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微卫星分离模式显示雄性三倍体鲫产生非整倍体精子 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
三倍体鲫(Carassius auratus)行天然雌核发育,其自然种群中却有较高比例的雄性个体,这些雄性个体的性腺发育正常,能产生有活力的精子。而且其精子的DNA含量约为体细胞的一半,显示三倍体鲫精子发生过程中可能经历了均等的减数分裂。流式细胞术虽然能够较准确地测定细胞群的平均DNA含量,但是却很难检测到单个精子中的个别染色体增减,要明确回答雄性三倍体鲫产生的精子是否为整倍体需要定量地检测单个精子的遗传组成。本研究用微卫星标记检测以雌性鲤(Cyprinus carpio)与雄性三倍体鲫为亲本构建的杂种家系的基因型,结果发现母本鲤的多态位点在子代中呈孟德尔分离,父本三倍体鲫具有三套鲫基因组,其等位基因在子代中呈随机分离。上述研究结果提示:三倍体鲫起源于二倍体鲫的同源加倍,而非二倍体鲫和鲤的种间杂交;三倍体鲫通过染色体的随机分离产生非整倍体的精子,其精子发生过程中没有均等的减数分裂。三倍体鲫行雌核发育生殖,却可能并非起源于种间杂交且群体中的雄性个体可育,因而是单性生殖鱼类中的一个特例。 相似文献
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为研究雌核发育二倍体鲫鲤产生二倍体卵子的分子机制,实验采用PCR和cDNA末端快速分离法,克隆获得了雌核发育二倍体鲫鲤第三代(G3)、二倍体红鲫、三倍体湘云鲫和四倍体鲫鲤的细胞周期相关基因——cdc2基因cDNA全序列.结果显示,4种不同倍性鱼cdc2基因均编码含有302个氨基酸蛋白,而且编码的蛋白都含有与其他CDK激酶相当保守的序列PSTAVRE;同源性分析发现,4种鱼cdc2基因编码的氨基酸序列之间的相似度大于97.6％,说明Cdc2蛋白在这4种不同倍性鱼中具有高度保守性.采用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)对cdc2基因在G3、二倍体红鲫、三倍体湘云鲫及四倍体鲫鲤早期卵巢中的表达进行分析,结果发现,G3cdc2基因比普通二倍体红鲫和三倍体湘云鲫表达要高,比四倍体鲫鲤的表达水平低.该研究从分子水平证明了G3早期性腺中存在着大量的多倍体卵原细胞.同时,研究表明,cdc2基因在雌核发育二倍体鲫鲤早期卵巢的高表达暗示着G3多次进入S期却不经历M期导致二倍体配子的产生. 相似文献
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为了探寻不同倍性鱼生殖育性的表观遗传调控规律,实验基于不同倍性鲫鲤精巢的转录本信息库设计引物克隆了不同倍性鲫鲤的MeCP2基因。序列比对结果发现,在远缘杂交的过程中基因组发生了遗传重组和变异。基于序列公共部分设计引物,通过半定量PCR和实时定量PCR的方法分析了MeCP2基因在不同倍性鱼发育过程中的时空表达特征。结果还发现,MeCP2基因在所有组织中都有表达,但在脑组织中的表达量最高;纵向对比性腺的发育过程,MeCP2基因的表达量会随着性腺发育成熟而下降;横向对比不同倍性鱼的性腺发育,MeCP2基因在三倍体鱼卵巢中的表达量明显高于二倍体和四倍体鱼,但在精巢中的表达量随鱼的倍性增加而增加。研究表明,MeCP2基因的表达与不同倍性鱼的卵巢发育密切相关,这为研究鱼类生殖不育的分子机理及其在水产育种上的应用奠定了坚实的基础。 相似文献
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Jinhui Liu Yongqin Zhang Yurong Luo Han Zhao Wenbin Liu Yamei Xiao 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2020,51(1):287-298
Red carp and red crucian carp are ornamental fish with a red body color. Unlike in red crucian carp, no melanophores are observed in red carp embryos or larvae. To explore the roles of the mitfa gene in body color formation in red carp, we investigated the structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of the mitfa gene in 16 kinds of fish. The mitfa amino acid sequence similarity between red carp and red crucian carp was 95.6%, and this was 91.5% similar between carp and zebrafish. Compared with red crucian carp, red carp showed lower tyrp1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression but similar mitfa mRNA expression in the body pigment stage of the embryo. Moreover, mitfa+ cells as well as melanocytes could be observed in cultured embryo cells derived from red carp and red crucian carp. Our data show that the absence of melanophores in red carp is not the result of mitfa gene deletion or mutation, increasing our understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms of coloration in cyprinid fish. 相似文献
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同水体银鲫与普通鲫遗传多样性比较研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过2003年、2004年连续两年采样,用20对具有稳定扩增的银鲫微卫星引物对样品进行扩增,结果如下：2003年样品三倍体银鲫与二倍体鲫的平均杂合度分别为0．5885、0．6066；2004年样品两者的平均杂合度为0．5946、0．6091。2003年样品三倍体银鲫与二倍体鲫的遗传相似性系数为0．6331,两者的遗传距离为0．3669；2004年样品两者的遗传相似性系数为0．6173,遗传距离为0．3827。两年测定的结果显示三倍体银鲫的杂合度略低于二倍体鲫,两者的遗传距离较近,在所扩增的大部分微卫星位点上基因型相同或相似,其差异为种内差异,三倍体银鲫是鲫的一个特殊种群,在进化上,三倍体银鲫可能是从鲫分化而来的,是其在特殊的环境下的一种适应。 相似文献
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Seiko Nonaka Tomonori Somamoto Yoko Kato-Unoki Mitsuru Ototake Teruyuki Nakanishi Miki Nakao 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(2):341-346
ABSTRACT: The clonal triploid ginbuna crucian carp Carassius auratus langsdorfii , a naturally occurring gynogenetic fish, is a useful model for studying T-cell-mediated immunity. CD4, a T-cell receptor (TCR) coreceptor, is a membrane-bound glycoprotein found on helper T-cells, and assists in the binding of major histocompatibility complexes. In the present study, full-length cDNAs encoding the CD4 molecule from the S3n strain of ginbuna crucian carp were cloned and characterized. 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and 3'-RACE yielded two distinct cDNA clones of CD4 homolog from the ginbuna, and these sequences share 95% identity at the amino acid level. These ginbuna CD4 molecules consisted of a signal peptide, immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSf) like domains, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain similar to other known CD4. A tyrosine protein kinase p56lck binding motif is conserved in the cytoplasmic tail of ginbuna CD4. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that ginbuna CD4 sequences are closely related to CD4L-1 from other fish species. Expression of ginbuna CD4 mRNA was detected in the gill, thymus, head kidney, trunk kidney and peripheral blood leukocytes, indicating that its expression pattern is similar to that of ginbuna TCRβ mRNA. The results suggest that ginbuna CD4 sequences are useful as molecular probes for helper T-cells. 相似文献
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对雌核发育彭泽鲫(Carassius auratus var.Pengze,Pengze crucian carp,Pcc)中的Pcc-hira进行了克隆,序列分析,并对雌鱼9种组织和11个发育阶段中的表达进行了研究。结果显示,Pcc-hira CDS全长3028 bp,编码1009个氨基酸残基,具有7个典型WD40结构域,Pcc-HIRA与鲫HIRA具有99%的同源性,跟其他鲫属鱼具有较高的亲缘关系。Pcc-hira分别在孵化后36和44 d达到最高值和最低值,且在雌鱼脑中的含量极显著高于其他8种组织。 相似文献
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为探索脑型芳香化酶基因(cyp19a1b)在雌核发育三倍体鱼淇河鲫性别决定与分化过程中的作用,利用RACE方法克隆淇河鲫cyp19a1b基因cDNA全长序列,采用Real-time PCR分析其在不同组织、胚胎及胚后不同发育时期的表达情况,同时检测芳香化酶抑制剂Letrozole诱导性逆转及腹腔注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)后cyp19a1b在脑中的表达情况。结果显示,淇河鲫cyp19a1b cDNA全长2 984 bp(GenBank ID:MF926270),包含132 bp5′非编码区,1 319 bp 3′非编码区,1 533 bp开放读码框,编码510个氨基酸残基;氨基酸序列比对及系统进化分析结果显示,淇河鲫Cyp19a1b与其他鲤科鱼类同源性较高,与哺乳类、爬行类等脊椎动物同源性较低,这与其分类地位一致;组织分布检测结果显示,cyp19a1b基因在淇河鲫脑中表达量最高,在卵巢等其他组织中表达量较低;Realtime PCR结果表明,在胚胎发育过程中cyp19a1b在外源精子刺激后从囊胚期开始上调,神经胚期达到最高,随后降低;出膜后随着发育的进行,该基因在脑中表达量逐步上调,在躯体中一直维持在较低水平;除此之外,伴随着Letrozole诱导的性逆转,cyp19a1b在脑中表达量降低;腹腔注射hCG可以促进cyp19a1b在脑中表达。研究表明,淇河鲫cyp19a1b基因可能通过参与神经系统的形成及神经内分泌活动,在性别决定与分化过程中起到一定的作用。 相似文献
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Ali Serhan Tarkan Gordon H. Copp Grzegorz Zięba Michael J. Godard Julien Cucherousset 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2009,19(7):797-805
- 1. The crucian carp Carassius carassius is a species of cyprinid fish native to south‐east England, but few studies exist on its growth and reproduction in England, and the species is threatened by introductions of its Asiatic congener, goldfish Carassius auratus. To increase knowledge of the crucian carp as a means of aiding its conservation, the present study assesses the growth (back‐calculated length at age, body condition) and reproduction (fecundity, egg size, length and age at maturity) of crucian carp in small ponds of Epping Forest (north‐east London, England).
- 2. Evaluation of growth and reproduction data with published data for populations from northern Europe (i.e. latitude ?50°) suggest that growth is very variable, even within the same area, and that data on reproductive indices, in particular length and age at maturity, are scarce. In England, the length at age trajectory of crucian carp living in sympatry with feral goldfish Carassius auratus did not differ significantly from allopatric crucian carp populations, but crucian carp body condition and relative fecundity (eggs per body weight) were highest, and mean age and standard length at maturity were lowest in sympatry with goldfish.
- 3. These data suggest that somatic growth and reproductive output may be maximized in crucian carp when confronted by coexistence with feral goldfish. However, the potential impact of goldfish introductions on crucian carp growth and reproduction requires further study, involving a much larger number of crucian carp populations, both in allopatry and sympatry with feral goldfish populations.
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J. Jiang L. Feng Y. Liu W.‐D. Jiang K. Hu S.‐H. Li X.‐Q. Zhou 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2014,20(6):731-740
Glutaminase (GLS) is the key enzyme of glutamine (Gln) metabolism and utilization. In this study, a cDNA encoding GLS protein was identified from common carp Cyprinus carpio intestine. The open reading frame of GLS cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 595 amino acids, which shows a high similarity with its zebrafish Danio rerio counterpart. Bioinformatic analysis showed the protein belongs to kidney‐type GLS. The putative protein has glutaminase domain and ankyrin repeats domain, which are highly conserved among vertebrate orthologues. Real‐time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the abundance of GLS mRNA was the highest in the white muscle, followed by the brain, eyeball and pituitary. Glutaminase was ubiquitously expressed in all intestinal segments of common carp. The activity of GLS did not distribute uniformly along the entire length of the intestine. In primary culture enterocyte, and the expression of GLS mRNA is up‐regulated quickly and effectively by Gln. 相似文献
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Transgenic common carp,Cyprinus carpio, produced by the microinjection of fertilized eggs with a linearized chimeric plasmid pMThGH, a human growth hormone (hGH)
gene with a mouse metallothionein-1 (MT) gene promoter in pBR322, were used to produce F1 and F2 transgenics. Following hypophysectomy of the transgenic F2 common carp, non-transgenic common carp and non-transgenic crucian carp, growth was monitored for up to 110 days. In addition,
recombinant hGH was injected subcutaenously into a group of the non-transgenic crucian carp. Growth rate analyses indicated
that (1) hypophysectomy of non-transgenic common carp and crucian carp results in the cessation of growth, (2) hGH administration
can stimulate the growth of hypophysectomized crucian carp and (3) hypophysectomized hGH-transgenic common carp continue to
grow in the absence of their own growth hormone, suggesting that the hGH-transgene is being expressed in tissues other than
the pituitary. 相似文献
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S M Bergmann J Sadowski M Kiełpiński M Bartłomiejczyk D Fichtner R Riebe M Lenk J Kempter 《Journal of fish diseases》2010,33(3):267-272
Hybrids of koi, Cyprinus carpio × crucian carp, Carassius carassius and koi × goldfish, Carassius auratus, proved to be susceptible to koi herpesvirus (KHV, syn. CyHV‐3) and developed KHV disease (KHVD). While hybrids of koi × goldfish were partly resistant to mortality following infection by immersion, most koi × crucian carp hybrids died after bath infection. KHV DNA was detected in dead fish but also in all surviving animals by different polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). According to these results, hybrid crossbreeding does not seem to prevent severe losses associated with KHV in terms of inducing KHVD. The present study showed severe losses after a waterborne KHV infection of between 35% and 100% in koi × goldfish and koi × crucian carp hybrids as well as in SPF carp. 相似文献
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Daniel Żarski Katarzyna Targońska Sławomir Krejszeff Maciej Kwiatkowski Krzysztof Kupren Dariusz Kucharczyk 《Aquaculture International》2011,19(6):1105-1117
Two experiments were conducted into the rearing of crucian carp larvae under controlled conditions in an experimental closed
water system. In both cases, the rearing lasted 21 days. The first experiment concerned the initial stocking density (from
50 to 600 individuals per l), whilst the second one studied the first food offered (two types of Artemia nauplii, decapsulated Artemia cysts and three types of commercial feeds) which were applied at the moment of exogenous feeding commencement. The best results
were obtained using 50 larvae per l, whilst there were no significant differences within the range 200–600 larvae per l. The
application of dry feed had a negative influence on the survival and other parameters. The highest survival rate was found
in the groups fed with freshly hatched Artemia naupli. The results obtained indicate that the rearing of crucian carp larvae may be successfully conducted in very high
stocking densities. However, the very high sensitivity of crucian carp larvae to the type of food offered during the initial
days of life should be taken into account. The data presented in this article could be very useful in crucian carp larviculture. 相似文献
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- The contribution of nearly three decades of research, much of it published in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems (AQC), to the conservation of the crucian carp Carassius carassius in the East of England, including work coordinated by the Norfolk Crucian Project, is summarized.
- Although recent genetic studies indicate that this species was probably introduced to England about the same time as common carp Cyprinus carpio, the crucian carp is considered a cultural heritage species worthy of conservation in eastern England.
- This research covers the environmental biology of the species in the East of England, documentation of the species' decline in the county of Norfolk, and the pond management practices implemented in Norfolk to rehabilitate existing and fully terrestrialized pond habitat specifically for crucian carp conservation.
- The AQC papers that contributed to this line of research showed that England offers a particularly favourable environment for crucian carp growth and reproduction. These AQC articles provided the evidence base to complement crucian carp conservation initiatives in the London area (mainly the counties of Essex and Hertfordshire), as well as forming the basis for the designation of crucian carp as a Biodiversity Action Priority species in the county of Norfolk.
- The broader impact of the work in the East of England was to inspire the recently‐formed English National Crucian Conservation Project, which aims to promote the conservation of crucian carp and its habitat, and to encourage the development of well‐managed crucian fisheries.
- These evidence‐based conservation initiatives, perhaps the first throughout Europe, have witnessed a reversal of the species' fortunes in England, which is effectively an ideal geographical region in which to promote the conservation of this species within a wider, European context.