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1.
龟纹瓢虫幼虫人工饲料的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以蝇蛆和黄粉虫蛹作为外源动物蛋白配制龟纹瓢虫幼虫人工饲料,从初孵幼虫开始饲喂,以幼虫历期、幼虫存活率、蛹历期、羽化率、成虫体重、成虫获得率作为评价指标,对外源动物蛋白的添加形式进行筛选,蝇蛆及黄粉虫蛹脱脂粉饲喂效果均优于其他蛋白形式;在上述结论配方的基础上,以脱脂粉、酵母抽提物、蔗糖和橄榄油为主成分进行L9(34)正交试验,经Duncan's新复极差检验分析,得出两组优化配方:(1)蝇蛆脱脂粉0.50g、酵母抽提物0.25g、蔗糖0.30g、橄榄油0.01g;(2)黄粉虫蛹脱脂粉0.50g、酵母抽提物0.35g、蔗糖0.30g、橄榄油0.02g.验证饲养表明,两组理论优化配方均符合实际. 相似文献
2.
大草蛉幼虫人工饲料的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
用蝇蛆匀浆液、全脂蝇蛆粉、脱脂蝇蛆粉、酵母粉、猪肝分别作为主成分,添加生鸡蛋黄、蔗糖等配成大草蛉幼虫的人工饲料,从二龄开始饲养,以幼虫存活率、羽化率等作为评价指标,通过比较得出,含蝇蛆蛋白饲料饲养效果优于酵母粉和猪肝。3种蝇蛆蛋白饲料中,含脱脂蝇蛆粉的配方实用效果最佳,幼虫存活率达96%,羽化率达58.3%。采用均匀设计法优化饲料配方,用SAS软件进行回归分析,得到饲料中4个主要成分的最佳配比:猪肝2.0g、脱脂蝇蛆粉2.3g、蔗糖0.3g、鸡蛋黄1.7g。 相似文献
3.
Recognizing the potential significance of using nuclear techniques in biological control, investigations were conducted on the rearing of parasitoids of the peach fruit-fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae) to lead to a greater flexibility in the use of irradiated hosts. For improving mass production of the biological control agents, the use of irradiated fruit-fly larvae at the dose of 15 Gy proved useful for enhancing the parasitism and adult emergence of the larval parasitoid, Trybliographa daci (Weld) (Hymenoptera: Eucoilidae) due to no negative repercussions on parasitoid development. Overall, parasitism by the parasitoid increased with age of the host larvae; however, significantly higher parasitism occurred on 4 d-old irradiated larvae of B. zonata compared to those aged 5 d. The female parasitoids preferred the irradiated larvae, and significantly higher numbers of larvae were parasitized compared with non-irradiated larvae. There was no significant difference in adult parasitoid emergence with respect to the sex of the host. A radiation level of 80 Gy was the best dose for rearing of the pupal parasitoid, Dirhinus giffardii (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) owing to broad tolerances in the use of irradiation for the rearing of fruit-fly's parasitoids. Percentage parasitism by D. giffardii varied with host pupal age, and the preference of the female parasitoid was lower on 48 h old host pharate pupae due to optimum size and mass of host. Present findings further revealed that the 24 h old host pupae of B. zonata were relatively more suitable for the maximum parasitism and progeny production of D. giffardii. Parasitisms by D. giffardii and T. daci were significantly higher on B. zonata host when parasitoids were released at a density of 3000 individuals per acre (7500 per hectares) than the other release rates of parasitoids for the management of fruit-flies in mango orchards. The implementation of these findings ought to help improve the mass production of parasitoids and the effectiveness of releases of biocontrol agents for control of B. zonata in mango plantations. 相似文献
4.
人工卵饲养中华草蛉幼虫研究初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用啤酒酵母、大豆、牛肉水解物为主的饲料,制成蜡壳人工卵饲养中华草蛉(Chrysopa sinica)幼虫可以完成发育,但与用米蛾卵饲养的处理比较,幼虫历期延长,茧重减轻;对蛹历期、成茧率、羽化率、性比、产卵前期均无显著影响。将饲料制成人工卵的饲养结果比用泡沫塑料吸附法显著为好。部分龄期喂人工卵的比全幼虫期喂人工卵的影响为轻,一、二龄喂米蛾卵,三龄喂人工卵的处理,虽然对蛹重仍有影响,但在幼虫发育历期和成虫获得率上与全幼虫期喂米蛾卵的差异不显著。全幼虫期或部分龄期喂人工卵和全幼虫期喂米蛾卵饲养出来的草蛉成虫用啤酒酵母干粉作成虫饲料,30天内的产卵量差异不显著。据生防室以前的试验,三龄幼虫取食的米蛾卵量占全幼虫期总取食量的76%,因此一、二龄喂米蛾卵,三龄喂人工卵既不影响草蛉的繁殖力,又可节省大量米蛾卵,在生产实践上有应用价值。 相似文献
5.
为明确二化螟幼虫群集密度对种群增长的影响,在室内用人工饲料饲养比较了不同幼虫密度对二化螟生长发育的影响。结果表明,高幼虫密度800头/盒胁迫下,二化螟雌、雄幼虫和蛹的发育更快,其幼虫+蛹历期分别比低密度100头/盒处理要快8.0 d和6.0 d;化蛹率和羽化率较100头/盒处理分别显著下降了25.7和25.0个百分点,且雌、雄蛹重分别减少了9.4 mg和4.8 mg;但对二化螟成虫性比、寿命、产卵量和卵孵化率无显著影响。低密度100头/盒处理下二化螟幼虫发育最好,其种群增长指数为56.9,化蛹率达61.4%,羽化率达57.7%,雌、雄蛹重分别为58.3 mg和43.0 mg,但其幼虫+蛹历期较长,雌虫为58.5 d,雄虫为53.9 d。高密度800头/盒胁迫下二化螟幼虫发育最差,其种群增长指数仅为24.1,化蛹率仅为35.7%,羽化率为32.7%,雌、雄蛹重分别为48.9 mg和38.2 mg,但其幼虫+蛹历期较短,雌虫为50.5 d,雄虫为47.9 d。表明在恒定的空间和有限的食物中,幼虫密度过大会导致种内竞争加剧,使得幼虫可能倾向以更快的速度化蛹,确保其存活率以更好地繁殖后代。 相似文献
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7.
双条杉天牛Semanotus bifasciatus(Motschulsky)是柏科树木最严重的钻蛀性害虫之一。开发双条杉天牛的人工饲料是开展该害虫防治技术研究及生物学相关基础研究的重要条件。本研究在参考了其他天牛人工饲料配方的基础上,采用正交试验设计方法设计饲料配方,通过对不同配方饲料对双条杉天牛幼虫的饲养效果进行比较和极差分析,最终筛选出双条杉天牛幼虫的人工饲料最优组合为:琼脂4.7%、蔗糖3.5%、对-羟基苯甲酸甲酯0.5%、酵母粉3.1%、柏树木粉30%、抗坏血酸0.5%以及水。使用该人工饲料可将双条杉天牛幼虫成功喂养至羽化,并且蛹羽化率高达81.25%,总成活率为54.16%。本研究的结果可为天牛科其他天牛人工饲料的开发提供借鉴。 相似文献
8.
M. E. E. Mahmoud S. A. Mohamed F. M. Khamis M. A. I. Basher S. Ekesi 《EPPO Bulletin》2019,49(2):359-363
Bactrocera zonata is an alien fruit fly which was introduced into Sudan in 2012 and spread throughout the country, severely hampering the production and export of fruit and vegetable crops. Cataloguing indigenous natural enemies of pests, especially parasitoids, is key to successful biological control programmes, to mitigate damage and decrease reliance on insecticides. This study was conducted to determine the parasitoids of B. zonata in two orchards in Gezira State, Sudan from November 2015 to May 2016 and from February to December, 2016 and to determine their role in natural control of the pest. Three parasitoids emerged from puparia of B. zonata, these were: Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri (Eulophidae), an Aganaspis sp. (Figitidae: Eucoilinae) and a Psyttalia sp. (Braconidae Opiinae). Tetrastichus giffardianus was the most numerous parasitoid throughout the study period. The mean percentages of B. zonata from guava fruits that were parasitized by T. giffardianus for the whole study period were 13.7% and 13.2% with 3.1 ± 0.3 and 2.8 ± 2.4 parasitoids per puparium at Fadasi and Gazirat Elfil sites respectively. Data on the temporal abundance of T. giffardianus is presented. Strenuous efforts should be considered to involve the reported natural enemies of B. zonata in integrated management programmes for fruit flies in Sudan. 相似文献
9.
10.
Fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) of the genus Bactrocera are among the most serious orchard pests worldwide but are not native to Austria. The unexpected finding of one Bactrocera zonata adult in Vienna in 2011 initiated increasing survey efforts in Austria since 2012. Traps with male attracting lures were employed at several sites during the fruiting periods and catches were analysed. At sites in Vienna (urban area) Bactrocera specimens were trapped between 2012 and 2018, whereas no Bactrocera specimens were caught in agricultural areas or commercial orchards outside the city. Twelve specimens were identified as B. zonata and nine specimens as B. dorsalis sensu lato, though for the latter it was not possible to distinguish between B. dorsalis s.l. and B. carambolae using molecular analysis (ITS1). Molecular sequencing showed that the specimens caught were genetically different (with only a few exceptions), indicating genetically different origins. It is evident that the repeated findings of Bactrocera specimens in Vienna, where winter temperatures do not allow the establishment of tropical fruit flies, are linked to repeated entries of juveniles with infested fruits (in luggage or consignments). The results of our study reveal the need to strengthen phytosanitary import requirements for fruit commodities and travellers’ luggage in order to protect fruit production in Austria and probably in other countries. 相似文献
11.
The development of immature tiger-fly Coenosia attenuata (Stein) was examined when reared in coir substrate and fed third-instar larvae of the fungus gnat Bradysia impatiens (Johannsen). Single larvae of C. attenuata were fed 3, 5, 7 and 9 prey per day and two larvae were fed 6, 10, 14 and 18 prey per day. Optimal prey density was determined for larval developmental rate, time to adult eclosion, larval survival, and percentage of pupation. Other biological characteristics, such as pupal weight, pupal length, and adult body length, continued to increase with an increase in prey density. The use of coir for a rearing substrate resulted in a more efficient use of prey, less cannibalism, and improved developmental time, and survival than previously reported when agarose gel or a mixture of soil and coir were used for rearing substrates. These improvements in rearing methods are significant advancements for the use of C. attenuata as a biological control agent against whiteflies, leaf miners, fungus gnats and winged-aphids. Additionally, coir substrate serves as a mulch layer when fungus gnats are controlled with C. attenuata, such as Bradysia odoriphaga (Yang et Zhang) in Chinese chive, and B. impatiens in potted ornamental plants. 相似文献
12.
本文研究了日本通草蛉Chrysoperla nipponensis幼虫取食棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera、小地老虎Agrotisipsilon、甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua、斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura 4种鳞翅目害虫卵和棉蚜Aphis gossypii共5种食物时的生长发育、繁殖和飞行能力。结果表明：幼虫取食棉铃虫卵时发育历期最长（12.95 d）、蛹期最短（9.69 d）,取食棉蚜时发育历期最短（10.28 d）、蛹期最长（10.39 d）;幼虫食物对蛹重、成虫羽化率、产卵前期、产卵量和寿命均无显著影响（P〉0.05）。飞行能力测试中,幼虫食物显著影响成虫的累计飞行时间和平均飞行速度,而对成虫累计飞行距离则无显著影响;幼虫取食棉铃虫卵时成虫累计飞行时间最长（13.58 h）、飞行超过10 h的个体占60%,平均飞行速度最小（0.49 km h 1）、所有个体飞行速度均小于1.0 km h 1;取食棉蚜时成虫累计飞行时间最短（9.38 h）、飞行超过10 h的个体仅占36.85%,平均飞行速度最大（0.75 km h 1）、21.05%个体飞行速度大于1.0 km h 1。结果说明,幼虫食物是影响日本通草蛉个体发育和种群动态的重要因素之一。 相似文献
13.
沙芥田节肢动物群落多样性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解沙芥田节肢动物群落的结构组成及其多样性,于2013年5月至2013年8月采用目测法和网捕法对沙芥田节肢动物群落进行了系统研究。记录了该田节肢动物共10目44科74种,共计4 080号。其中半翅目和鳞翅目个体数量较多,占个体总数的70%以上,膜翅目和双翅目的丰富度较高。沙芥田节肢动物季节动态变化和多样性指数的变化说明,6月节肢动物个体数量和物种数最多,8月多样性指数和均匀度最大。将沙芥田节肢动物划分为不同的功能集团,并对其进行了多样性分析,结果表明,天敌集团在时间上的多样性指数较高,而害虫集团的个体数量在沙芥生长期各阶段均比其他集团高。其中,小菜蛾、黄曲条跳甲、桃蚜、萝卜蚜和甘蓝蚜为沙芥田的主要害虫,并在不同时期分别成为该田的优势种。本研究对了解沙芥田生态系统以及沙芥田害虫的综合治理具有重要作用。 相似文献
14.
椰心叶甲人工饲料的研制及应用效果评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了获得入侵害虫椰心叶甲Brontispa longissima(Gestro)的人工饲料,在分析其天然寄主叶片水分和营养成分基础上,借鉴其它鞘翅目昆虫人工饲料配方,进行椰心叶甲人工饲料的配制和筛选,并评价人工饲料饲养的椰心叶甲对其寄生蜂椰甲截脉姬小蜂Asecodes hispinarum和椰心叶甲啮小蜂Tetrastichus brontispae的适合性。人工饲料配方的成分:蔗糖4%、椰子粉2%、大豆粉2%、椰树叶粉10%、酵母2%、维生素E 0.3%、抗坏血酸0.2%、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯0.2%、琼脂4%、链霉素0.03%和水75%。用所配制的人工饲料饲养椰心叶甲初孵幼虫,其蛹成活率可达36%,蛹羽化率与对照无显著差异,均在90%以上;雌成虫占52.4%,与对照无显著差异。表明人工饲料饲养所得的椰心叶甲可用于其幼虫寄生蜂椰甲截脉姬小蜂和蛹寄生蜂椰心叶甲啮小蜂的扩繁。 相似文献
15.
Gallo MB Rocha WC da Cunha US Diogo FA da Silva FC Vieira PC Vendramim JD Fernandes JB da Silva MF Batista-Pereira LG 《Pest management science》2006,62(11):1072-1081
The effects of crude extracts, fractions and isolated compounds from Vitex polygama Cham. and Siphoneugena densiflora Berg were evaluated on the development of Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith, a destructive insect pest of corn and several other crops. The extracts and fractions were incorporated into an artificial diet at 1 mg g(-1) and offered to the insect during its larval stage. Length and viability of larval and pupal stages as well as pupal weight were assessed. Isolated compounds were tested through superficial contamination of the diet at 0.1 mg g(-1). Weight and viability of ten-day-old larvae were determined. Methanolic and hydroalcoholic S. densiflora extracts caused 100% larval mortality, while leaf and fruit hydroalcoholic extracts from V. polygama were the most active. Among the isolated compounds, flavonoids presented the best insecticidal results, and tannins the best larval growth inhibition. 相似文献
16.
The microsomal oxidase system in the flesh fly (Sarcophaga bullata Parker) and the black blow fly [Phormia regina (Meigen)] was examined using aldrin as substrate. In both species the oxidase requires NADPH and is inhibited by CO and by piperonyl butoxide. The enzyme activity changes significantly during larval development, reaching a maximum shortly before puparium formation then declining during the pupal stage and increasing again in adults. Dietary sodium phenobarbital at 0. 1– 0.5% increases the oxidase activity up to 60- and 56-fold in the larvae of blow flies and flesh flies, respectively. 相似文献
17.
实蝇类昆虫种类很多,其中地中海实蝇Ceratitis capitata、橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis、瓜实蝇B. cucurbitae等严重为害多类果蔬,造成巨大经济损失,是国际重要检疫性或入侵性害虫。目前,杀虫剂仍然是防治实蝇类害虫的重要手段,但是多种实蝇因已经产生抗药性而导致防治困难。在昆虫抗药性产生与发展中,解毒代谢家族基因起着十分重要的作用。本文综述了实蝇科重要经济性昆虫包括橘小实蝇、瓜实蝇、油橄榄果实蝇B. oleae、昆士兰果实蝇B. tryoni、辣椒果实蝇B. latifrons、桃果实蝇B. zonata、木瓜果实蝇B. papayae、杨桃果实蝇B. carambolae、柑橘大实蝇B. minax、地中海实蝇、苹绕实蝇Rhagoletis pomonella、雪果绕实蝇R. zephyria和泽兰始实蝇Procecidochares utilis等的细胞色素P450酶、酯酶、谷胱甘肽S转移酶、ABC转运蛋白这4类解毒代谢基因方面的研究进展,为全面深入了解研究实蝇科昆虫应对有毒有害物质的生理和遗传机制以及研发实蝇类害虫化学防治新策略、新技术等提供参... 相似文献
18.
R. B. Silva J. C. Zanuncio J. E. Serrão E. R. Lima M. L. C. Figueiredo I. Cruz 《Phytoparasitica》2009,37(2):115-123
The ladybug Eriopis connexa (Germar) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an important natural enemy of various pests. The potential of rearing it on 17 different
diets was evaluated. The percentage of E. connexa adults was higher when its larvae received only eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) after freezing for 1 day (92.5%) or combined in artificial diets with honey and water (82.5%
to 100.0%). The viability from larvae to adult was 72.5% with eggs of A. kuehniella (after 1 day’s freezing) plus an artificial diet based on pet food. No adults of E. connexa were obtained with artificial diets as a stand-alone food source. The duration of the larval period to adult of this predator
was longer, but with low viability, with only A. kuehniella eggs (after 6 months’ freezing) or with eggs + artificial diets. Eggs of A. kuehniella (after 1 day’s freezing) supplied separately or along with artificial diets were more appropriate to rear E. connexa and both diets can be used for mass rearing of this natural enemy. 相似文献
19.
温度对绿豆象种群增长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在实验室条件下以绿豆为食料饲养绿豆象,在20、25、30和35℃等4个温度条件下,逐日观察记录绿豆象产卵量、卵孵化数和成虫羽化数等生物学参数。结果表明,随着温度的升高,绿豆象卵期、豆内期、未成熟期、雄虫历期及雌虫历期逐渐缩短,温度从20℃升至35℃时,卵历期从18.33d缩短为4.40d,豆内期从36.43d缩短为15.20d,未成熟期从54.76d缩短至19.60d,雄虫历期从43.93d缩短至8.07d,雌虫历期从25.33d缩短至8.07d。在20℃下,绿豆象卵、豆内期及未成熟期存活率均最低,且与其他3个温度差异显著。在20℃下,绿豆象产卵历期最长,为20.67d,但总产卵量及雌性比例均较其他3个温度低,分别为43.33粒和33.27%。绿豆象卵、豆内期、未成熟期及整个世代的发育起点温度分别为14.69、11.11、12.03和13.73℃,有效积温分别为82.63、342.87、427.94和565.59日·度。在35℃时,绿豆象内禀增长率和周限增长率均最大,分别为0.044 58和1.045 58。研究结果表明,在30~35℃条件下,最有利于种群增长,为绿豆象发育的最适宜温度。 相似文献
20.
The fitness cost of spinosad resistance was investigated in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Laboratory experiments were conducted to compare relative fitness of H. armigera between the spinosad-susceptible and -resistant strains. During the experiments, the average development periods of the resistant
strain were lengthened by 4–5 days, reflected in a prolongation of egg, larval and pupal periods. Furthermore, pupal survival,
pupal weight, the mean life span of emerged adults, eggs laid and hatched decreased greatly in the resistant strain in comparison
with the susceptible strain. Other life-cycle parameters such as larval survival, larval wet weights, prepupal periods, pupation
ratio, and sex ratio did not change significantly. As a result, both net replacement rate (R
0) and intrinsic rate of increase (r
m) were reduced for the resistant strain. Our results clearly indicated that relative fitness of resistant individuals was
reduced in the absence of spinosad. Rational measures including pesticide rotations should be expected to delay development
of resistance to spinosad in H. armigera field populations from China. 相似文献