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采用凝胶柱层析法,对小体鲟(Acipenser ruthenusLinnaeus)卵黄蛋白粗提液进行分离纯化。小体鲟卵黄蛋白粗提液的质量浓度为25.04 mg/mL,经Sephadex G-200层析后出现3个蛋白峰。用聚丙烯凝胶电泳、免疫印迹(Western-blotting)和免疫扩散等方法研究表明,小体鲟卵黄蛋白由分子量分别为132.1 kD、97.4 kD、85.9 kD、67.0 kD、59.2 kD、47.6 kD、30 kD、14.3 kD和12.8 kD的9个亚基组成;层析后峰B蛋白为卵黄雌性特异蛋白(yolk female specific protein,YFSP),是一种糖脂磷蛋白,具有雌性特异性和组织特异性,抗体具有种属特异性。Western-blotting结果表明,卵黄雌性特异蛋白(YFSP)与血清雌性蛋白(FSSP)免疫印迹图谱上都显示分子量为97.4 kD和30 kD的2条杂交带,可见两种蛋白在免疫原性上具有相似性,可以用卵黄雌性蛋白抗血清代替卵黄蛋白原抗血清对卵黄蛋白原进行检测 相似文献
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鲟鱼养殖中的疾病防治研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鲟形目鱼类由地球上最古老、最原始的辐鳍鱼类演化而来.全世界现存鲟类28种,按其生活习性分为淡水、咸淡水和海水三种类型.我国的鲟类有2科3属8种,长江水系的有中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)、白鲟(Psephurus gladius)和达氏鲟(A.dabryanus);黑龙江水系的有史氏鲟(A.schrencki)和达氏鳇(Huso dauricus);新疆地区有裸腹鲟(A.nudiventris)、小体鲟(A.ruthenus)和西伯利亚鲟(A.baeri). 相似文献
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为了进一步摸索鲟鱼的生物学特性以及在亚热带地区养殖的生长情况和养殖技术,以便形成规模养殖,开展水生野生动物救护及增养殖,本单位引进了匙吻鲟(Polyodon spathula)、杂交鲟(欧洲鳇Huso huso Linnaeus×小体鲟Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus)和史氏鲟(Acipenser Schrencki),在吉首市河溪水库进行3种鲟的网箱养殖,并对3种鲟鱼进行了生长对比分析。现将结果报道如下。 相似文献
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俄罗斯鲟鱼卵与西伯利亚鲟鱼卵的营养成分比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用生化方法分析了俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedti)和西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baerii)鱼卵的营养成分,并对两者的营养品质进行了比较。结果表明:这两种鱼卵的水分含量平均值为62.83%～64.88%,粗蛋白平均含量为20.38%～20.77%,粗脂平均含量为10.41%～13.58%。统计分析表明,俄罗斯鲟鱼卵的粗脂肪含量显著低于西伯利亚鲟鱼卵,而粗蛋白、水分和灰分含量略高于西伯利亚鲟鱼卵。俄罗斯鲟鱼卵和西伯利亚鲟鱼卵的氨基酸组成一致,均含有17种氨基酸,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)分别为50.66和44.43。两种鲟鱼卵的脂肪酸中,均以C16∶0、C18∶2n6c和DHA为主要脂肪酸,三者总的质量分数达50%左右;而二十碳五烯酸(EPA)与二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的总量俄罗斯鲟鱼卵高于西伯利亚鲟鱼卵,在两种鱼卵中含量分别为19.47%和16.83%。分析结果表明,两种鲟鱼卵均含有丰富的各种营养成分,但从粗蛋白、必需氨基酸(EAA)、DHA和n3PUFA含量来看,俄罗斯鲟鱼卵的营养价值优于西伯利亚鲟鱼卵。 相似文献
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<正>鲟鱼是一类有重要经济价值的大型亚冷水性鱼类,是目前地球上最古老和最原始的鱼类之一,距今已有两亿多年的历史,被称为"水中活化石"。全世界现存鲟鱼共27种,全部隶属于硬骨鱼纲、辐鳍亚纲、软骨硬鳞鱼总目的鲟形目。其中鲟科(Acipenseridae)有鳇属(Huso)2种、鲟属(Acipenser)18种、铲鲟属(Scaphirhynchus)2种、拟铲鲟属(Pseudoscaphirhynchus)3 相似文献
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K. Nomoto H. Omiya T. Sugimoto K. Akiba K. Edo S. Higashi 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2010,19(1):116-126
Nomoto K, Omiya H, Sugimoto T, Akiba K, Edo K, Higashi S. Potential negative impacts of introduced rainbow trout on endangered Sakhalin taimen through redd disturbance in an agricultural stream, eastern Hokkaido.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 116–126. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S
Abstract – Sakhalin taimen ( Hucho perryi ) populations have decreased in Hokkaido, northernmost Japan, primarily because of overexploitation and habitat degradation. Here we document another threat to this species, that of spawning redd superimposition by artificially introduced rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). Sakhalin taimen and rainbow trout are the only spring-spawning salmonid species in Hokkaido. In 2006–2008, spawning activities of both these species were observed in a Hokkaido stream, and it was determined that their spawning periods overlapped during mid-late April. They also spawned at similar water velocities, depths and substrate compositions. Although female Sakhalin taimen were larger than female rainbow trout, their egg burial depths were nearly identical. During the observation period, rainbow trout redds were approximately five times more abundant than Sakhalin taimen redds, and about 30% of the observed Sakhalin taimen redds were superimposed by rainbow trout redds. The high degree of spatial and temporal overlap in spawning, the similar egg burial depths of both species, and the high proportion of superimposed redds suggest that the introduced rainbow trout impact the endangered Sakhalin taimen in Hokkaido, and possibly, in other areas where the two species occur together. 相似文献
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 116–126. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S
Abstract – Sakhalin taimen ( Hucho perryi ) populations have decreased in Hokkaido, northernmost Japan, primarily because of overexploitation and habitat degradation. Here we document another threat to this species, that of spawning redd superimposition by artificially introduced rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). Sakhalin taimen and rainbow trout are the only spring-spawning salmonid species in Hokkaido. In 2006–2008, spawning activities of both these species were observed in a Hokkaido stream, and it was determined that their spawning periods overlapped during mid-late April. They also spawned at similar water velocities, depths and substrate compositions. Although female Sakhalin taimen were larger than female rainbow trout, their egg burial depths were nearly identical. During the observation period, rainbow trout redds were approximately five times more abundant than Sakhalin taimen redds, and about 30% of the observed Sakhalin taimen redds were superimposed by rainbow trout redds. The high degree of spatial and temporal overlap in spawning, the similar egg burial depths of both species, and the high proportion of superimposed redds suggest that the introduced rainbow trout impact the endangered Sakhalin taimen in Hokkaido, and possibly, in other areas where the two species occur together. 相似文献
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采用RT-PCR技术从哲罗鱼主要免疫器官脾脏总RNA中获得免疫球蛋白（immunoglobulin, Ig）轻链可变区cDNA克隆,随机挑取51个阳性克隆菌落进行测序,得到46条完整的不重复序列,用以确定哲罗鱼IgL的家族种类,为哲罗鱼病毒性疾病的疫苗研制提供理论依据。经过BLUST网络对比,结果显示：其与GenBank报导的虹鳟（序列号为X68517.1和X68519.1）序列的相似性均达90%以上,46条序列的核苷酸相同率分别为最低86.1%(P4与P43)至最高的99.8%(P21与P38)之间不等;经DNAstar 5.0 软件包MegAling中Jotun Hein方法对所得序列进行氨基酸同源性比较,得到两个不同的家族;通过可变性参数计算方法可知哲罗鱼IgL的可变性主要集中在CDRs区,可变性最高的区域为CDR3区;对可变区中CDR3序列进行分析后,得出哲罗鱼Ig轻链可变区的重排方式是Jκ基因片段位于Vκ基因片段的3′端的结论,这种重排方式增加了核苷酸不同的连接方式,使哲罗鱼抗体具有更多的可变性空间;对照其亲水性分布图可知：可变区的亲水性氨基酸主要分布于LP前端,FR1末端,完整的FR2,FR3两端,以及CDR1,CDR2和CDR3前端。 相似文献
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M. FURNÉ M. GARCÍA-GALLEGO M.C. HIDALGO A.E. MORALES A. DOMEZAIN J. DOMEZAIN & A. SANZ 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2009,15(6):587-595
This work analyses the changes in the redox balance in two fish species: Adriatic sturgeon ( Acipenser naccarii ) and rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) during starvation and refeeding period. The starvation period raised the lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric-acid-reacting substances) levels in liver and blood, while a decline occurred in the antioxidant enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) in both fish species. In liver, after the refeeding period, SOD activity recovered in both species, whereas CAT activity recovered only in trout. Furthermore, in both tissues of the two species, the lipid peroxidation levels remained high after 2 months of refeeding. In white muscle and heart, the lipid peroxidation levels indicate that these tissues did not undergo oxidative stress during the 72-day period. During starvation, in the muscle of both fish the fall in the lipid peroxidation level coincided with a rise in CAT, GPX and GR. The refeeding period in this tissue raised the lipid peroxidation level, and the enzymatic activities reached the values of the first point of starvation. In heart, no oxidative damage was detected during starvation in either species. The CAT and SOD activities increased during the starvation period only in trout. 相似文献
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十三种淡水养殖鱼类的DNA含量 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
通过流式细胞仪测定了青鱼等十三种我国主要淡水养殖鱼类外周血红铁ＤＮＡ含量。其中青鱼、草鱼、鲢和鳙的ＤＮＡ含量比较接近，其２Ｃ值 ２．２０、２．１８、２．１８、２．１５ｐｇ，四种鱼相比较，差异不显著。 相似文献
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虹鳟、棕鳟均为优质水产养殖品种,亚东鲑为棕鳟的同物异名,是19世纪西藏由欧洲引进。为探索杂种优势,对亚东鲑和虹鳟进行杂交试验,对其子一代幼鱼与虹鳟、棕鳟进行了体长和体质量测定。采用ITS1基因分析其遗传关系,并与巴基斯坦引进的棕鳟对比研究。结果发现F_1代体长、体质量增长快于虹鳟、棕鳟,其遗传多样性高于亚东鲑和虹鳟,略低于棕鳟,表明F1代具有一定杂种优势。此外,棕鳟较高的遗传多样性也反映出从巴基斯坦引进的发眼卵遗传背景较好,具有进一步养殖选育的潜力。 相似文献
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一种保存鱼类鳍条的便捷方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鳍条是研究鱼类分子生物学常用的组织样本,长期保存的鳍条为实验提供源源不断的基因组DNA。本研究介绍一种便捷保存鱼类鳍条用于DNA提取的方法---干燥法,并说明了用此方法保存鲤（Cyprinus carpio）、施氏鲟（Acipenser schrenckii）和虹鳟（Onchorynchus mykiss）鳍条效果。采集新鲜鳍条,贴在滤纸等吸水性强的纸张上,覆盖另一张滤纸,防止受潮、霉变,自然干燥后在室温保存3个月。剪取部分鳍条样本,用常规酚、氯仿抽提法提取基因组DNA,分别用紫外分光光度计、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、PCR扩增方法检测基因组DNA的质量。结果显示：用干燥法保存的3种鱼类的鳍条样品,提取获得的基因组DNA的OD260/OD280值在1.82-1.89之间, OD260/OD230值在2.29-2.70之间,琼脂糖凝胶电泳条带清晰明亮,可以用于后续的分子生物学研究。本研究证实用干燥法长期保存鱼类鳍条能够获得高质量的基因组DNA,为珍贵样品的长期保存提供了一种行之有效的方法,也为远距离、大样品的采集和保存提供了便捷的选择。 相似文献
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采用主成分分析方法评价泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus、黄鳝Monopterus albus、鲫Carassius auratus、鲤Cyprinus carpio、乌鳢Channa argus、黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,和虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss等7种常见食用鱼的食用品质价值,对其17种氨基酸进行综合评价。通过建立鱼类食用品质评价模型,构造综合评价函数计算综合得分并排序,来反映该种鱼类的食用品质。结果显示:虹鳟综合得分最高,其次是鲫,而黄颡鱼排在最末。通过主成分分析模型建立可量化的评价指标和新的评价方法,为鱼类营养价值评价提供更为准确、客观的方法。 相似文献
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荧光染色法检测虹鳟精子质量 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本实验运用三种荧光染色方法对虹鳟精子的质量进行检测,并探讨荧光染色对虹鳟精子质量评价的可性及意义。在生殖季节采集虹鳟精液,分别进行Hoechst33342/碘化丙啶双染,吖啶橙染色及罗丹明123/碘化丙啶双染,然后将其制成涂片荧光显微镜下观察。经荧光染色的虹鳟精子质膜完整,DNA完整,可明显分辨出活体和死亡精子,线粒体膜功能正常精子的比率分别为90.7%、98.7%和96.4%。综上所述,结合三种检测方法可以简便快速地测定虹鳟精子的质量。 相似文献
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Abstract. Two studies were conducted to determine the effects of rearing Snake River cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki Richardson, and Eagle Lake rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Richardson, in oxygen supersaturated water. The performance of cutthroat trout held at oxygen saturation as high as 172% was compared with that of control fish held in water at or below saturation. At an oxygen saturation level of 172%, total gas pressure reached 117% in late afternoon, and nitrogen saturation was reduced to 93%. The rainbow trout were held at a maximum of 150% oxygen saturation; total gas pressure did not exceed 112% in late afternoon and nitrogen saturation was reduced to 99%. Fish growth, fin quality and feed conversions were not significantly affected in either species. At the termination of the study gas bubble disease was observed in 94% of the cutthroat trout held in oxygen supersaturated water. Gas bubble disease was not observed in rainbow trout. 相似文献
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雄性三倍体虹鳟(Oncorhyncus mykiss)可以发育至生理成熟并表现出较强的雄性副性征,性腺发育基本正常;雌性三倍体虹鳟性腺几乎不发育,并且存在着类雄性化的发育趋势.本研究拟通过对虹鳟杂交胚胎(2n♀×3n♂)发育状况及其DNA倍性的分析,进而确认三倍体虹鳟是否具有与二倍体虹鳟类似的生育能力并分析其原因.选取经两个世代家系选育的虹鳟优良品系二倍体雌性虹鳟作为母本,以热休克方法人工诱导的优质雄性三倍体虹鳟为父本,常规人工采集精卵授精,获得三倍体雄性与二倍体雌性杂交胚胎,观察杂交胚胎的发育进程,通过流式细胞仪检测杂交胚胎的DNA含量,进而与二倍体雌雄交配获得的胚胎对照确定杂交胚胎的倍性.结果表明,杂交胚胎的受精率、发眼率和孵化率均显著地低于对照组,杂交胚胎多数在发眼期之前死亡,破膜的胚胎在仔鱼期上浮前全部死亡.杂交胚胎的DNA含量分布范围较大,大致可以分为两个水平,接近84％的胚胎的DNA含量介于二倍体与三倍体之间,约为对照组DNA含量的2.5倍;约有16％的胚胎的DNA含量在三倍体和四倍体之间.本研究认为,染色体非整倍体化可能会引起杂交胚胎细胞核质不相容,进而导致基因表达调控紊乱,从而使杂交胚胎不能正常发育,无法完成由母体卵黄供给的内源营养向外源营养的转换,成为导致杂交胚胎发育过程中大量死亡,以及杂交仔鱼在破膜之后开始进食之前全部死亡的一个重要原因. 相似文献