共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
盐度对条石鲷幼鱼Na+/K+-ATP酶活力的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
研究了盐度变化对条石鲷幼鱼鳃、肾脏和肝脏中Na+/K+-ATP酶活力的影响。经不同盐度(8、18、28、38、48)的处理,条石鲷幼鱼3种组织Na+/K+-ATP酶活力均受到不同程度的影响。经低盐度(8和18)处理的幼鱼鳃Na+/K+-ATP酶活力在前6 h略微增加,然后逐渐降低,在处理24 h时下降到最低,之后又开始增加。经高盐度(38和48)处理时,鳃中Na+/K+-ATP酶活力在前6 h有所降低,然后迅速升高,并在处理24 h时达到最大,之后酶活力逐渐降低,并在处理96 h后与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。所有盐度处理组幼鱼肾脏Na+/K+-ATP酶活力在处理开始6 h均稍有增加,而从处理6 h开始降低,在处理24 h下降到最低,此后酶活力又呈现增加的趋势。在盐度为8的处理组中,肝脏Na+/K+-ATP酶活力与肾脏中变化趋势相似,而其它3组则逐渐降低,在处理24 h时达到最低,之后又逐渐增加。结果表明,条石鲷幼鱼适盐范围广,具有较强的渗透压调节能力。3种组织的Na+/K+-ATP酶活力酶活性在盐度为18～38的范围内变化不明显,而在8和48的盐度下变化较大,最终酶活力均高于对照组。与肾脏相比,盐度变化对鳃和肝脏Na+/K+-ATP酶活力的影响较大。 相似文献
2.
为研究盐度对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼（）渗透调节与耗氧率的影响,设计实验一,将（162.5±12.1）g珍珠龙胆石斑鱼置于不同盐度（6、12、18、24、30）下养殖10 d,测定血清渗透压及Na+、Cl-、K+离子浓度。实验结果表明,随盐度的升高血清渗透压及Na+、Cl-、K+离子浓度也随着升高,各组[Na+]：[Cl-]比值无显著差异（>0.05）;经回归分析得到血清等渗点渗透压为365.95 mOsm/kg,所对应盐度为12.75。实验二,将（26.4±2.7）g幼鱼置于不同盐度（6、12、18、24、30）下养殖30 d,测定在开始暴露后0 h、3 h、24 h、72 h鳃Na+/K+-ATPase活性及表达和第30天耗氧率,结果表明鳃Na+/K+-ATPase活性随盐度的增大呈“U”形变化;鳃Na+/K+-ATPase α1基因表达量波动较大,在72 h后随盐度增大先降低后增加,变化趋势与酶活性一致;第30天耗氧率随盐度的增加先降低后增加又降低。综上所述,珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼10 d内能够完全适应6~30盐度急性变化,耗氧率除了受离子渗透调节的影响,还可能与其生活史阶段有关。 相似文献
3.
盐度驯化对史氏鲟鳃Na+/K+ ATP酶活力、血清渗透压及离子浓度的影响 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
对史氏鲟在盐度驯化过程中鳃Na+/K+ATP酶活力、血清渗透压及血清离子（Na+、K+、Cl-）浓度进行了检测和分析，探讨了史氏鲟驯化过程中血清渗透压调节机制。研究表明：史氏鲟在不同盐度（10、20、25）下经过驯化，鳃Na+/K+ATP酶活力显著高于对照组鳃Na+/K+ATP酶活力(P<0.05），其活力是对照组的2～2.5倍。驯化过程中，3种不同盐度阶段下鳃Na+/K+ATP酶活力首先表现为下降，随着驯化时间的延长，活力逐渐增加，最后下降并趋于平稳。血清渗透压也随盐度的增加而上升，盐度10时最高，达到(328.77±26.78) mmol·kg-1，此后逐渐下降并稳定在290 mmol·kg-1左右，略高于淡水中血清渗透压。不同盐度下，血清渗透压和鳃Na+/K+ATP酶活力的变化趋势相同。3种不同盐度下史氏鲟血清K+浓度平均值保持在3.00～3.30 mmol·L-1之间，与对照组相比无显著差异（P>0.05）。3种盐度下血清Na+和Cl-浓度变化趋势基本一致，随着盐度的增高而增高，盐度20时达到最高。盐度20以下血清Na+和Cl-含量没有显著差异（P>0.05）。史氏鲟血清渗透压调节可以分为3个阶段：一是应激反应阶段，主要表现为鳃Na+/K+ATP酶活力受到抑制，陡然下降；二是主动调节阶段，鳃Na+/K+ATP酶被重新激活，且活力逐渐上升；三是适应阶段，鳃Na+/K+ ATP酶趋于平稳。 相似文献
4.
为了探讨盐碱胁迫条件下鱼类渗透生理调节机制,以尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)为实验材料, PCR扩增得到了Na+/HCO3-共转运子(NBCe1)基因cDNA部分序列,比较了单盐(盐度10、盐度15)、单碱(1.5 g/L、3 g/L NaHCO3)、盐碱混合(盐度10,碱度1.5 g/L;盐度15,碱度3 g/L)胁迫后不同时间(0 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h)血清渗透压、离子浓度(Na+、K+、Cl-、Ca2+)以及鳃碳酸酐酶(CA)活性、CA与NBCe1基因mRNA表达变化。结果显示,不同胁迫条件下,血清渗透压、离子浓度、鳃组织CA酶活、CA与NBCe1基因mRNA表达变化均与胁迫强度呈正相关。随时间推移,血清渗透压、离子浓度呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,单盐、盐碱混合组血清渗透压值较单碱组高。单盐、单碱、盐碱混合组中, NBCe1基因mRNA在鳃中均呈略微上调,但不显著(P>0.05)。单碱组和盐碱混合组鳃CA活性较单盐组高,低盐碱胁迫(盐度10,碱度1.5 g/L)下CA活性较晚达最高值;不同胁迫条件下, CA基因mRNA表达均表现上调,单碱、盐碱混合组更为显著(P<0.05),推测CA较NBCe1对体内HCO3-转运作用更为显著。研究结果为尼罗罗非鱼盐碱适应生理调节提供了基础资料。 相似文献
5.
对中华绒螯蟹中肠和后肠肠壁分别进行分层铺片,应用乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)和NADPH-黄递酶组织化学染色方法分别观察中肠和后肠中AchE和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)阳性神经元的分布和形态,并对其相应递质乙酰胆碱(Ach)和一氧化氮(NO)的含量和Na+,K+-ATP酶活性进行测定。结果显示:①对所获得铺片进行形态学观察发现,中肠肌层较后肠薄,肌纤维较细,肌纤维间隔明显;肠道黏膜下层细胞分布密集,后肠黏膜下层细胞分布较中肠更为密集。②AchE和NOS阳性神经元广泛分布于中肠和后肠的黏膜下层,而肌层和基膜未见分布,两种神经元在后肠黏膜下层的分布均较中肠密集。AchE阳性产物为棕色沉淀,阳性神经元大小为3~10 μm,中肠中AchE形态多样,多为圆形、卵圆形或梭形;后肠胞体阳性神经元呈圆形或者椭圆形,无明显胞突。NOS阳性产物为蓝色沉淀,阳性胞体的大小不等,呈不同形态,少量细胞有胞突伸向邻近细胞,中肠阳性神经元多呈条状或点状分散分布,而后肠阳性神经元常呈块状分布。③中肠Ach和NO含量分别为(1.28±0.41)和(1.84±0.25)μg/mg prot,显著低于后肠Ach(1.62±0.27) μg/mg prot和NO(2.10±0.25) μg/mg prot,而Na+,K+-ATP活性在中肠为(1.12±0.17)μmol Pi/(mg prot·h),显著高于后肠的(0.62±0.18) μmol Pi/(mg prot·h)。研究表明,中华绒螯蟹肠道黏膜下层是AchE和NOS阳性神经元分布的部位,两种神经元递质含量和Na+,K+-ATP酶活性在中肠和后肠间存在显著差异。 相似文献
6.
为探讨青蛤(Cyclina sinensis Gmelin)耐低盐适应机制, 研究了低盐(盐度 8)和正常盐度(盐度 25)条件下青蛤 96 d 内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPH-Px)、Na+ /K+ -ATPase、Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase 酶活性、丙二醛含量和碳酸酐酶 mRNA 时序性表达变化。实验结果表明: (1) 低盐条件与正常盐度相比, 青蛤超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性总体呈现先上升后下降的趋势, 变化具有显著性差异(P＜0.05); Na+ /K+ -ATPase 活力在 96 d 内一直呈下降趋势, 在第 48 天下降至最小值, 显著低于初始酶活性值(P＜0.05); 实验开始后的第 6、12、24 天, Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase 酶活性较初始酶活性无显著性变化(P＞0.05), 第 48 天显著升高(P＜0.05); MDA 含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势, 第 12、48 和 96 天时显著高于初始酶活性(P＜0.05)。(2) 利用 RACE 技术克隆了青蛤碳酸酐酶基因(CsCA)的全长 cDNA 序列, 共 1672 bp, 包含 738 bp 开放阅读框, 编码 245 个氨基酸, 系统进化树结果表明青蛤与其他瓣鳃纲碳酸酐酶基因同源性高, 说明其进化保守。qRT-PCR 结果显示, 低盐条件下, 青蛤碳酸酐酶基因 mRNA 在第 24 天显著高于初始表达量(P＜0.05), 其他时间也高于初始值, 但差异不显著(P＞0.05)。 综上所述, 在适应低盐环境时, 青蛤鳃组织中抗氧化酶最先被激活并出现反应, 活力增强, 随着时间的增加, 抗氧化酶活性受抑制, 随后 ATP 酶活性升高; 碳酸酐酶基因在青蛤长期适应低盐环境中发挥重要作用。本研究结果为青蛤养殖产业可持续发展提供理论指导。 相似文献
7.
通过非靶向代谢组学方法对比分析暴露于 0.3 mg/L 三价砷(As3+)、0.3 mg/L 五价砷(As5+)环境中 96 h 的雌性成体三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)代谢物组成及含量的变化, 探究 As3+、As5+对三疣梭子蟹鳃组织毒性相关分子机制。结果发现, 经 0.3 mg/L As3+暴露共获得 100 个差异代谢产物, 主要富集于 ABC 转运体、花生四烯酸代谢、蛋白质消化吸收、氨基酸代谢及氨酰基-tRNA 的生物合成等代谢通路; 经 0.3 mg/L As5+暴露共获得 59 个差异代谢产物, 主要富集于 ABC 转运体、氨基酸代谢、氨酰基-tRNA 的生物合成、谷胱甘肽代谢等代谢通路。根据筛选出的差异代谢物的生理功能及其涉及的代谢通路分析, 探究 As3+、As5+对三疣梭子蟹鳃组织毒性作用的分子机制及三疣梭子蟹的响应调控机制, 为后期深入研究致毒机制提供理论依据。 相似文献
8.
盐度变化对斜带石斑鱼生理生化因子的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用生化分析方法研究了盐度变化(24、14、4及对照34)对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼(体重19.59?0.25g)相关生理生化因子的影响,在盐度处理后1 d、3 d、6 d和9 d取样并检测鳃丝Na /K -ATP酶、血清中血糖、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、溶菌酶,肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量及H.E染色观察鳃丝氯细胞的变化。结果显示：各盐度试验组斜带石斑鱼幼鱼的Na /K -ATP酶活性变化基本一致,均在第3 d达到最高值,随后下降,至第6 d达到稳定。鳃丝氯细胞数量在盐度24试验组中变化不大,在盐度14试验组中则略有减少,在盐度4试验组中鳃丝氯细胞6 d后出现变化,氯细胞数量减少,胞核较大,H.E染色较深,细胞处于较原始的状态。各盐度试验组斜带石斑鱼幼鱼的血糖水平变化趋势相一致,均在第6 d到达峰值,随后呈下降趋势。AST水平在盐度24、盐度4试验组随时间的延长呈上升趋势,在第9 d后到达各自的最高值,盐度14试验组则呈现持续下降趋势。SOD活性随时间的延长呈现先降低后上升的趋势,在第3 d时各试验组达最小值,但试验组间SOD活性差异显著 (P＜0.05)。溶菌酶活性随时间的延长呈上升趋势,试验组在第6 d达到的峰值,随后下降并趋于稳定,试验组间差异显著(P＜0.05)。结果表明,斜带石斑鱼幼鱼通过盐度驯养,由盐度34水体逐渐淡化至盐度为24、14、4的水体中,能较快适应盐度低至4的水环境。本研究为低盐度地区淡化养殖石斑鱼提供依据。 相似文献
9.
为探讨黄斑蓝子鱼(Siganus canaliculatus)长链多不饱和脂肪酸(long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids,LC-PUFA)合成代谢与渗透压调节的关系,本研究以鱼油(FO)和混合植物油(苏子油与双低菜籽油,VO)为脂肪源配制两种等氮等脂饲料,投喂饲养在3种盐度(10、20和32)下的黄斑蓝子鱼幼鱼8周后,分析了各处理组幼鱼的生长性能和鳃的磷脂脂肪酸组成、Na+/K+-ATPase(NKA)活力及其基因表达。结果显示,相同盐度下,VO组和FO组鱼的生长性能差异不显著(P0.05);FO组鱼鳃磷脂中的n-3 LC-PUFA含量显著高于VO组(P0.05),但VO组鱼的n-6 LC-PUFA水平显著高于FO组(P0.05);VO组鱼鳃的NKA酶活力及其m RNA表达量都显著高于FO组(P0.05)。不同盐度下,无论VO组还是FO组的鱼,盐度10组鱼的生长性能显著低于盐度20和32组(P0.05),而其鳃的LC-PUFA含量、NKA酶活力及其m RNA表达量都显著高于盐度20和32组(P0.05),各指标在后两个盐度组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,盐度10对黄斑蓝子鱼具有一定的胁迫性,导致其生长性能较差。摄食鱼油脂肪源饲料,可以提高鱼鳃磷脂的n-3 LC-PUFA水平;而摄食植物脂肪源饲料时,鱼体可能通过自身合成的n-6LC-PUFA调控鳃的NKA基因表达及其酶活力以调节渗透压。 相似文献
10.
盐碱胁迫对尼罗罗非鱼血清渗透压、离子浓度及离子转运酶基因表达的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为了解鱼类适应盐碱水环境的生理变化机理,将尼罗罗非鱼从淡水直接转入4个不同盐碱混合梯度组(A组:盐度10,碱度1 g/LNaHCO3;B组:盐度10,碱度2 g/LNaHCO3;C组:盐度15,碱度1 g/LNaHCO3;D组:盐度15,碱度2 g/LNaHCO3)中进行为期96 h的急性胁迫实验,分别检测胁迫后0、6、12、24、36、48、72和96 h时尼罗罗非鱼的血清渗透压、血清Na+、K+、Cl-浓度以及鳃中Na+-K+-ATP酶(NKA)和碳酸酐酶(CA)基因相对表达量的变化过程。结果显示,血清渗透压、离子浓度以及鳃中NKA基因和CA基因mRNA表达量变化程度均与其盐碱胁迫浓度间呈正相关,变化过程随着实验时间推移均呈现为先升、后降,最后趋于平稳。B、D组血清渗透压峰值出现在24 h,A、C组出现在36 h。血清Na+、K+、Cl-浓度均在24 h达到峰值。B、D组NKA基因mRNA表达峰值出现在24 h,A、C组出现在36 h;除A组外,其余各组CA基因mRNA表达峰值时间出现在24 h。研究表明,尼罗罗非鱼具有一定的盐碱适应能力,盐碱胁迫下NKA、CA是参与离子转运、渗透压调节的重要转运酶。 相似文献
11.
V. Ventrella A. Pagliarani M. Pirini G. Trigari F. Trombetti A. R. Borgatti 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,12(4):293-304
The response to cold of gill and kidney membrane lipid composition and microsomal (Na++K+)-ATPase, Na+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities in reared sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) was investigated. Fish acclimation was carried out according to the seasonal cycle from August to March. No cold-promoted
increase in fatty acid unsaturation was shown in gill and kidney polar lipids and in total lipids of mitochondria and microsomes.
In both tissues the (Na++K+)-ATPase exhibited positive compensation for cold acclimation whereas the Na+-ATPase displayed negative compensation. The Mg2+-ATPase showed no compensation in the gills and positive compensation in the kidneys. During cold acclimation the break in
the Arrhenius plot of the (Na++K+)-ATPase decreased, whereas breaks of both the Na+-ATPase and the Mg2+-ATPase activities remained unchanged. The results indicate that the sea bass does not adopt membrane unsaturation as a cold-facing
strategy. The cold-promoted enhancement of (Na++K+)-ATPase activity in osmoregulatory tissues may be advantageous to maintain efficient osmoregulation under thermodynamically
unfavourable conditions. 相似文献
12.
Stephen D. McCormick Christopher D. Moyes James S. Ballantyne 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,6(4):243-254
The effect of seawater acclimation and adaptation to various salinities on the energetics of gill and kidney of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was examined. Smolts and non-smolts previously reared in fresh water were exposed to a rapid increase in salinity to 30 ppt. Plasma osmolarity, [Na+], [Cl–], [K+] and [Mg++] increased in both groups but were significantly lower in smolts than non-smolts. Gill Na+, K+-ATPase specific activity, initially higher in smolts, increased in both groups after 18 days in seawater. Kidney Na+, K+-ATPase specific activity was not affected by salinity in either group. Gill and kidney citrate synthase specific activity was not affected by seawater exposure in smolts but decreased in non-smolts. In a second experiment, Atlantic salmon smolts reared in fresh water were acclimated to 0, 10 or 30 ppt seawater for 3 months at a temperature of 13–14°C. Gill Na+, K+-ATPase was positively correlated with salinity, displaying 2.5- and 5-fold higher specific activity at 10 and 30 ppt, respectively, than at 0 ppt. Kidney Na+, K+-ATPase specific activity was not significantly affected by environmental salinity. Citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase specific activities in gill were slightly (6–13%) lower at 10 ppt than at 0 and 30 ppt, whereas kidney activities were lowest at 30 ppt. Oxygen consumption of isolated gill filaments was significantly higher when incubated in isosmotic saline and at 30 ppt than at 0 ppt, but was not affected by the prior acclimation salinity. The results indicate that although high salinity induces increased gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity, it does not induce substantial increases in metabolic capacity of gill or kidney. 相似文献
13.
Steffen S. Madsen 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1990,8(4):271-279
The growth-independent effect of ovine growth hormone (oGH) and oGH + cortisol treatment on seawater (SW) adaptation in immature
rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri was investigated. Fish were injected every second day with saline, 2.0 μg oGH/g or 2.0 μg oGH + 8.0 μg cortisol/g for a maximum
of 8 injections in freshwater (FW). Subgroups were transferred to 28‰ SW after 4 or 8 injections, and changes in plasma Na+ and Cl−, muscle water content and gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity were measured. In both of the hormone-treated groups retained in FW, gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity and interlamellar chloride cell density increased. The effects were most pronounced in the oGH + cortisol
group after 2 weeks of treatment. After transfer to SW most of the control fish died due to the osmotic stress, whereas in
the hormone-treated groups, mortality was low and there was a positive correlation between pretransfer gill Na+/K+-ATPase and the ability to maintain ionic-osmotic homeostasis after SW transfer. After two weeks of oGH + cortisol treatment,
gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity was maximal. In contrast, after SW transfer, Na+/K+-ATPase activity increased further in the oGH-treated group. This group regulated ionic-osmotic parameters less effectively
than the oGH + cortisol-treated group. The data indicate that GH and cortisol are important hormones in the regulation of
hypoosmoregulatory mechanisms in S. gairdneri. 相似文献
14.
J. Mark Shrimpton Aurora M. C. Sentlinger John W. Heath Robert H. Devlin Daniel D. Heath 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(3):259-268
There is increasing evidence for complex dosage effects on gene expression, enzyme activity and phenotype resulting from induced
ploidy change. In this study, ocean-type chinook salmon were bred using a 2 × 2 factorial mating design to create four families
and test whether triploidization resulted in changes in growth performance and smolting. Eggs were pressure shocked after
fertilization to create triploid fish from a subset of each family. In June, fish were sampled for size, plasma insulin-like
growth factor 1 (IGF-1), gill Na+–K+-ATPase activity, and expression of two Na+–K+-ATPase α subunits in the gill. Diploids were significantly heavier than triploids, and there were significant differences
due to family. Despite a significant positive correlation between plasma IGF-1 and fish size, plasma IGF-1 did not differ
between diploid and triploid smolts. Diploids also had significantly greater gill Na+–K+-ATPase enzyme activities than triploids and there was a strong family effect. Gill Na+–K+-ATPase α1b isoform expression differed significantly by family, but not ploidy, and generally families with lower Na+–K+-ATPase enzyme activity had higher α1b isoform gene expression. Na+–K+-ATPase α1a isoform expression did not differ among any of the groups. Although diploids were larger and had higher specific
activities of Na+–K+-ATPase in the gills, there was no difference in gene expression or circulating hormone levels. The strong family effect,
however, suggests that strain selection may be useful in improving performance of triploids for aquaculture. 相似文献
15.
The capacity of cortisol, ovine growth hormone (oGH), recombinant bovine insulin-like growth factor I (rbIGF-I) and 3,3,5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) to increase hypoosmoregulatory capacity in the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus was examined. Fish acclimated to brackish water (BW, 10 ppt salinity) were injected with a single dose of hormone suspended in oil and transferred to seawater (SW, 35 ppt salinity) 10 days post-injection. Fish were sampled 24 h after transfer and plasma osmolality and gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity were examined. Transfer from BW to SW induced significantly increased plasma osmolality but not gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Cortisol (50 g g–1 body weight) improved the ability to maintain plasma osmolality and to increase gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity. oGH (5 g g–1 body weight) also increased hypoosmoregulatory ability and gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity. A cooperation between oGH and cortisol was observed in increasing hypoosmoregulatory ability but not in increasing gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity. rbIGF-I (0.5 g g–1 body weight) alone was without effect in increasing salinity tolerance or gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity. rbIGF-I and oGH showed a positive interaction in increasing salinity tolerance, but not gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Treatment with T3 (5 g g–1 body weight) alone did not increase salinity tolerance or gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity, and there was no consistent significant interaction between cortisol and T3 or between GH and T3. The results confirm the classical role of cortisol as a seawater-adapting hormone and indicate an interaction between cortisol and the GH/IGF-I axis during seawater acclimation of Fundulus heteroclitus. 相似文献
16.
The activity of the enzyme Na+,K+-ATPase and morphological changes of gill chloride cells in grouper, Epinephelus coioides larvae and juveniles were determined 6–48 h after abrupt transfer from ambient rearing conditions (30–32 ppt, 26.5–30 °C) to different salinity (8, 18, 32, 40 ppt) and temperature (25, 30 °C) combinations. Na+,K+-ATPase activity in day 20 larvae did not change at salinities 8–32 ppt. Activity decreased significantly (P <0.01) after exposure to 40 ppt at 25–30 °C, which was accompanied by an increase (P <0.05) in density and fractional area of chloride cells. Enzyme activity in 40 ppt did not reach a stable level and larvae failed to recover from an osmotic imbalance that produced a low survival at 25 °C and death of all larvae at 30 °C. Enzyme activity and chloride cell morphology in day 40 groupers did not change in 8–40 ppt at 25 °C and 8–32 ppt at 30 °C. A significant decrease and a subsequent increase in Na+,K+-ATPase activity in 40 ppt at 30 °C was associated with the increase in chloride cell density resulting in an increased fractional area but a decreased cell size. Enzyme activity and chloride cells of day 60 grouper were unaffected by abrupt transfer to test salinities and temperatures. These results demonstrate that grouper larvae and juveniles are efficient osmoregulators over a wide range of salinities. Salinity adaptation showed an ontogenetic shift as the larvae grew and reached the juvenile stage. This development of tolerance limits may reflect their response to actual conditions existing in the natural environment. 相似文献
17.
Xugang He Ping Zhuang Longzhen Zhang Congxin Xie 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2009,35(2):223-230
The osmoregulation capabilities of 7-month-old juvenile Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis Gray) (128.8 ± 15 g) transferred directly from fresh water (0‰, 46 mOsmol kg−1) to brackish water (10‰, 273 mOsmol kg−1) were studied over a 20-day period. Changes in serum osmolarity, chloride (Cl−), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) ion concentrations, as well as gill and spiral valve Na+,K+-ATPase activities were measured at 3, 12, 24, 72, 216 and 480 h after transfer to BW. The serum osmolarity and ion concentrations
(Na+, Cl− and Ca2+) increased immediately after the transference to BW, reaching maximum at 24 h and returned to a new steady state at 216 h,
while the FW control group maintained basal levels which showed lower (P < 0.05) than the BW group. Gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity of BW group exhibited an abrupt decrease in the first 3 h after transfer, but began to increase at 3 h, reaching
a peak value at 24 h, and returned to a new steady state at 216 h. The differences between gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity of BW and FW fish were significant (P < 0.05) after 12 h. In contrast, Na+,K+-ATPase activity of the spiral valve showed transient increase after transference from FW to BW, and then decreased rapidly
at 3 h, reaching the lowest at 24 h after transference. At 216 h after exposure to BW, Na+,K+-ATPase activities of the spiral valve increased slowly to the levels of FW control. The results of our study indicate the
existence of hyposmoregulatory adaptive mechanisms in 7-month-old juvenile Chinese sturgeon which enable this fish to acclimate
itself successfully to brackish water. 相似文献
18.
中国明对虾NHE3基因克隆及其在pH胁迫下的表达 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究钠/氢交换体(Na+/H+-exchanger,NHE)在中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)响应pH胁迫过程中发挥的作用,首先采用静水毒性实验方法确定了中国明对虾酸碱半致死pH,然后利用RACE技术克隆了中国明对虾Na+/H+-exchanger isoform 3(命名为FcNHE3)基因,并通过荧光定量PCR及RNA干扰技术分析了其在pH胁迫下的表达特征及功能。结果显示,72 h酸性半致死pH和碱性半致死pH分别为5.2和9.1。克隆获得FcNHE3基因(Gen Bank:MF373587)cDNA序列全长3508 bp,开放阅读框2805 bp,编码934个氨基酸,具有信号肽和12个跨膜结构域;蛋白同源分析发现,FcNHE3与青蟹(Carcinus maenas)同源性最高,达到74%;系统进化分析显示,FcNHE3与三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)和青蟹亲缘关系最近。荧光定量PCR分析表明,FcNHE3基因在鳃组织中表达量显著高于其他组织(P0.05);酸性半致死pH(pH 5.2)胁迫下,FcNHE3基因在整个胁迫过程中显著上调表达(P0.05);碱性半致死pH(pH 9.1)胁迫下,FcNHE3基因在前48 h显著下调表达(P0.05),12 h表达量最低,仅在72 h出现上调表达。RNA干扰后,FcNHE3基因表达受到抑制,pH 5.2胁迫下对虾存活率相比对照组显著下降。研究表明相较于高pH胁迫,FcNHE3基因在中国明对虾响应低pH胁迫过程中可能发挥更重要的调节作用。 相似文献