共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
白氏文昌鱼Branchiostoma belcheri(Gray)在我国和日本沿海均有分布,一般认为分布于青岛和日本沿海的文昌鱼为白氏文昌鱼的一个亚种(B.belcheri tsingtauense),分布于厦门地区的文昌鱼为白氏文昌鱼。该文测定了厦门海域和青岛海域的文昌鱼mtDNA COI和Cyt b基因的部分序列,并与日本产的文昌鱼以及产于大西洋的几种文昌鱼进行了比较。基于COI和Cyt b基因序列的分析结果表明,厦门文昌鱼和青岛文昌鱼之间的平均遗传距离是18.8%和20.3%,远远超过了在其他物种中观察到的种内差异,已达到种间差异水平,而日本文昌鱼和青岛文昌鱼的遗传距离分别为1.3%和0.9%,应属于种内差异。该文研究结果支持厦门文昌鱼和青岛文昌鱼为不同种的观点。 相似文献
2.
亚硝酸盐对茂名海域文昌鱼生长及磷酸酶的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了文昌鱼对亚硝酸盐(NO2-)的耐受极限以及在NO2-胁迫条件下文昌鱼的体重及磷酸酶的变化。结果表明,文昌鱼在(25±1)℃温度条件下耐受NO2-的96h的LC50为262.98mg/L。在水体NO2-不超过0.34mg/L时文昌鱼酸性磷酸酶(ACP)较对照组无显著变化(P>0.05),在浓度为0.24mg/L时碱性磷酸酶(ALP)受显著促进作用(P<0.05);当水体NO2-大于12.07mg/L时,文昌鱼ALP和(ACP)活性均随水体中NO2-浓度的增加受到显著(P<0.05)的抑制作用。水体浓度达33.44mg/L时,文昌鱼体重与对照组相比受抑制作用显著(P<0.05)。 相似文献
3.
文昌鱼作为研究脊椎动物起源和进化的模式生物,由于缺乏自由循环的血细胞,关于其清除体内病原体的机制,迄今尚无报道。采用体内细菌清除试验、体外杀菌试验、特异性抗体抑制试验、抑制补体途径试验及Western blot方法,研究了文昌鱼体内细菌清除机制及动力学。试验结果表明,文昌鱼能有效清除入侵的异源微生物,体液对大肠杆菌具有较强的杀灭活性。补体和溶菌酶是参与清除入侵大肠杆菌的主要因子,通过替代途径激活的补体较溶菌酶作用更强,这是关于文昌鱼清除体内细菌机制及其相关因子的首次报道。 相似文献
4.
研究了茂名海域文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcher)耐受亚硝酸盐(NO-2)的极限和在NO-2胁迫条件下体重及磷酸酶(ACP)、酚氧化酶(PO)的变化情况.结果表明,文昌鱼在(25±1)℃温度条件下在96 h内耐受NO-2的半致死浓度LC50为262.98 mg/L.在水体NO-2质量浓度不超过0.34 mg/L时,ACP活性与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),在0.24 mg/L时对碱性磷酸酶(ALP)及PO有显著影响,差异显著(P<0.05);大于12.07 mg/L时,对文昌鱼ALP、ACP及PO活性均有显著的抑制作用(P<0.05).NO-2质量浓度达到33.44 mg/L时,文昌鱼体重与对照组相比受抑制作用显著(P<0.05). 相似文献
5.
短刀偏文昌鱼[Asymmetron cultellum(Peters)]属文昌鱼科(Familly Branchiostomidae)仅有两个属,当中除文昌鱼属(Genus Branchiostoma Costa)外的另外一属,即偏文昌鱼属(Genus Asymmetron Andrews),是狭温性热带种。过去报道仅分布在中国南海北部湾西北部和汕头近海。我所在1986年进行台湾海峡南部综合调查和粤东石油开发区沉积生物生态调查的东山近海部分测站中,获得许多文昌鱼标本,从中分出一些颇似短刀形的个体,经鉴定系短刀偏文昌鱼,为福建近海的首次记录。观将其形态特征和若干生态特点描述如下: 相似文献
6.
中国南部沿海文昌鱼形态的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
文昌鱼是一种驰名中外的脊索动物，不但有丰富的营养价值，而且是研究脊索动物进化的稀有材料。据以往报道，在我国仅福建同安刘五店和山东青岛、烟台有分布。近年，在河北秦皇岛、广西合浦和广东遂溪也有关于文昌鱼分布和形态特征研究的报道一。1986年10月以来，我们在开展文昌鱼资源调查工作中， 相似文献
7.
闽江口至南澳海岸带文昌鱼分布调查 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据农牧渔业部1986年下达福建省水产研究所承担的、部重点科研课题“文昌鱼资源调查”的任务要求,我们除以厦门前埔文昌鱼渔场为重点、设站进行周年逐月定点调查外,于1987年9月至1988年1月间,调查了福建闽江口至广东南澳一带沿岸文昌鱼的分布。调查是在大潮汛期间于低潮前后1—2小时,涉足潮间带的低、中潮区进行的,以采集文昌鱼标本为目的。在采到标本的现场,取水样和底质带回实验室分析盐度(用感应式电导盐度计)和砂粒直径大小(用筛法分离)。在文昌鱼数量较多的沿海,还进行 相似文献
8.
于2007和2008年的5月、8月对滦河口海域开展了文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense)种群的生活史与食性研究。结果表明:(1)滦河口文昌鱼Ⅰ龄个体平均体长为10~14mm,Ⅱ龄为20~28mm,Ⅲ龄为36~38mm,Ⅳ龄可达44~46mm,且滦河口文昌鱼的最长体长为47.5mm。(2)滦河口文昌鱼Ⅰ龄与Ⅱ龄个体的年平均生长长度、平均生长速度相同,Ⅲ龄略高,Ⅳ龄最低。当年繁殖的文昌鱼幼体在孵化后的2~3个月内生长速度最快,接近2~2.5mm/月。(3)文昌鱼体长与体重呈指数增长关系,随着体长的增加,体重增长明显,属匀速生长型。(4)滦河口文昌鱼主要以粒径约为1mm以下的营浮游生活的硅藻为食,圆筛藻和角毛藻可能是文昌鱼的主要饵料。 相似文献
9.
研究了文昌鱼对亚硝酸盐（NO2^-）的耐受极限以及在NO2^-胁迫条件下文昌鱼的体重及磷酸酶的变化。结果表明,文昌鱼在（25±1）℃温度条件下耐受NO2^-96h的LC50为262．98mg／L。在水体NO2^-不超过0．34mg／L时文昌鱼酸性磷酸酶（ACP）较对照组无显著变化（P〉0．05）,在浓度为0．24mg／L时碱性磷酸酶（ALP）受显著促进作用（P〈0．05）;当水体NO2^-大于12．07mg／k时,文昌鱼ALP和ACP活性均随水体中NO2^-浓度的增加受到显著（P〈0．05）的抑制作用。水体浓度达33．44mg／L时,文昌鱼体重与对照组相比受抑制作用显著（P〈0．05）。 相似文献
10.
Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+对茂名海域文昌鱼酸、碱性磷酸酶的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
试验结果表明,在Cu2+质量浓度为0.096 mg/L水体中生活的文昌鱼酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)均不受抑制作用,在Cu2+质量浓度为0.16、0.256、0.356 mg/L水体中生活的文昌鱼的ACP、ALP活性均显著受抑制(P＜0.05),随时间延长和质量浓度升高,抑制作用增强.在Zn2+质量浓度达到0.195 mg/L时,文昌鱼的ALP与对照组同期相比受抑制作用显著(P＜0.05),随质量浓度增加,受抑制作用增强;ACP在Zn2+质量浓度达到0.39 mg/L时,文昌鱼ACP第10 d影响不显著(P＞0.05),第20 d和30 d表现出显著(P＜0.05)抑制作用,超过这一质量浓度,受抑制作用增强.在Cd2+水体中生活的文昌鱼ALP在Cd2+质量浓度为0.4 mg/L时,抑制显著(P＜0.05),在此质量浓度水体中的文昌鱼ACP在第30 d测定时也表现为抑制显著(P＜0.05),随时间延长和质量浓度增加,文昌鱼ACP、ALP活性受抑制作用增强,在最高质量浓度为2.0 mg/L时,至中期已经死亡. 相似文献
11.
Kužir S Gjurčević E Nejedli S Baždarić B Kozarić Z 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2012,38(3):625-633
Diet-related differences between the ratio of intestine length to body size and the enzymatic activity in the intestinal tract of wild and reared European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) were studied. Compared with reared eel, wild eel showed significantly shorter relative intestine length. For the purpose of histochemical examination, different parts (anterior, middle and posterior) of intestine proper were used. Activities of non-specific esterase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, and aminopeptidase were examined in each segment. All enzymes were present in the intestines of both wild and reared European eel. Fish from both groups showed similar enzyme distribution within the enterocytes, but distribution and intensity of enzyme activity along the intestine vary depending on the group. Generally, reared European eel showed highest enzymatic activity and wider distribution of enzymes throughout all parts of the intestine. These results suggest that different diets could be one of the reasons for observed changes. 相似文献
12.
Bong G. Kim S. Divakaran Christopher L. Brown Anthony C. Ostrowski 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2001,24(3):225-241
The specific activity of digestive enzymes; aspartic and serine protease, collagenase, lipase, acid and alkaline amylase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, and chitinase was assayed throughout early development in two species of marine fishes: the Pacific threadfin (Polydactylus sexfilis) and bluefin trevally (Caranx melampygus). Specific enzyme activities were determined on whole larval extracts sampled at selected stages of development, from day 0 to day 30 post-hatching. Similar developmental patterns of enzyme specific activity were observed in the two species, although differences in timing, amplitude and effects of first feeding were noted. Amylase activity increased prior to first feeding, peaking at the middle of the larval period, and becoming nearly undetectable by the time of larval-to-juvenile metamorphosis. Serine protease, collagenase, lipase and alkaline (and acid for threadfin) phosphatase activities increased gradually, followed by sharp increases to a plateau during the second half of larval development. Aspartic protease and chitinase activities, in addition to acid phosphatase (for trevally), were low to undetectable in the first half of development, increasing through metamorphosis. In the trevally only, this group of enzymes exhibited high activity levels at the time of hatching, followed by a precipitous drop. Species-dependent differences in enzyme specific activity at first feeding may have been a result of differences in yolk utilization. These results, taken in the context of earlier reports, lead us to conclude that carbohydrate utilization may play a significant role in the earlier phases of development among some marine larvae, followed by a shift to protein and lipid utilization. 相似文献
13.
青岛文昌鱼遗传多样性的RAPD分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
采用RAPD技术对青岛文昌鱼雌、雄各11条个体共22个样本进行遗传多样性检测。从40个寡聚核苷酸随机引物中筛选出17个扩增重复性好、条带清晰、特异性强的引物,对每个个体基因组DNA进行了扩增。得到RAPD产物的分子量在200～2200bp之间,产物总计127个位点,其中,多态位点60个(占47．24％)。计算个体间遗传相似系数平均为0．8656,个体间遗传距离平均为0．1344。用Shannon多样性指数量化的遗传多态度(Ho),雄性群体(0．1912)高于雌性群体(0．1125),平均遗传多态度(Hpop)为0．1519。文昌鱼遗传多态度所占的比例在群体内为0．2553,而雌、雄群体间为0．7447。在文昌鱼雌、雄个体RAPD产物中,两个电泳图谱上能读出明显的雄性特征带,估计可能与雄性文昌鱼具有异型性染色体有关,这与XY型性别决定机制相吻合。引物OPC12扩增产物250bp为雄性文昌鱼所特有,可能为区别性别的分子标记。用NJ法进行聚类分析,结果表明,22个个体明显按性剐聚成两类,文昌鱼雌、雄个体基因组间的差异较大。 相似文献
14.
We describe the development and distribution of intestinal aminopeptidase M, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV, non-specific esterase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase, using enzyme histochemistry techniques, in the spotted sand bass larvae ( Paralabrax maculatofasciatus ) under culture conditions. All digestive enzymes tested showed a positive reaction from first feeding (day 2) and throughout the study period (day 30). At first feeding, the main enzymatic activity was in the mucosa throughout the intestines. Later, enzymatic activity occurred in the liver, kidney and stomach. All enzymatic activities increased from days 15 to 20, remaining constant until the end of the study. This enzymatic activity suggests the onset of maturation of the digestive tract. After day 20, a positive reaction was recorded in the pyloric caeca for all tested enzymatic activities. Our study confirms the digestive and absorptive functions in the intestines in spotted sand bass larvae from first feeding. It also brings new insight to establish an early weaning strategy during cultivation of spotted sand bass larvae. 相似文献
15.
The adaptive response of the omnivorous ide,Leuciscus idus melanotus, to drastic metabolic conditions was analyzed on different levels of organisation investigating a variety of parameters: Organism (condition factor, liver-somatic index), organ (liver structure), cellular and subcellular level (hepatocyte structure, glycogen and lipid storage, contents and distribution of nucleic acids, enzyme alterations).During starvation, ide were able to maintain liver integrity in a biphasic process: after an initial phase of disturbance, ide established a new structural and metabolic homeostasis. Recovery from starvation was possible only with a complete diet but not with a sucrose diet. Carbohydrate overload, as evoked by sucrose refeeding, did not result in liver or carcass fattening as known from mammals.To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to use enzyme histochemistry in fish nutrition research. In mammals, histochemistry is particularly helpful for understanding processes of hepatic metabolic adaptation. In fish, however, on the basis of our results, enzyme histochemical studies appear to be of limited value, as long as no further data are available on a zonal distribution of enzyme activities in teleost liver parenchyma. Instead, the histochemical detection of the distribution of hepatic storage products and RNA-positive material yielded important information on liver adaptive processes.Abbreviations H
starvation
- SU
sucrose
- AD
artificial diet
- AcP
acid phosphatase
- G6Pase
glucose-6-phosphatase
- G6PDH
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GLU
-glucuronidase
- ME
malic enzyme
- PHO
glycogen phosphorylase
- UE
unspecific esterase
- RER
rough endoplasmic reticulum 相似文献
16.
White spot syndrome virus and zymosan A were used to stimulate the Chinese prawn Fenneropenaeus chinensis (Osbeck), and enzyme activities in organs involved in immune defence e.g., lymphoid organ, hepatopancreas and gill, total haemocyte count and mitotic index of haematopoietic tissue (HPT) were measured. The results showed that activities of phenoloxidase (PO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) were higher in lymphoid organ than in gill. The hepatopancreas had no PO activity, its SOD activity was similar to the lymphoid organ, and its ALP and ACP activities were higher than lymphoid organ and gill. Phenoloxidase activity in lymphoid organ was higher than that of the control group at 2 h after injection and lower than control after 24 h. Superoxide dismutase activity in all organs showed an increase. Alkaline phosphatase activity in lymphoid organ and gill was higher than that of the control group at 2 and 24 h after injection respectively. The difference in ACP activity was not significant. After injection with zymosan A, the mitotic index of HPT increased by 1.5‐fold compared with the control, and returned to control level after 48 h. 相似文献
17.
采用荧光模拟底物法监测了精养池塘水中碱性磷酸酶(AP)、β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、亮氨酸氨肽酶(LAP)以及脂肪酶(LIP)活性动态变化特征,分析了胞外酶活性在不同粒径生物上的分布,并探讨了池塘水中酶活性与水质理化因子之间的相关性。结果显示:养殖周期内,草鱼池塘水中β-葡萄糖苷酶活性为0.18~1.63μmol/(L·h),亮氨酸氨肽酶活性范围为0.28~1.66μmol/(L·h),碱性磷酸酶活性为0.96~3.49μmol/(L·h),脂肪酶活性范围为1.48~2.68μmol/(L·h)。主成分分析结果表明,池塘水中胞外酶活性呈现明显的月份动态变化。4种典型胞外酶在池塘水中不同粒径生物上的酶活性分布不同。β-葡萄糖苷酶和亮氨酸氨肽酶活性的主要来源是3μm粒径的浮游生物,碱性磷酸酶活性主要来源为0.22μm粒径的游离态,脂肪酶活性主要来源于0.22μm的游离态和3μm粒径浮游生物。养殖池塘水中β-葡萄糖酶活性与NH_4~+-N、TN、TP、IP、COD_(mn)、Chl.a呈极显著正相关,与DO呈极显著负相关;脂肪酶活性与DO呈极显著正相关,与pH呈极显著负相关;亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性与NH_4~+-N、NO-2-N、TN、TP、IP、COD_(mn)、Chl.a呈显著正相关,与T和pH呈显著正相关,与DO呈显著负相关。 相似文献
18.
19.
The aim of this study was to assess the metabolic and digestive enzyme activities in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum fed dietary supplements. The biometric indices and the following enzymes activities were measured: acid protease and pepsin from the stomach homogenates, alkaline phosphatase (AP) from the small intestine and the brush border membrane, total proteolytic enzymes and trypsin from the small intestine and liver/pancreas. Dietary garlic induced a higher pepsin activity in the stomach than lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ginger. Conversely, dietary ginger and LPS showed a significant difference (P > 0.05) in acid protease activity compared to the controls. There was not any significant difference observed between treated groups and the controls for hepato‐pancreas proteolytic enzyme activity, except for trypsin. AP activity increased significantly with dietary garlic, ginger and LPS compared to the controls. 相似文献