏感。 相似文献
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黄颡鱼红头病病原研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从患红头病的黄颡鱼的肝脏中分离获得HS807菌株,经人工感染试验为该病的致病菌,结合形态观察、培养特性及16S rRNA基因序列分析,HS807菌为鲇鱼爱德华氏菌.药敏试验表明,对复方新诺明、环丙沙星、先锋Ⅳ、强力霉素、青霉素、依诺沙星、菌必治、新霉素、呋喃唑酮等药物敏感. 相似文献
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南方鲇幼鱼细菌性败血症病原与组织病理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从天然患病南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis Chen)幼鱼的肝脏中分离获得1株优势菌,命名为SCL1.用该菌株人工感染健康南方鲇幼鱼,发现菌株SCL1的感染致死率高,且患病症状与自然发病症状一致.再从人工感染的患病鱼肝脏中分离病原菌,再次感染健康南方鲇幼鱼,其症状与自然发病症状一致,确认分离菌株为南方鲇"败血症"的致病菌.该菌株形态学、生理生化特征和16S rDNA基因序列显示其为嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila).药敏试验结果表明,该菌对土霉素、链霉素、氧氟沙星、氟哌酸、卡那霉素和庆大霉素高度敏感,而对青霉素钠、麦迪霉素、罗红霉素、甲氧苄啶、乙酞螺旋霉素不敏感.组织病理研究显示患病南方贴肝组织严重坏死,肝细胞排列紊乱,部分肝细胞核肿胀、崩解;脾脏细胞间界限不清,细胞核膨大,核内染色质疏松;肾小管上皮细胞肿胀,肾小囊腔间隙增大,可见该菌主要损伤南方鲇幼鱼肝、肾和脾.本研究旨在为南方站细菌性败血症的诊断与防治提供科学依据. 相似文献
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自环洞庭湖区精养鱼池患病草鱼肠道中分离获得4种病原菌,进行16S rRNA基因和gyrB基因序列测定和在线比对,并对草鱼进行回归感染。随后进行4种病原菌的药敏特征、溶血活性试验,并利用PCR方法检测了6种毒力因子的携带情况。试验结果表明,病原菌分别为温和气单胞菌、异常嗜糖气单胞菌、类志贺邻单胞菌和格氏乳球菌;4种病原菌回归感染草鱼,均能使草鱼患病致死,自死亡的草鱼体内均能分离得到相应感染的病原菌;4种病原菌对多种抗生素具有耐药性,且在脱纤维绵羊血血平板上检测到了温和气单胞菌、异常嗜糖气单胞菌AaB007的溶血活性;PCR结果表明,4种病原菌携带多种毒力因子。研究结果可为环洞庭湖区草鱼精养鱼池健康养殖及病害防治提供科学依据。 相似文献
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对豫北地区嗜水气单胞菌引起的细菌性败血病进行流行病学调查,分离鉴定致病性嗜水气单胞菌菌株,并对致病性嗜水气单胞菌菌株进行毒力验证和药敏试验。采集4个养殖场病鱼标本及水样,每月进行流行病学调查,利用生理生化及分子生物学方法检测嗜水气单胞菌的分布状况。结果显示,筛选出52株为嗜水气单胞菌,其中32株为致病性嗜水气单胞菌,20株为非致病性嗜水气单胞菌,且致病性嗜水气单胞菌主要分布在7—9月份,毒力验证试验表明,32株致病性菌株的毒力大小差异明显,筛选出强毒株XDMG(4),为后期试验的疫苗株做准备;药敏试验表明,不同菌株对同一种药物的药敏结果不同,但大部分药物的药敏结果基本一致,70%以上的致病性菌株对头孢哌酮、氟本尼考、菌必治、阿米卡星等抗菌药物表现为高度敏感,对青霉素类药物表现为高度耐药性,耐药率达100%,对氨基糖苷类(不包括阿米卡星)、磺胺类、四环素等药物呈现不同程度的耐药性,具有多重耐药性。本试验旨在丰富本地区的鱼类细菌性败血病的病原资料,并为该菌引起的人类疾病的防控提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Abhinanda Bairagi Keka Sarkar Ghosh Sukanta Kumar Sen Arun Kumar Ray 《Aquaculture International》2002,10(2):109-121
Isolationand enumeration of aerobic bacterial flora in the gastrointestinal tract of nineculturable freshwater teleosts, namely catla, rohu, mrigal, silver carp, grasscarp, common carp, tilapia, walking catfish and murrel have been carried out.Amylolytic, cellulolytic, lipolytic and proteolytic microflora were identifiedfrom the culture plate using selective media. The isolates were qualitativelyscreened on the basis of their extracellular enzyme producing ability. Theselected strains were further quantitatively assayed for amylase, cellulase,lipase and protease activities. Protease activity was exhibited by almost allthe bacterial isolates, while strains isolated from tilapia, grass carp andcommon carp showed considerable amylolytic and cellulolytic activities. Maximumactivity of lipase was exhibited by a strain isolated from silver carp. Thestudy indicates that there is a distinct microbial source of the digestiveenzymes – amylase, cellulase, lipase and protease, apart from endogenoussources in fish gut. The information generated from the present investigationmight contribute towards better feed formulations for carp at low cost,incorporating the enzyme producing bacterial isolates as probiotics. 相似文献
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Isolation and enumeration of phytase‐producing bacterial flora in the foregut and hindgut regions of the gastrointestinal tracts of 10 culturable freshwater teleosts of different feeding habits, namely rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla), mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala), bata (Labeo bata), kalbasu (Labeo calbasu), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), climbing perch (Anabas testudineus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), have been carried out. Microbial culture of the gut mucosa on selected nutrient media following the enrichment culture technique was performed for bacterial isolation. The bacterial isolates were screened on the basis of their enzyme‐producing ability. The bacterial population on the tryptone soya agar (TSA) plate was maximum in the hindgut region of bata, followed by mrigal and minimum in the foregut region of Nile tilapia. In modified phytase screening medium (MPSM), phytase‐producing strains were recorded at higher densities in the foregut region of mrigal and grass carp and minimum in the foregut region of bata. In case of the hindgut, maximum phytase‐producing strains were present in grass carp and mrigal and minimum in rohu. In general, in MPSM, the bacterial population was lower in the hindgut region of all the 10 species of fish examined. The phytase‐producing ability of the selected 31 strains (16 from the foregut and 15 from the hindgut region) was determined by clearing zones on phytate‐containing plates. Among these isolates, 22 strains (12 from the foregut and 10 from the hindgut region) were selected as potent phytase producers according to a quantitative enzyme assay. The highest phytase activity was observed in the bacterial strains LF1 and LH1 isolated from the fore and the hindgut regions of rohu respectively. Both the strains were identified as Bacillus licheniformis on the basis of phenotypic characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence analysis. 相似文献
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Diversity and activity of cellulolytic bacteria,isolated from the gut contents of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) (Valenciennes) fed on Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense) or artificial feedstuffs 
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下载免费PDF全文 Huan Li Shangong Wu Stephan Wirth Yaotong Hao Weiwei Wang Hong Zou Wenxiang Li Guitang Wang 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(1):153-164
Herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) has a powerful capability to digest cellulose from aquatic plants, depending on the cellulase complex produced by the cellulolytic bacterial community in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, it remains uncertain which bacteria taxa may actively participate in the digestion of food fibre. In this study, a total of 499 cellulolytic bacteria from the gut content of grass carp fed on Sudan grass (242 strains) and artificial feedstuffs (257 strains) were randomly isolated and characterized using carboxymethyl‐cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and cellobiose agar media. The results showed that more than half of the isolates were capable of degrading carboxymethyl‐cellulose and cellobiose, while the remaining isolates were restricted to microcrystalline cellulose decomposition, exclusively. The cellulolytic bacterial community was dominated by Aeromonas, followed by Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Citrobacter, Bacillus, Raoultella, Klebsiella, Hydrotalea, Pseudomonas, Brevibacillus and some unclassified bacteria, as revealed by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Notably, grass carp fed on grass with high‐fibre content harboured a higher diversity of cellulolytic bacteria than the ones fed on low‐fibre feedstuffs. Our results provided evidence for a positive correlation between the content of food fibre and the diversity of cellulolytic bacteria in grass carp intestines. Thus, improving growth conditions and cellulase activities for GI cellulolytic microorganisms in grass carp intestines are critical for effective utilization of feedstuffs containing high fibre levels. 相似文献
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为调查鱼源气单胞菌毒力基因与其致病力的相关性,以2009—2018年从不同患病鱼分离的173株气单胞菌为研究对象,通过检测毒力相关基因、测定溶血活性、腹腔注射感染异育银鲫等方法开展评价。通过管家基因gyrB分子鉴定结果显示,173株气单胞菌中维氏气单胞菌(119/173,68.9%)和嗜水气单胞菌(50/173,28.9%)是主要流行的菌株。10个毒力基因aer(162/173,93.64%)、act(131/173,75.72%)、ast(55/173,31.79%)、alt(58/173,33.53%)、lip(152/173,87.86%)、exu(154/173,89.02%)、fla(143/173,82.66%)、gcaT(148/173, 85.55%)、 eprCAI(41/173, 23.70%)和ahyB(51/173, 29.48%)普遍存在于173株气单胞菌中。依据检测到的毒力基因数量从多到少分布情况,这些菌株可分为7大类(Ⅰ～Ⅶ)53个毒力基因型。大部分嗜水气单胞菌检测到8～10个毒力基因,主要分布于Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ类基因型;维氏气单胞菌的eprCAI、ahyB、 ast和alt等4个毒力基因检测率低,主要分布于Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ类基因型。大部分气单胞菌(94.22%,163/173)具有溶血活性。代表性毒力基因型的38株维氏气单胞菌和20株嗜水气单胞菌腹腔注射异育银鲫攻毒结果显示,3.0×106 CFU/尾的剂量下,3株维氏气单胞菌使鲫死亡率达80%～100%,16株嗜水气单胞菌使鲫死亡率达90%～100%。研究表明,维氏气单胞菌是目前最主要流行的气单胞菌,但其检测到的毒力基因普遍少于嗜水气单胞菌,且对异育银鲫的致病力普遍弱于嗜水气单胞菌。本研究能够为气单胞菌败血症的流行病学调查和疫苗研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
19.
查明广西南宁、贵港和桂平养殖山瑞鳖细菌性败血症的病原菌及其6种毒力基因的携带情况,为有效防控山瑞鳖细菌性败血症提供参考。本研究以常规方法从患病山瑞鳖的心脏和肝脏取样、分离细菌,人工感染方法确定分离菌株的致病性,细菌鉴定采用API 20NE生化鉴定和16S rRNA分子鉴定相结合的方法进行,PCR扩增法对菌株的溶血素基因(hemolysin gene,hly)、气溶素基因(aerolysin gene,Aer)、细胞兴奋性肠毒素基因(cytotonic enterotoxin gene,Alt)、细胞毒性肠毒素基因(cytotoxic enterotoxin gene,Act)、黏附素基因(major adhesin gene,ahal)和丝氨酸蛋白酶基因(serine protease gene,ahp)6种毒力基因进行检测。结果显示,从患病山瑞鳖心脏和肝脏中共分离到4株优势菌SRB125、SRB142、SRB143和SRB345,对健康山瑞鳖的平均致死率为97.50%~100.00%,是引起山瑞鳖细菌性败血症的病原菌;生化和分子鉴定结果显示,4株分离菌均为嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila),与A.hydrophila L3-5(KP716701)菌株的亲缘关系最近,同源相似性均达到99.9%;6种毒力基因共包含2种毒力基因型,在4株菌株中的分布为hly~+Aer~+Alt~+Act~+ahal~+ahp~+和hly~+Aer~+Alt~+Act~+ahal~+ahp~–各2株,来源于南宁的SRB143和桂平的SRB345菌株均缺失ahp基因。 相似文献
20.
To assess strain related differences in growth performance and growth patterns under the same culture environment, four strains of common carp, two each of the scale carp, Cyprinus carpio var. communis (Chinese big-belly carp and long bodied carp) and mirror carp, C. carpio var. specularis (scattered carp and linear carp) were communally stocked in three fertilized earthen ponds of 0.14 ha each at 5,000 fish ha?1 in the ratio of 1:1:1:1 during an 11-month (February to December) culture cycle. Chinese big-belly carp grew larger than other groups, among which there were no significant differences. Scale carp strains performed relatively better than mirror carp at higher temperatures and then essentially stopped growing as temperatures declined into winter. The strains of mirror carp, on the other hand continued growing well later into the cold season. 相似文献