共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 937 毫秒
1.
葡萄霜霉病菌和马铃薯晚疫病菌对三种杀菌剂的抗药性风险研究 总被引：19，自引：3，他引：16
葡萄霜霉病菌经UV诱导4次得5个抗烯酰吗啉菌株,其适合度较原菌株B951差,竞争力较弱,该菌经药剂驯化7代对恶霜灵产生抗性,但未对烯酰吗啉及霜脲氰产生抗性,UV诱导4次对霜脲氰及恶霜灵均未产生抗性。相比之下,马铃薯晚疫病菌经UV诱导11次得7个抗恶霜灵菌株,其中菌株UO1适合度好于其原菌株,竞争力较强。马铃薯晚疫病菌经过药剂驯化3代对恶霜灵产生了抗性,但是经UV诱导8~11次和药剂驯化30代对烯酰吗啉和霜脲氰仍保持敏感。 相似文献
2.
为明确我国山西、山东、河北和云南省葡萄霜霉病菌对烯酰吗啉的抗性以及田间病菌群体的适合度,本研究采用Taqman-MGB技术检测了2020年-2021年采自上述4省份292株葡萄霜霉病菌对烯酰吗啉的抗性频率;采用叶盘法测定了田间抗性菌株与敏感菌株的适合度。结果表明,上述4个地区的平均烯酰吗啉抗性频率及抗性等位基因频率分别为64.0%和74.7%,其中山东省蓬莱区最高(91.2%和96.3%),河北省廊坊市(73.8%和85.0%)和云南省宾川县(75.0%和82.6%)次之,山西省清徐县(16.7%和34.7%)最低。适合度分析发现,田间抗性菌株的产孢能力明显高于敏感菌株,但二者的复合适合度指数无显著差异。上述结果表明,4省份霜霉病菌群体均对烯酰吗啉产生了不同程度的抗性,田间抗性菌株与敏感菌株相比无明显适合度变化。 相似文献
3.
为明确黄瓜霜霉病菌对烯酰吗啉及双炔酰菌胺的抗性时空动态及这两种药剂对黄瓜霜霉病的田间防效,采用叶盘漂浮法检测了2011~2016年采自河北省和山东省黄瓜主产区的霜霉病菌1 821个菌株对烯酰吗啉及双炔酰菌胺的敏感性,并采用茎叶喷雾法对这两种药剂的田间防效进行评估。结果表明:黄瓜霜霉病菌1 821个菌株对烯酰吗啉和双炔酰菌胺抗性频率分别为88.5%和34.3%,供试菌株中对烯酰吗啉的低抗菌株及对双炔酰菌胺的敏感菌株占优势,平均抗性倍数分别为8.92和2.44,抗性指数分别为0.42和0.27。黄瓜霜霉病菌对这两种药剂的抗性频率、抗性倍数及抗性指数随着监测年限及地域的不同而波动。在河北定兴和山东寿光日光温室进行的田间药效试验中,按照药剂田间推荐剂量喷施4次,50%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂和250 g·L-1双炔酰菌胺悬浮剂对黄瓜霜霉病表现出良好的防效(85%以上),与两地黄瓜霜霉病菌对烯酰吗啉产生低抗、对双炔酰菌胺敏感的监测结果一致。由此推断,50%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂和250 g·L-1双炔酰菌胺悬浮剂可在对甲霜灵(或精甲霜灵)、噁霜灵及嘧菌酯普遍产生抗性的地区,作为58%甲霜灵·代森锰锌WP、68%精甲霜灵·代森锰锌WG、64%噁霜灵·代森锰锌WP 和250 g·L-1嘧菌酯SC的替代药剂单独使用或与不同作用机理的杀菌剂混用,防治黄瓜霜霉病。 相似文献
4.
本文对葡萄霜霉菌对缬霉威的抗性风险评估进行了研究。采集尚未使用过缬霉威的105个葡萄霜霉菌株,建立其对缬霉威的敏感基线。葡萄霜霉菌对缬霉威的有效抑制中浓度EC50为0.04～0.60 μg·mL-1,其敏感性频率符合正态分布,表明这105株葡萄霜霉菌对缬霉威均表现敏感。取其中10株敏感菌的孢子囊经紫外线(UV)诱导,获得4个缬霉威抗性突变体,突变频率为6.8×10-7。将这10株葡萄霜霉菌孢子囊在叶片上进行缬霉威药剂驯化处理获得7个抗性突变体。11个抗性突变体的EC50值为4.37～14.11 μg·mL-1,抗性水平17.4～71.6。在未用药处理的健康葡萄叶片上继代培养10代后,这11个抗性突变体抗性水平保持在17.1～71.0。其中药剂驯化获得的7个抗性突变体和1个紫外诱导获得的抗性突变体的抗性水平均表现稳定遗传。但是,其余3个紫外诱导获得的抗性突变体抗性水平明显下降。与各亲本菌株进行比较,11个抗性突变体的潜育期、侵染率、病斑扩展速度和产孢能力都有显著不同。其中2个药剂驯化获得的抗性突变体和3个紫外诱导获得的抗性突变体表现潜育期变长,2个药剂驯化抗性突变体和1个紫外诱导抗性突变体表现侵染率下降。表明在一些情况下,葡萄霜霉菌抗性突变体的潜伏期和侵染率会发生改变。药剂驯化获得的抗性突变体产孢能力存在显著差异,但与抗性突变与否无关。缬霉威与嘧菌酯、甲霜灵、烯酰吗啉和霜脲氰之间无交互抗药性。推测:葡萄霜霉菌对缬霉威为中到高等抗性风险,今后应定期对葡萄霜霉菌对缬霉威的抗性发生动态进行监测。 相似文献
5.
采用离体叶盘法和活体植株法,测定了从田间分离获得的对氟吗啉具有抗药性的黄瓜霜霉病菌菌株和通过室内紫外线诱变获得的对氟吗啉及对照药剂烯酰吗啉和嘧菌酯产生抗药性的突变菌株的生存适合度。试验结果表明,室内诱导获得的氟吗啉和烯酰吗啉抗药性突变菌株的适合度明显低于敏感菌株和嘧菌酯抗药性突变体及田产氟吗啉抗药性菌株,主要表现在菌株的侵染率、产孢能力和致病力的减弱。室内获得的氟吗啉和烯酰吗啉抗药性突变体和敏感菌株混合接种、继代培养后,其抗药菌株的检出率在混合群体中逐渐降低,其中抗性突变体FR4和敏感菌株以2:8的比例混合接种、培养7代后,其无性后代中检测不到抗药性菌株的存在,表明室内氟吗啉抗药性突变体竞争力弱于敏感菌株;而田间氟吗啉抗药性菌株和室内嘧菌酯抗药性突变体则表现出和敏感菌株相似或更强的竞争力,预示田间自然情况下抗药性菌株存在着可能形成优势菌群而导致药剂防治失败的潜在风险。 相似文献
6.
马铃薯晚疫病菌对烯酰吗啉的敏感性基线及其室内抗药突变体的研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
2003-2004年在内蒙古和黑龙江省共分离获得100株马铃薯晚疫病菌,并测定了这些菌株对烯酰吗啉和甲霜灵的敏感性。结果表明,不同地区、不同年份的马铃薯晚疫病菌对烯酰吗啉的敏感性无显著差异,其敏感性呈连续的单峰曲线分布,EC50在0.0631-0.2206μg/mL之间,最不敏感菌株是最敏感菌株的3.1倍,平均为(0.1153±0.0308)μg/mL,未出现敏感性下降的抗药性亚群体,因此可作为马铃薯晚疫病菌对烯酰吗啉的敏感性基线;64%的供试菌株对甲霜灵的敏感性下降,甲霜灵与烯酰吗啉之间不存在交互抗药性。采用紫外线诱变菌丝的方法仅从3个菌株中的1个菌株获得了3%突变频率的抗烯酰吗啉突变体,抗性倍数为1.5-1.9,没有获得高抗药水平的突变体。这些突变体与氟吗啉之间具有正交互抗药性,而与霜脲氰或嘧菌酯之间无交互抗药性;与野生亲本菌株相比,抗药突变体的生长速率和产孢子囊能力显著下降,不利于抗药群体的发展。但由于马铃薯晚疫病菌被杀菌剂抗性行动委员会认为是高抗药性风险病原菌,建议生产上应将烯酰吗啉与其它无交互抗性的药剂交替使用或混合使用,以避免或延缓抗药性的产生。 相似文献
7.
8种杀菌剂防治葡萄霜霉病田间药效试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
比较了8种杀菌剂对葡萄霜霉病的防治效果。结果表明:烯酰吗啉.甲霜灵30%水分散粒剂600倍液、烯酰吗啉40%悬浮剂600倍液、甲霜.锰锌72%水分散粒剂400倍液、嘧菌酯25%悬浮剂1 500倍液以及氯化十二烷基苄基铵10%水剂1 000倍液对葡萄霜霉病的防治效果良好,显著优于传统药剂三乙膦酸铝80%水分散粒剂500倍液、代森锰锌80%可湿性粉剂800倍液、丙森锌70%可湿性粉剂400倍液。其中,烯酰吗啉.甲霜灵30%水分散粒剂600倍液效果尤佳。 相似文献
8.
辣椒疫霉对烯酰吗啉的敏感性基线及室内抗药突变体研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用菌丝生长速率法测定了125株采自河北、内蒙古、陕西、安徽和北京等地区的辣椒疫霉病菌对烯酰吗啉的敏感性,结果表明,其EC50值分布于0.126~0.318μg/mL之间,最不敏感菌株是最敏感菌株的2.5倍,平均EC50=(0.218±0.0368)μg/mL。125个菌株对烯酰吗啉的敏感性分布呈单峰曲线,未出现抗性的病原菌亚群体,可将该单峰曲线作为辣椒疫霉对烯酰吗啉的敏感性基线,将烯酰吗啉对该病原群体的平均EC50值作为田间抗药性监测的参考标准。通过紫外诱变敏感菌株N-7的菌丝获得了12株抗烯酰吗啉的突变体,抗性指数在16.38~132.15之间;通过紫外诱变敏感菌株DZ-16的游动孢子获得1株抗性指数为680倍的高抗药水平的突变体。突变体的部分生物学性状研究表明,其致病力与敏感菌株相当;大部分突变体产生孢子囊的能力与亲本菌株相比均有不同程度的提高;离体条件下,突变体和亲本菌株释放游动孢子的能力相当;突变体的菌丝生长速率与亲本菌株相比具有不同程度的差异。测定了敏感亲本菌株和突变体的交配型,均为A1型菌株,经紫外诱变后交配型没有发生改变。综合分析表明,抗性突变体的产生有利于抗药性群体的发展。为避免和延缓抗药性的产生,生产上应将烯酰吗啉与其它无交互抗药性的杀菌剂交替使用。 相似文献
9.
10.
山东蓬莱葡萄灰霉菌对7种杀菌剂的抗药性检测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了明确葡萄灰霉菌对啶酰菌胺、多菌灵、咯菌腈、异菌脲、腐霉利、嘧霉胺的抗药性和对抑霉唑的敏感性,本试验采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法检测了采自山东蓬莱地区的69株葡萄灰霉菌对上述前6种杀菌剂的抗药性、对抑霉唑的敏感性及抑霉唑与其他6种杀菌剂的交互抗性关系。结果表明,抑霉唑对这69株葡萄灰霉菌的EC_(50)分布在0.403～28.76μg/mL之间,平均值为(9.34±10.34)μg/mL;葡萄灰霉菌菌株中抗啶酰菌胺(BosR)、多菌灵(CarR)、咯菌腈(FluR)、异菌脲(IprR)、嘧霉胺(PyrR)、腐霉利(ProR)的比例分别为100%、100%、9.47%、97.18%、100%、89.20%,测试菌株的抗药性均为多抗类型,没有单抗菌株,其中对3种杀菌剂(啶酰菌胺、多菌灵、嘧霉胺)、对4种杀菌剂(啶酰菌胺、多菌灵、异菌脲、嘧霉胺)、对5种杀菌剂(啶酰菌胺、多菌灵、异菌脲、嘧霉胺、腐霉利或啶酰菌胺、多菌灵、咯菌腈、异菌脲、嘧霉胺)和对6种杀菌剂(啶酰菌胺、多菌灵、咯菌腈、异菌脲、嘧霉胺、腐霉利)的抗性频率分别为2.33%、9.30%、79.07%、2.33%、6.97%,表明啶酰菌胺、多菌灵、嘧霉胺对测试葡萄菌株完全丧失防效,建议在该葡萄产区停止使用这些药剂,测试菌株对腐霉利、异菌脲的抗性频率高,建议采取限制使用、禁止单独使用等措施,测试菌株对咯菌腈的抗性频率较低,可以继续使用但需按照科学使用规则进行。抑霉唑与其他6种杀菌剂间不存在交互抗性关系,说明其可以和其他药剂同时使用但建议减少使用。 相似文献
11.
Inheritance of resistance to carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides in Plasmopara viticola 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mandipropamid is a new mandelic acid amide fungicide expressing high activity against foliar infecting oomycetes, including the grapevine downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola . Because cross-resistance with the valinamide fungicides iprovalicarb and benthiavalicarb and the cinnamic acid amide fungicides dimethomorph and flumorph was postulated, all five compounds are classified as carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides. To support this classification, cross-resistance among these compounds with field isolates and the segregation of resistance in F1 and F2 progeny of P. viticola were evaluated. A bimodal distribution of sensitivity in field isolates and cross-resistance among all CAAs for the vast majority of isolates were detected. Crosses between sensitive (s) and CAA-resistant (r) isolates of opposite mating types, P1 and P2, yielded abundant oospores. All F1 -progeny isolates were sensitive to CAAs (s:r segregation 1:0), whereas in F2 progeny segregation of about 9:1 (s:r) was observed suggesting that resistance to CAA fungicides is controlled by two recessive nuclear genes. Mating type segregated in a ratio P1:P2 of c . 2:1 in F1 and 1:1 in F2 progeny. In the same crosses, resistance to the phenylamide fungicide mefenoxam segregated in a ratio of c . 1:3:2 (sensitive:intermediate:resistant), reflecting the monogenic, semidominant nature of resistance. The risk of resistance in P. viticola was classified as high for phenylamide and moderate for CAA fungicides. This is the first report on the inheritance of phenotypic traits in P. viticola . 相似文献
12.
Mutants of Phytophthora parasitica Dast. more or less resistant to dimethomorph or metalaxyl were obtained by treating mycelium with ultraviolet radiation. Some metalaxyl-resistant mutants exhibited levels of resistance (i.e. the ratio between the EC50 values for the mutant and the wild-type strain) greater than 100, but those observed in the dimethomorph-resistant mutants never exceeded 25. Most mutants retained their resistance after sub-culturing on unamended agar medium. Single zoospore clones derived from a metalaxyl-resistant and a dimethomorph-resistant mutant, selected as amongst the most resistant, had levels of resistance similar to those of the parental strains. The metalaxyl-resistant mutants were also resistant to the related phenylamide fungicides, furalaxyl and benalaxyl, but remained sensitive to dimethomorph. The dimethomorph-resistant mutants were not resistant to phenylamide fungicides. The pathogenicity of some metalaxyl- or dimethomorph-resistant mutants on tobacco leaves was similar to that of the wild-type strains. 相似文献
13.
Resistance to QoI fungicides (strobilurins, famoxadone and fenamidone) in populations of Plasmopara viticola (Berk & Curt) Berlese & de Toni developed soon after their introduction in France and Italy. Current resistance management strategies include limitation of the number of applications, use of mixtures and alternation of fungicides with different modes of action. The selection pressure resulting from QoI fungicides applied alone or in mixtures with non-QoI fungicides was investigated in whole plant experiments under controlled conditions. QoI-resistant populations of P. viticola gradually reverted to full sensitivity following consecutive transfers to untreated plants, suggesting that resistant phenotypes were less competitive than sensitive ones. When cycled on QoI-treated plants, reduction in sensitivity was greater for the QoI fungicide which had greater intrinsic activity on P. viticola. Sensitivity decreased at each subsequent cycle, resulting in almost full resistance after four generations. Mixture experiments indicated that selection pressure was affected most by the dose of the QoI fungicide and the nature of the partner fungicide. Folpet delayed selection pressure most effectively when it was associated with famoxadone or azoxystrobin. Mancozeb was least effective at reducing the rate of selection compared with the QoI alone, and fosetyl-aluminium was intermediate. Higher rates of selection were recorded when the dose of the QoI fungicide, solo or in a mixture, was increased from 1 to 4 microg ml(-1). Increasing the dose of the non-QoI partner fungicide in the mixture from 10 to 30 microg ml(-1) resulted in reduced selection pressure. These results suggest that the choice of the fungicide partner and its dosage in the mixture can significantly affect the success of QoI resistance management strategies under practical conditions. 相似文献
14.
The cytochrome b (cyt b) gene structure was characterized for different agronomically important plant pathogens, such as Puccinia recondita f sp tritici (Erikss) CO Johnston, P graminis f sp tritici Erikss and Hennings, P striiformis f sp tritici Erikss, P coronata f sp avenae P Syd & Syd, P hordei GH Otth, P recondita f sp secalis Roberge, P sorghi Schwein, P horiana Henn, Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers) Unger, Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd & P Syd, Hemileia vastatrix Berk & Broome, Alternaria solani Sorauer, A alternata (Fr) Keissl and Plasmopara viticola (Berk & Curt) Berlese & de Toni. The sequenced fragment included the two hot spot regions in which mutations conferring resistance to QoI fungicides may occur. The cyt b gene structure of these pathogens was compared with that of other species from public databases, including the strobilurin-producing fungus Mycena galopoda (Pers) P Kumm, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyer ex Hansen, Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Winter and Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet. In all rust species, as well as in A solani, resistance to QoI fungicides caused by the mutation G143A has never been reported. A type I intron was observed directly after the codon for glycine at position 143 in these species. This intron was absent in pathogens such as A alternata, Blumeria graminis (DC) Speer, Pyricularia grisea Sacc, Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) J Schr?t, M fijiensis, V inaequalis and P viticola, in which resistance to QoI fungicides has occurred and the glycine is replaced by alanine at position 143 in the resistant genotype. The present authors predict that a nucleotide substitution in codon 143 would prevent splicing of the intron, leading to a deficient cytochrome b, which is lethal. As a consequence, the evolution of resistance to QoI fungicides based on G143A is not likely to evolve in pathogens carrying an intron directly after this codon. 相似文献
15.
ABSTRACT Plasmopara viticola is a strictly biotrophic oomycete that causes downy mildew, which is one of the most important grapevine diseases. Control of the disease is most often achieved by fungicide applications, which may have severe environmental consequences. Therefore, alternative control strategies based on biocontrol agents (BCAs) are currently in development. Thousands of potential BCAs have to be screened for their antagonist efficacy against Plasmopara viticola. Evaluation of their effect on the pathogen can be achieved by detecting the amount of P. viticola DNA in leaves treated with potential antagonists and infected with the pathogen. In this study, a rapid high-throughput method was developed for relative quantification of P. viticola DNA directly from Vitis vinifera leaves by means of multiplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with TaqMan chemistry. This method allows simultaneous amplification, but independent detection, of pathogen and host DNA by using species-specific primers and TaqMan probes that are labeled with different fluorescent dyes. Including detection of V. vinifera DNA in the tests is fundamental because it provides an endogenous reference and allows normalization for variations caused by sample-to-sample differences in DNA extraction, PCR efficiencies, and pipetting volumes. The developed method allows highly sensitive and specific detection of P. viticola DNA (minimal detectable quantity of 0.1 pg). Moreover, high precision and reproducibility of TaqMan assays were observed over a linear range of four orders of magnitude, confirming the reliability of the developed PCR assay. Potential applications range from screening for BCA efficiency to evaluation of fungicide efficacy, or assessment of host resistance. 相似文献
16.
我国云南、湖北和山东葡萄产区霜霉病菌对甲霜灵的抗性检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确我国云南省宾川县、湖北省公安县和山东省烟台市葡萄产区霜霉病菌对甲霜灵的抗性发生态势,采用叶盘漂浮法测定了这3个产区共127株葡萄霜霉病菌对甲霜灵的抗性频率及抗性水平。结果显示,不同区域间病菌的抗性频率和抗性水平均存在差异。其中,湖北省公安县霜霉病菌的抗性频率和抗性水平均较高,抗性频率达92.0%,高抗菌株占76.0%,低抗菌株占16.0%,敏感菌株占8.0%;山东省烟台市霜霉病菌的抗性频率为74.0%,低抗菌株占64.0%,高抗菌株占10.0%,敏感菌株占26.0%;云南省宾川县霜霉病菌的抗性频率和抗性水平均较低,抗性频率为29.6%,敏感菌株占70.4%,低抗菌株占29.6%,无高抗菌株。 相似文献
17.
Tobin L. Peever Michael G. Milgroom 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1995,101(1):93-99
Highly significant genetic variation (P<0.001) in resistance to the morpholine fungicides fenpropimorph, tridemorph and dodemorph and the piperidine fungicide, fenpropidin was found in different populations ofPyrenophore teres in North America and Europe which had not been previously exposed to these fungicides. Resistance phenotypes were continuously distributed for each fungicide in each population. Cross resistance relationships were determined by estimating genetic correlation coefficients in resistance to all pairwise combinations of fungicides. The majority of the correlation coefficients were highly positive for all fungicide combinations in all populations; eight of 36 (22%) coefficients were not significantly different from 1 (P>0.05). This result is consistent with the hypothesis that many of the same genes, or genes in gametic disequilibrium, control resistance to more than one fungicide in most populations ofP. teres and that these fungicides comprise a single cross resistance group. Three of 36 (8%) correlation coefficients were not significantly different from 0 (P>0.05) indicating that, in these populations, independent genes controlled resistance to these fungicides. The results of this study indicate that although most of the same genes control resistance to morpholine and piperidine fungicides inP. teres, differences in frequencies of these genes among populations can result in different cross resistance relationships from one population to another. 相似文献
18.
植物病原菌对杀菌剂抗性风险评估 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：16
植物病原菌对杀菌剂的抗性风险由基本风险和治理风险组成。杀菌剂使用之前或之初可根据 人工诱变、药剂选择或驯化实验、田间野生敏感菌株敏感性变异、抗药菌株的生物及遗传特 征、杀菌剂作用方式等进行基本抗药风险预测；杀菌剂使用数年之后可根据人工诱变、药剂 选择或驯化、田间药效与抗药性发生、抗药菌株的生物及遗传特征、杀菌剂作用方式与使用 对策等已有资料进行抗药风险评估。目前已有4种方法用于抗药风险评估。由杀菌剂与病害 共同决定的基本抗药风险可分成低、中和高度。基本抗性风险高的药剂合理使用可延缓田间 抗药性发生，中度基本抗性风险药剂不合理使用也可引发田间抗药性发生和药效明显降低。 相似文献