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1.
陕西省耕地面积变化趋势及其驱动因子研究   总被引:15,自引:2,他引:15  
以实地调查和统计资料,分析了陕西省1949-2003年55 a间耕地面积变化的总体趋势.运用主成分分析方法定量分析了耕地面积变化的驱动因子,结果表明:社会-经济-科技综合作用、退耕还林等2大类因素是影响耕地面积变化的2个主成分.通过建立多元回归模型,对陕西省2010年和2015年的耕地面积进行了预测.研究结果将为合理利用和保护耕地,为干旱地区农业可持续发展提供科学依据.  相似文献   

2.
运用指数平滑法、自回归分析法、移动平均分析法、自回归移动平均法对1962-2003年期间海南农垦橡胶树白粉病的病情指数进行预测,并对这4种方法研究结果进行比较。结果表明,4种分析方法均能较好地预测橡胶白粉病的发生趋势,但自回归移动平均法的预测效果较好。因此可以利用时间序列分析法预测橡胶白粉病。  相似文献   

3.
基于空间自回归模型的中国耕地面积变化预测   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
文中在1990和2000年全国两期耕地遥感调查数据的基础上,基于14个自然和社会经济自变量的空间自回归模型,预测出2005、2010、2015和2020年四个年份全国的耕地面积。根据国土资源部公布的数据,2005年、2010年预测值的相对误差分别为1.22%和-0.04%。研究结果表明:2005-2020年我国耕地面积呈现逐渐减少的趋势,并且耕地面积减少的速度在加快。随着经济的发展以及城镇化进程的加快,必须采取更为严格的耕地保护措施,缓解耕地面积的下降态势。  相似文献   

4.
宁夏耕地压力动态变化规律分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
耕地是人类赖以生存的基本资源和条件,耕地压力指数是指最小人均耕地面积与实际人均耕地面积之比,是衡量区域耕地资源紧张程度及动态变化趋势的重要指标。文中以宁夏回族自治区为样本研究区,运用最小人均耕地面积和耕地压力指数模型对宁夏自1950-2007年耕地变化进行研究。结果表明:1950-2007年,宁夏人均耕地面积和最小人均耕地面积呈不断减小趋势,近50年分别减少0.39hm2和0.74hm2,受耕地面积变化、人口增长、粮食单产变化及政策等影响,耕地压力指数在波动中呈减小趋势,这与近年来宁夏推行的严格耕地保护政策、生态移民、科技兴农等措施密切相关。  相似文献   

5.
西安市耕地面积变化驱动力分析及动态预测   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
易浪  任志远  刘焱序 《干旱区研究》2013,30(6):1144-1149
利用主成分分析对指标因子进行特征提取,采用灰色预测方法来构建预测指标,运用MATLAB软件建立的BP神经网络进行耕地面积预测。结果表明:经主成分分析的BP神经网络模型具有结构简单、收敛速度快、精度高的特点,对西安市耕地资源的预测精度较高,可靠性较好,具有一定的可行性。预测结果显示,西安市2013年的年末耕地面积为248 826.67 hm2,而经济的高速发展和城市化水平是西安市耕地面积减少的主要原因,在西安市城市发展过程中耕地资源的规划和保护应该得到充分的重视。  相似文献   

6.
兰州市城市化水平与耕地面积变化的定量研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
通过一系列的实证资料,确定了区域城市化水平评价指标体系。运用主成分分析方法计算了兰州市1994-2004年城市化水平,并对兰州市耕地面积与城市化水平的关系进行了相关分析,发现兰州市城市化水平与耕地面积之间具有显著的线性相关关系,在此基础上建立了二者之间的线性回归模型:Y=1.506-0.04X。最后提出了解决加快城市化进程与耕地面积减少矛盾的几点建议。  相似文献   

7.
基于甘肃省1997-2006年耕地十年变化的数据,研究了甘肃省经济发展过程中耕地面积变化的过程,并运用统计分析方法,对近十年来耕地变化与人口以及固定资产投资、人均GDP等经济指标进行相关分析.结果表明:耕地面积与人口呈相反趋势,与固定资产投资、人均GDP、城市化水平呈正" U"型三次曲线相关,即固定资产投资总额、人均G...  相似文献   

8.
基于BP神经网络模型的三江平原湿地面积预测研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以相关资料和文献中1950-2009年的数据为依据,利用相关分析、灰色预测方法和BP神经网络模型,定量分析了三江平原湿地面积变化的影响因素,并对未来20年三江平原的湿地面积进行预测。结果表明,耕地面积、年均气温、人口数量、径流深度、相对湿度、年降水量、政策因子与湿地面积变化关系密切,可以作为BP神经网络模型的预测变量。BP神经网络模型预测2010s三江平原的湿地面积为58.58万hm2,2020s为45.86万hm2,湿地面积在未来一段时间还有减少的趋势,但减少趋势明显减缓。  相似文献   

9.
甘肃省耕地数量变化特征及其对粮食安全的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用51年的耕地统计数据和近年的土地利用详查变更数据,揭示了甘肃省土地利用结构和耕地面积变化的总体特征,1955~2005年,甘肃省耕地面积和人均耕地面积呈现出逐年下降趋势,而粮食产量和人均粮食产量却呈现出上升趋势,最小人均耕地面积和耕地面积压力指数虽逐渐减小,但耕地压力指数历年都大于1,说明此期粮食的供给小于需求,粮食处于不安全状态。运用回归分析方法、预测理论、最小人均耕地面积和耕地压力指数模型,对耕地面积变化的主要驱动因子进行了分析,在定量分析耕地数量变化和人口增长及经济发展关系的基础上,对未来15年耕地、人口、粮食、最小人均耕地面积和耕地压力指数进行了预测。结果显示:2006~2020年,耕地压力指数继续减小,且越来越接近1,这说明耕地面积-人口-粮食之间的供需矛盾减小,粮食安全形势有所缓解。  相似文献   

10.
新乡市近60年降水序列变化规律及干旱预测   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
新乡市属严重缺水地域,近年来干旱的加剧使水资源短缺问题更加突出,严重制约了区域社会经济的发展。因此,对该地区进行降水序列的分析以及干旱的预测显得尤为重要。利用新乡市1953-2010年的年降水量资料,采用一元线性回归法和Mann-Kendall法分析新乡市降水的时间变化规律,结果表明:该地区近60年来年降水量呈减少的趋势,干旱发生频率有增加的趋势。以1953-2000年的年降水量资料为建模数据,2001-2010年的年降水量资料为检验数据,运用灰色系统的灰色预测方法,建立新乡市的灰色预测GM(1,1)模型,对该地区未来一定时期内干旱发生的时间进行预测,经检验该预测模型精度高,检验结果与实际相符,故可用该模型对新乡市未来的干旱年进行预测。预测结果显示,新乡市将在2012-2013、2020-2021、2028-2029年期间发生干旱。  相似文献   

11.
高原人体生理适应学理论在进藏旅游中的应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
青藏铁路的贯通运行,带来了国内外进藏旅游热.然而,青藏高原毕竟是世界屋脊,高海拔带来的低氧及其引发的高原疾病依然威胁着游客的身体健康.健康高原旅行是当前游客进藏旅游的基本前提,通过综合国内外高原医学工作者对高原医学生理学的研究成果,提出阶梯进藏旅游的方法.旨在对越来越多的短期赴西藏高原旅行的人群以正确的健康指导,从而减...  相似文献   

12.
白刺花(Sophoraviciifolia)适应土壤干旱的生理学机制   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
用盆栽的方法人工控制土壤干旱条件,研究白刺花天然实生幼苗适应土壤干旱的生理学机制。结果表明:随土壤含水量的减少,白刺花叶水势在胁迫前期下降缓慢,随胁迫时间的延长,水势大幅度下降。白刺花通过在叶片内积累大量渗透保护性物质可溶性糖和K ,增加细胞的保水力,维持细胞生长所需膨压。白刺花游离脯氨酸含量变化与水分关系不大,可溶性蛋白质含量随土壤含水量减少而下降,可能是水分胁迫下受伤害的表现。随土壤水分含量的减少,白刺花SOD的活性明显升高,POD活性不高但随胁迫时间延长其活性较稳定,CAT活性下降但幅度不大,且CAT活性变化趋势与POD活性相反,说明三个保护酶能够相互配合协同作用,降低膜脂过氧化程度,减少水分胁迫造成的伤害,提高质膜稳定性,维持细胞膜的完整性,表现出很强的抗旱适应性。  相似文献   

13.
稻瘟病菌对三环唑抗药性测定方法的建立   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
研究了稻瘟病菌对三环唑抗药性的测定方法,确定了保绿培养基的成分,建立了抗药性测定的标准化模型。4叶I心期将稻苗在三环唑系列浓度药液中浸根处理36 h,剪取稻苗叶段插于100 μg/mL苯并咪唑+0.5%水琼脂保绿培养基上,用孢子含量为105个/mL的稻瘟病菌孢子悬浮液喷雾接种,保湿培养8 d后调查结果,计算EC50值。该测定方法与小苗测定相比较结果更加稳定且灵敏度高,重复性好。  相似文献   

14.
Feil H  Feil WS  Lindow SE 《Phytopathology》2007,97(3):318-324
ABSTRACT The role of fimbrial and afimbrial adhesins of Xylella fastidiosa in biofilm formation was assessed by visualization of cell aggregates of mutant strains after incubation on glass surfaces. FimA- or FimF- fimbrial mutants adhered as solitary cells at a slightly lesser frequency to glass surfaces than the parental strain; however, cell aggregates were not formed, unlike the wild-type strain. Conversely, whereas the XadA- and HxfB- nonfimbrial mutants also exhibited a much lower frequency of adherence to glass surfaces than the wild-type strain, most of the cells retained on the surfaces were in cell aggregates of different sizes, much like that of the parental strain. Neither fimbrial or afimbrial mutants formed a mature biofilm on the sides of flasks of broth cultures, unlike the dense biofilm formed by the wild-type strain. Although FimA- and FimF- mutants did not form cell aggregates on glass surfaces when incubated as individual strains, aggregates of a FimA- or FimF- mutant were observed when co-incubated with either a XadA- mutant or HxfB- mutant, respectively. These results are consistent with a model in which the fimbrial adhesins FimA and FimF are involved preferentially in cell-to-cell aggregate formation whereas the afimbrial adhesions XadA and HxfB preferentially contribute to initial cell binding to surfaces, whereupon further cell aggregation can occur. In each of five separate experiments, FimA, FimF, XadA, and HxfB mutants of X. fastidiosa all were less virulent to grape than the corresponding wild-type strain. Fimbrial and afimbrial mutants might produce a reduced biofilm within vessels of grape and, hence, be deficient in various cell-density-dependent traits required for movement through the plant and, thus, virulence.  相似文献   

15.
寡聚糖诱导黄瓜对白粉病抗病反应的超微结构研究   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
 中科6号(2%氨基寡糖素)处理黄瓜植株叶片,5 d后接种白粉菌Sphaerotheca fuliginea(Schlecht.) Poll.,可诱导黄瓜Cucumis sativus产生对白粉病的抗病性,寄主细胞对病原菌的侵入产生了防卫反应结构和物质以及过敏性坏死反应。表现为寄主细胞壁加厚,染色加深,寄主细胞壁下产生多层次结构的乳突,在寄主细胞壁与质膜之间有黑色物质沉积;吸器外质膜皱褶,染色加深,吸器外基质中出现染色加深的颗粒状电子沉积物;寄主细胞质紊乱,细胞器解体,整个寄主细胞解体、坏死。  相似文献   

16.
Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the risk of developing field resistance to zoxamide, a new Oomycete fungicide which acts on microtubules. Zoxamide, metalaxyl and dimethomorph were compared with respect to the ease with which fungicide‐resistant mutants could be isolated and their level of resistance. Attempts to generate mutants of Phytophthora capsici and P infestans with resistance to zoxamide by mycelial adaptation on fungicide‐amended medium were unsuccessful. Similarly, changes in sensitivity to zoxamide were small (resistance factors ≤2.2) in mutants of P capsici isolated by chemical mutagenesis of zoospore cysts. In parallel experiments with metalaxyl, highly resistant mutants were obtained using both adaptation (P capsici or P infestans) and chemical mutagenesis (P capsici). For dimethomorph, chemical mutagenesis (P capsici) yielded moderately resistant mutants (maximum resistance factor = 20.9), and adaptation (P capsici or P infestans) did not induce resistance. It is proposed that failure to isolate mutants resistant to zoxamide results from the diploid nature of Oomycete fungi and the likelihood that target‐site mutations would produce a recessive phenotype. Our studies suggest that the risk of a highly resistant pathogen population developing rapidly in the field is much lower for zoxamide than for metalaxyl. However, as with any site‐specific fungicide, appropriate precautions against resistance development should be taken. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

17.
Sixty-four strains of Septoria which had been isolated from a range of hosts at different locations and in different years were characterized for their adaptation to wheat or barley, growth at near-maximum temperature, fluorescence, colony morphology, conidial (pycnidiospore) length and hexokinase and alkaline phosphatase isozymes. For each character except conidial length, the strains could be divided into two or three discrete groups. The variation in these six characters was strongly associated, such that 60 strains could be classified into two groups, designated W-type and B-type. W-type strains are adapted to wheat, produce large colonies at 31 C, fluoresce, produce brown-pigmented colonies, and have fast isozymes. B-type strains are adapted to barley, produce small colonies at 31 C, do not fluoresce, produce pink-pigmented colonies, and have slow isozymes. A few strains differed from these norms in one of the six characters, but only one showed an atypical host adaptation. The four unclassified strains differed from W- or B-type in two or more characters. The many differences between the W- and B-types suggest they are genetically distinct populations within Septoria nodorum.  相似文献   

18.
植物抗真菌病害基因工程研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在寄主与病原互作的研究中,通过分子生物学与生物技术成功分离和克隆了大量植物防御相关基因,这些基因的表达产物——蛋白、肽或抗菌素直接对病菌有毒害作用或在侵入位点抑制病菌的生长;直接抑制病菌的毒性产物或增强植物结构抗性基因,直接或间接活化植物整体防御反应;增强过敏性坏死反应中与无毒基因互作的抗性基因。将这些基因引入植物,转基因植物显示出对病原真菌明显的抑制作用,在提高植物抗性方面具有广阔的发展前景。  相似文献   

19.
Fungicides containing the imidazole and triazole groups are known to block the 14α-demethylation reaction in ergosterol biosynthesis, which is a cytochrome P-450 enzyme system. Fungicides related to diclobutrazol [(2RS, 3RS)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3-ol] bind to cytochrome P-450 in rat liver microsomes, whole yeast cells, yeast microsomes and to a partially purified cytochrome P-450 from yeast, with Type II spectral changes. The most fungicidally active isomer (2R, 3R) shows greater binding than the less active (2S, 3S)-enantiomer to yeast microsomes; when the cytochrome P-450 was purified, a preparation was obtained to which binding more closely matched the fungicidal activity. Binding to rat liver microsomes does not reflect the fungicidal activity of the compounds.  相似文献   

20.
Bakanae disease is an important fungal disease in the world. No rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties have been found to be completely resistant to this disease. To facilitate accurate, uniform and simultaneous screening of many rice accessions, we developed an inoculation method for microconidia of Fusarium fujikuroi using a tissue embedding cassette and seedling tray. Standards for evaluating the inoculated rice seedlings as healthy or unhealthy were also established. The method was fast and reproducible for accurately evaluating resistance to bakanae disease in rice.  相似文献   

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