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1.
陕西关中地区土地生态价值时空动态 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明土地生态系统服务价值的空间差异性,以关中地区遥感影像、气象气候、土壤植被及地形地貌数据为依据,借助格网插值技术和土壤潜力测算模型获取土壤潜力栅格图,运用土地利用栅格图及生态系统服务价值当量因子加权,生成土地生态系统服务价值栅格图;从而在栅格尺度上揭示土地生态系统服务价值的空间异质性。结果表明:1986—2007年间,关中地区土地生态系统服务价值总量由509.61亿元增加到561.02亿元,增幅约为10.09%,2000—2007年段增速约为1986—2000年段的33.65倍;周边山地和黄土梁峁区生态价值增加,增量最大的为周至县;中部平原区的生态价值量减少,减量最大的是西安市区;研究期内的土地利用结构调整取得了较明显的生态效益。 相似文献
2.
石羊河流域上游生态系统服务价值的变化研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
研究土地利用变化对区域生态系统服务价值的影响具有重要意义。以石羊河流域上游2000年和2006年30×30m分辨率的Landsat TM图像解译数据为基础,采用谢高地等人制定的中国陆地生态系统单位面积服务价值表,估算了石羊河流域上游土地利用变化引起的生态系统服务价值变化。研究结果表明:2000～2006的6年间,土地利用变化损害了该区域生态系统的服务功能,使生态系统服务价值从2000年的100亿元降低到2006年的97.18亿元,损失了28.82亿元,减幅达2.82%。应加强祁连山水源涵养林区、天然草场的保护和建设,加强耕地和湿地的封育保护,合理控制城镇建设用地的扩展,尽可能恢复和提高石羊河流域上游生态系统服务功能。 相似文献
3.
WU Changxue 《干旱区科学》2022,14(4):426-440
With realizing the importance of ecosystem services to society, the efforts to evaluate the ecosystem services have increased. As the largest tributary of the Yellow River, the Weihe River has been endowed with many ecological service functions. Among which, water yield can be a measure of local availability of water and an index for evaluating the conservation function of the region. This study aimed to explore the temporal and spatial variation of water yield and its influencing factors in the Weihe River Basin (WRB), and provide basis for formulating reasonable water resources utilization schemes. Based on the InVEST (integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs) model, this study simulated the water yield in the WRB from 1985 to 2019, and discussed the impacts of climatic factors and land use change on water yield by spatial autocorrelation analysis and scenario analysis methods. The results showed that there was a slight increasing trend in water yield in the WRB over the study period with the increasing rate of 4.84 mm/10a and an average depth of 83.14 mm. The main water-producing areas were concentrated along the mainstream of the Weihe River and in the southern basin. Changes in water yield were comprehensively affected by climate and underlying surface factors. Precipitation was the main factor affecting water yield, which was consistent with water yield in time. And there existed significant spatial agglomeration between water yield and precipitation. Land use had little impact on the amount of water yield, but had an impact on its spatial distribution. Water yield was higher in areas with wide distribution of construction land and grassland. Water yield of different land use types were different. Unused land showed the largest water yield capacity, whereas grassland and farmland contributed most to the total water yield. The increasing water yield in the basin indicates an enhanced water supply service function of the ecosystem. These results are of great significance to the water resources management of the WRB. 相似文献
4.
Land use/cover change (LUCC) is becoming more and more frequent and extensive as a result of human activities, and is expected to have a major impact on human welfare by altering ecosystem service value (ESV). In this study, we utilized remote sensing images and statistical data to explore the spatial-temporal changes of land use/cover types and ESV in the northern slope economic belt of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China from 1975 to 2018. During the study period, LUCC in the study region varied significantly. Except grassland and unused land, all the other land use/cover types (cultivated land, forestland, waterbody, and construction land) increased in areas. From 1975 to 2018, the spatial-temporal variations in ESV were also pronounced. The total ESV decreased by 4.00×108 CNY, which was primarily due to the reductions in the areas of grassland and unused land. Waterbody had a much higher ESV than the other land use/cover types. Ultimately, understanding the impact of LUCC on ESV and the interactions among ESV of different land use/cover types will help improve existing land use policies and provide scientific basis for developing new conservation strategies for ecologically fragile areas. 相似文献
5.
新疆和田河流域土地利用及其生态服务价值变化 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
土地利用结构决定土地生态系统服务价值,生态服务价值也反映了土地利用结构的生态优劣.基于遥感和GIS技术及数理统计学方法,利用1990年、1999年、2002年和2005年遥感影像解译得到的4期土地利用数据,对和田河流域1990-2005年土地利用变化进行定量分析,估算出研究区15年间的生态服务价值变化量.结果表明:①耕地、林地和城乡建设用地面积增加,草地、水域和未利用地面积减少;研究区土地利用处于发展时期,土地利用综合程度日益提高;优势度没有发生明显的变化,未利用地一直最高.②土地生态系统服务价值量有所增加,土地利用总体生态效应趋良.但环境也存在着局部恶化,主要表现在上游山地生态系统冰川退缩、天然植被退化;中游绿洲生态系统耕地扩张迅速,土壤盐渍化,人工渠、水库增加显著;下游荒漠生态系统植被退化,水资源严重不足,土地沙漠化. 相似文献
6.
LIU Yifeng 《干旱区科学》2023,15(1):91-108
Under the combined influence of climate change and human activities, vegetation ecosystem has undergone profound changes. It can be seen that there are obvious differences in the evolution patterns and driving mechanisms of vegetation ecosystem in different historical periods. Therefore, it is urgent to identify and reveal the dominant factors and their contribution rates in the vegetation change cycle. Based on the data of climate elements (sunshine hours, precipitation and temperature), human activities (population intensity and GDP intensity) and other natural factors (altitude, slope and aspect), this study explored the spatial and temporal evolution patterns of vegetation NDVI in the Yellow River Basin of China from 1989 to 2019 through a residual method, a trend analysis, and a gravity center model, and quantitatively distinguished the relative actions of climate change and human activities on vegetation evolution based on Geodetector model. The results showed that the spatial distribution of vegetation NDVI in the Yellow River Basin showed a decreasing trend from southeast to northwest. During 1981-2019, the temporal variation of vegetation NDVI showed an overall increasing trend. The gravity centers of average vegetation NDVI during the study period was distributed in Zhenyuan County, Gansu Province, and the center moved northeastwards from 1981 to 2019. During 1981-2000 and 2001-2019, the proportion of vegetation restoration areas promoted by the combined action of climate change and human activities was the largest. During the study period (1981-2019), the dominant factors influencing vegetation NDVI shifted from natural factors to human activities. These results could provide decision support for the protection and restoration of vegetation ecosystem in the Yellow River Basin. 相似文献
7.
生态系统服务研究是目前生态学领域的热点和前沿。以石羊河流域为研究区，借助GIS技术和方法，对流域2005、2010年和2015年的水源涵养、土壤保持、水质净化、碳储存、生物多样性、食品供给6项服务进行定量评估，并对不同地类的服务变化规律及生态系统功能分区进行探索与研究。结果表明：① 各服务类型在空间上表现出差异性规律：水源涵养、生物多样性、碳储存在空间上呈现西南高东北低，高值沿河流及周围带状分布的空间格局；水质净化高值区分布较为零碎；武威、永昌和民勤盆地等地为食品供给服务的高值区。②
在不同土地利用类型中，草地和耕地是承担生态系统供给服务的关键角色。③ 研究区划分为3项生态功能区，即祁连山生态保育区、流域绿洲生态功能区、荒漠生态功能区。通过对石羊河流域生态系统服务时空分异特征进行深入分析，以期为相关研究提供数据和方法支持，并为相关流域生态保护与建设目标提供科学参考。 相似文献
8.
依据疏勒河中下游地区1985、2000和2010年的土地利用数据,从生态系统服务功能的角度,运用Costanza的方法,结合谢高地等修正的我国生态服务价值当量因子表,分析了该地区土地利用/覆被变化的生态效益。结果表明:研究区内土地利用强度在迅速增加,受其影响,生态服务总价值呈缓慢增长态势,从1985-2010年只增加0.02亿元,部分地区由于土地生态超载,土地过度利用的生态效应已经凸显;草地在研究区内生态系统起着相当重要的作用,并且耕地、林地和草地的面积变化对研究区内的各项生态服务价值的变化有着较大影响;通过敏感度分析表明,研究区生态服务价值对生态服务价值系数的变化是缺乏弹性的,因此结果是可信的。 相似文献
9.
There is a growing need for both science and practice domains to collaboratively and systematically seek knowledge-based strategies for sustainable development.In recent years,transdisciplinary research has emerged as a new approach that enables joint problem solving among scientists and stakeholders in various fields. In this paper,we aim to introduce transdisciplinary research for supporting the integration of the concept of ecosystem services into land and water management in the Tarim River Basin,Xinjiang,Northwest China.While a large number of ecosystem service studies have helped to raise the awareness for the value of nature in China,a number of challenges remain,including an improved understanding of the relationships between ecosystem structure, functions and services,and the interaction of the various ecosystem services.A meaningful valuation of ecosystem services also requires the consideration of their strong spatial heterogeneity.In addition,ways to introduce the concept of ecosystem services into decision-making in China need to be explored.Thus,successful integration of the concept of ecosystem services into actual land and water management requires a broad knowledge base that only a number of scientific disciplines and stakeholders can provide jointly,via a transdisciplinary research process.We regard transdisciplinary research as a recursive process to support adaptive management that includes joint knowledge generation and integration among scientists and stakeholders.System,target,and transformation knowledge are generated and integrated during the process of(1)problem(re)definition,(2)problem analysis and strategy development,and(3)evaluation of the impact of the derived strategy.Methods to support transdisciplinary research comprise participatory modelling(actor-based modelling and Bayesian Networks modelling)and participatory scenario development.Actor-based modelling is a semi-quantitative method that is based on the analysis of problem perspectives of individual stakeholders as depicted in perception graphs.With Bayesian Networks,complex problem fields are modelled probabilistically in a simplified manner,using both quantitative data and qualitative expert judgments.These participatory methods serve to integrate diverse scientific and stakeholder knowledge and to support the generation of actually implementable management strategies for sustainable development.For the purpose of integrating ecosystem services in land and water management in the Tarim River Basin through transdisciplinary research,collaboration among scientists and institutional stakeholders from different sectors including water,agriculture,forestry,and nature conservation is required.The challenge is to adapt methods of transdisciplinary research to socio-cultural conditions in China,particularly regarding ways of communication and decision-making. 相似文献
10.
DONG Jianhong 《干旱区科学》2022,14(6):637-652
Rapid industrialization and urbanization have led to the most serious habitat degradation in China, especially in the loess hilly area of the Yellow River Basin, where the ecological environment is relatively fragile. The contradiction between economic development and ecological environment protection has aroused widespread concern. In this study, we used the habitat quality of Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST-HQ) model at different scales to evaluate the dynamic evolution characteristics of habitat quality in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province of China. The spatiotemporal variations of habitat quality were analyzed by spatial autocorrelation. A Geographical Detector (Geodetector) model was used to explore the driving factors that influencing the spatial differentiation of habitat quality, including natural factors, socio-economic factors, and ecological protection factors. The results showed that the habitat quality index of Lanzhou City decreased from 0.4638 to 0.4548 during 2000-2018. The areas with reduced the habitat quality index were mainly located in the Yellow River Basin and Qinwangchuan Basin, where are the main urban areas and the new economic development areas, respectively. The spatial distribution of habitat quality presented a trend of high in the surrounding areas and low in the middle, and showed a significant positive spatial autocorrelation. With the increase of study scale, the spatial distribution of habitat quality changed from concentrated to dispersed. The spatial differentiation of habitat quality in the study area was the result of multiple factors. Among them, topographic relief and slope were the key factors. The synergistic enhancement among these driving factors intensified the spatial differentiation of habitat quality. The findings of this study can provide a scientific basis for land resources utilization and ecosystem restoration in the arid and semi-arid land. 相似文献
11.
12.
黄河上游植被覆盖度空间分布特征及其影响因素 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用2000—2015年MODIS1M NDVI数据计算黄河上游年最大植被覆盖度 (FVC)，了解空间分布状况及变化特征；同时，采用了一种基于统计学原理的地理探测器模型，考虑非气候类环境因素、气候类环境因素和人类活动因素，使用相应的代理变量对黄河上游FVC空间分布的影响因素做定量研究。研究表明：① 黄河上游FVC总体上以改善为主，空间分布特征变化不大；②
单因子方面，降水量(q值0.669)是该地区FVC空间分布的主要影响因素，其他因子的影响作用存在区域差异；③ 降水分别和土壤类型、土地利用方式的交互作用(q值0.777、0.775)对研究区FVC空间分布起主导作用，土壤类型和土地利用的影响作用在一定高程、降水条件下才得以体现；④ 总体上，气候类环境因素>非气候类环境因素>人类活动因素，人类活动在与降水等环境因子的共同作用能够更充分地解释FVC空间分布；⑤ 对研究区的生态恢复应重点放在降水的充分利用和土地利用方式改进等方面。 相似文献
13.
生态系统服务供给-消费研究:黄河流域案例 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
选取黄河流域食物和薪柴供给服务功能,基于县级统计数据和土地利用数据,从生态系统服务供给-消费的角度分析了该地区生态系统服务消费满足状况和时空差异特征。结果表明:1995-2008年,流域内食物供给服务呈现上升趋势,全流域粮食、油料和肉类三类食物产量分别增加1408×104t、112×104t和140×104t,增产的县(市)分别占69.9%、54.7%和68.3%。单产增加是导致食物供给能力增强的关键因素。各省食物供给-消费状况总体好转,盈余区比例超过50%,不同食物种类空间特征略有差异。粮食实际消费在青海和四川两省出现较大面积的匮乏区,油料和肉类消费尚未满足营养需求,营养摄入需求仍存在较大缺口。1995-2000年,流域薪柴供给空间格局未出现显著变化,薪柴总供给量降低了2.1%,呈现轻微下降的趋势。但由于各省(自治区)供给与消费的同期下降导致薪柴消费平衡格局未发生显著变化,薪柴供给-消费平衡仍保持较高的水平,67%的县(市)薪柴供给量有所盈余。通过分析区域生态系统服务供给和消费的时空变化趋势,研究人类对生态系统服务的消费,将为推动人类对生态系统服务的合理消费和管理,促进人类福祉发展的社会目标提供科学依据。 相似文献
14.
宁夏固原市生态保育对农民福祉的影响初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于土地利用图、统计年鉴及农户调研数据,分析宁夏固原市1995年和2005年食物供给、能源供给、水源涵养、就业供给与收入供给5大生态系统服务的空间格局及变化;通过分析人类对生态系统服务消费需求的满足程度,定量了研究区农民福祉及变化;结合土地利用变化数据,探讨生态保育对农民福祉的影响。结果表明：从1995-2005年,固原市各县农民福祉有大幅提高,其中大多由于收入福祉与食物福祉的增加。整个固原市农民福祉的提高70.4%是来源于耕地生产力的增强,24.0%是由于生态保育。在生态保育对农民福祉的增加中,有26.9%是由于退耕还林还草对农民的补贴,70.5%是由于增强了当地的水源涵养功能。 相似文献
15.
青海省土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以1999年、2006年、2013年3年期青海省土地利用变更调查数据为基础,采用生态系统服务价值定量评估模型、土地利用动态度及敏感性指数对青海省土地利用变化情况及其对生态系统服务价值的影响情况进行分析。结果表明:(1)1999—2013年间,青海省林地、牧草地、园地及建设用地呈增长趋势;耕地、水域及未利用土地呈减少趋势。(2)区域生态系统服务总价值总体呈现出增长趋势,由1999年的4 477.29×108元提高至2013年的4 507.07×108元。研究期间,牧草地、林地、水域面积变化对区域生态系统服务价值起着决定性的作用,3类土地利用类型生态服务价值占总价值的96%以上。(3)各项生态系统服务功能中,水源涵养、土壤形成与保护及废物处理功能贡献率最大,表明青海省生态系统的服务性功能远高于生产性功能。(4)研究区生态系统服务价值对生态服务价值系数缺乏弹性,研究结果具有可信性。 相似文献
16.
Rapid population growth and artificial oasis enlargement did pose great threat to the natural riparian ecosystems of Tarim River and caused seriously ecological deterioration and greater desertification of the Tarim River Basin in the second half of 20 century. Restoration of the endangered riparian ecosystem requires that environmental flow should be restored through restricted and uncontrolled flow diversion irrigation in tributary areas. Implementation of such restriction needs further the basin-wide reallocation of water resources through a set of engineering and non-engineering measures taken to ensure the water requirement in the tributary and maintain effective flows in Tarim River. As one of evolving HELP (Hydrology for Environment, Life and Policy) basins, the article first presents an overview of hydrology, socio-economic development and ecosystem evolution of the Tarim River Basin. Then, those measures for restoring and maintaining environmental flow are reviewed and analyzed along with its applicability and validity. The issues emerging in implementing those measures are also explored, and then the conclusions were summarized. Lessons learned could provide a good example for other basins under similar conditions. 相似文献
17.
宁夏旱区湿地生态系统碳汇功能研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用3S技术对2012年宁夏旱区TM卫星假彩色数字影像进行解译,并利用GPS仪进行了野外考察验证,实地调查了宁夏湿地典型植被,获取了较为全面、完整和系统的宁夏湿地资源数据,在此基础上研究了不同湿地类型碳汇功能。结果表明:宁夏湿地总面积为19.65万hm2,占国土面积的3.1%,位居我国西部干旱半干旱地区之首。其中自然湿地面积(包括河流湿地、湖泊湿地、沼泽湿地)为17.03万hm2,占宁夏湿地面积的82.38%,主要分布在宁夏沿黄经济区。宁夏湿地总碳储量为1502.80万t,约占宁夏旱区五种主要生态系统(林地、灌木、草地、湿地、特色经果林)碳汇的45.03%,比全球湿地总碳储量占全球陆地生态系统碳库的百分比(10%-35%)高出10多个百分点。预测了2015年的碳汇潜力为1593.48万t,与2012年相比,2015年湿地面积增加0.34万hm2,碳汇量增加90.68万t。 相似文献
18.
森林对维持我国自然生态系统的平衡和稳定具有重要意义,其服务功能价值越来越受到人们的重视。采用综合评价方法对五台山地区森林生态系统服务功能价值进行估算。结果表明:五台山地区森林生态系统服务功能总价值为101.47×108元,单位面积价值量为6.80元·m-2·a-1,其中供给功能价值为0.44×108元(占0.43%),支持功能价值为31.34×108元(占30.89%),调节功能价值为65.83×108元(占64.88%),文化服务功能价值为3.86×108元(占3.80%);从不同的服务功能类型来看,其价值量为:防风固沙维持营养物质循环涵养水源气候调节保护生物多样性休憩娱乐净化空气提供林产品控制侵蚀;不同森林类型价值量差异较大,灌丛最大,针阔混交林最小,从单位面积价值量来看,松杉类最大,灌丛最小;五台山地区森林生态系统服务功能价值巨大,该结果对区域生态系统管理具有重要意义。 相似文献
19.
基于空间技术的岷江上游土地利用空间分布现状分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
岷江上游生态环境与土地利用息息相关。要建设岷江上游生态屏障,调整土地利用结构,改善岷江上游地表覆被是重要的切入点。本文利用遥感、地理信息系统和全球定位系统等空间技术研究了岷江上游土地利用空间分布现状,详细分析了高程、坡度等地形因子对山地系统土地利用空间分布的重要影响,并进一步分析了该区县域土地利用水平的差异,结合区域地形、地貌特点以及资源和环境状况,提出了该区土地利用结构调整和规划的优化方向。 相似文献
20.
兰州经济区土地利用空间结构变化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
兰州经济区位于西陇海-兰新经济带甘肃段中段,是黄河上游经济区的核心。本文在全面分析了兰州经济区1990~2000年土地利用数量变化、空间变化的基础上,提出了今后兰州经济区土地空间结构优化的思路,从而为土地资源的管理和持续利用提供有效的决策支持。 相似文献