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烯酰吗啉在黄瓜和土壤中的残留量及消解动态研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
我们于2004-2005年在广东省广州市市郊进行了烯酰吗啉50%可湿性粉剂在黄瓜和土壤中残留消解动态和最终残留量的研究.结果表明,在处理剂量为300a.i.g/hm2、施药5次的情况下,药后3d烯酰吗啉在黄瓜中的最终残留量为0.02～0.21mg/kg,在土壤中的残留量为0.23mg/kg.研究表明烯酰吗啉在黄瓜和土壤中消解较快,其残留消解动态曲线符合化学反应一级动力学方程,在黄瓜上的半衰期分别为3.0d(2004)和0.78d(2005),在土壤中的半衰期为14.6d(2005). 相似文献
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烯酰吗啉在花椰菜上的残留行为及检测方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究烯酰吗啉在花椰菜上的残留消解动态及检测方法。采用田间试验和气相色谱分析方法,研究了烯酰吗啉在花椰菜上的消解动态和最终残留。烯酰吗啉在花椰菜植株中的回收率在77.7%~101.5%之间,相对标准偏差7.5%;在花椰菜中的回收率在77.3%~89.0%之间,相对标准偏差5.3%。最低检出限为1.0×10~(-8)mg,半衰期为4.6~5.4d。推荐烯酰吗啉在花椰菜上用药量不超过375g a.i./hm~2,每季最多使用3次,安全间隔期10d。 相似文献
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QuEChERS-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定黄瓜中10种农药残留 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
建立了黄瓜中氟啶虫酰胺、丁苯吗啉、氟吡菌酰胺、氟啶虫胺腈、环酰菌胺、氟吡菌胺、唑嘧菌胺、氟吗啉、烯肟菌酯和烯肟菌胺10种农药残留的QuEChERS-气相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。样品采用QuEChERS方法，经乙腈涡旋振荡提取，无水硫酸镁和氯化钠盐析后，取5 mL提取液，加入含125 mg PSA、900 mg无水MgSO4和25 mg GCB的组合净化剂进行净化，采用Agilent HP-5 MS Ultra Inert色谱柱分离，气相色谱-串联质谱仪多反应监测 (MRM) 模式测定，基质匹配标准曲线外标法定量。结果表明:在检测浓度范围内，10种农药的质量浓度与其对应的峰面积间呈良好线性关系，决定系数均大于0.99；10种农药的平均回收率在76%~105%之间，相对标准偏差在4.0%~12%之间，定量限在0.001~0.05 mg/kg之间。该方法简便、快速、可靠，适用于黄瓜中10种农药残留的快速检测和分析确证。 相似文献
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本文建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定豇豆中啶虫脒、阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、氟啶虫胺腈、灭蝇胺、苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯和烯酰吗啉残留量的方法。样品经乙腈提取,采用ACQUITY_UPLCTMBEH C18色谱柱分离,应用UPLC-MS/MS正离子扫描进行定性定量分析。结果表明,在0.01~1μg/mL范围内,8种农药色谱峰面积与浓度均呈线性相关;3个添加水平下,回收率均在90%以上;8种农药在豇豆中的检出限为0.08~1.81μg/kg,定量限为0.024~0.603μg/kg。在实际豇豆样品检测中检测到5种农药残留,本方法灵敏度高、速度快,可为检测豇豆中8种农药残留量提供参考。 相似文献
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为考察氯氰菊酯在茼蒿和油麦菜上的残留行为,于2016年在山西、山东、天津、安徽、云南和河南进行了氯氰菊酯在茼蒿和油麦菜上的规范残留田间试验。两种作物均包括6地的最终残留量试验和1地的消解动态试验。按照现行的蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留测定的国家标准方法对样品进行检测,对方法的有效性进行了评价。田间试验结果表明:氯氰菊酯在茼蒿和油麦菜上的消解动态均符合准一级动力学方程,消解半衰期分别为3.2 d和1.8 d。最后一次施药3、5和7 d后,氯氰菊酯在茼蒿上的残留中值分别为1.64、1.19和0.89 mg/kg,在油麦菜上的残留中值分别为0.84、0.50和0.28 mg/kg。结合不同试验点试验期间昼夜平均气温发现,气温对氯氰菊酯在茼蒿和油麦菜上的残留量有明显影响。施药期间较低的气温下,氯氰菊酯在茼蒿和油麦菜上消解缓慢,残留风险明显增大。建议在实际生产中遇到低温天气应适当延长采收间隔期,另外在开展农药残留田间试验时应重视气象条件对残留试验结果的影响。 相似文献
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本文采用气相色谱法,以邻苯二甲酸二正戊酯为内标,在DB-1色谱柱上对混剂中的甲霜灵.烯酰吗啉进行分离和定量。本方法中甲霜灵、烯酰吗啉的标准偏差分别为0.02、0.03;变异系数分别为0.25%、0.14%;平均回收率分别为99.07%、99.05%:线性相关系数分别为r甲霜灵=0.999 9,r烯酰吗啉=0.999 9。 相似文献
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2016年于湖南、山东等六地进行了马拉硫磷在莴笋中的规范性残留试验,建立了气相色谱-火焰光度检测器(GC-FPD)测定马拉硫磷在莴笋样品中的残留分析方法,并对我国各类人群的膳食摄入风险进行了评估。样品采用乙腈提取,丙酮置换净化、GC-FPD检测,结果表明:当马拉硫磷在莴笋全株、茎和叶中的添加浓度为0.02~8.0mg/kg时,其回收率在83%~108%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在1%~6%之间;马拉硫磷的最小检出量(LOD)为1.0×10~(-11)g,定量限(LOQ)均为0.02mg/kg。湖南和山东莴笋全株中马拉硫磷的消解动态试验结果显示,马拉硫磷的半衰期为1.75~2.27d,属于易降解农药;六地的最终残留试验结果表明,最后一次施用马拉硫磷5、7、10d后,莴笋茎中的最终残留量≤0.509mg/kg,莴笋叶中的最终残留量≤5.670mg/kg。莴笋的膳食风险评估结果显示,我国各类人群对马拉硫磷在莴笋茎和莴笋叶中的国家估计每日摄入量(NEDI)分别为0.115~0.445μg/(kg·d)和1.042~5.583μg/(kg·d),风险商值(RQ)分别为0.000 4~0.001 5和0.003 5~0.018 6,证明马拉硫磷在莴笋中的长期膳食摄入风险较低。推荐我国马拉硫磷在莴笋茎和莴笋叶上的最大残留限量值(MRL)分别为1 mg/kg和10mg/kg。 相似文献
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M. Verbeek A. M. Dullemans P. J. van Bekkum R. A. A. van der Vlugt 《Plant pathology》2013,62(2):444-451
Lettuce big‐vein associated virus (LBVaV, genus Varicosavirus) was shown to be responsible for characteristic necrotic symptoms observed in combination with big‐vein symptoms in lettuce breeding lines when tested for their susceptibility to lettuce big‐vein disease (BVD) using viruliferous Olpidium virulentus spores in a nutrient film technique (NFT) system. Lettuce plants showing BVD are generally infected by two viruses: Mirafiori lettuce big‐vein virus (MiLBVV, genus Ophiovirus) and LBVaV. New mechanical inoculation methods were developed to separate the two viruses from each other and to transfer both viruses to indicator plants and lettuce. After mechanical inoculation onto lettuce plants MiLBVV induced vein‐band chlorosis, which is the characteristic symptom of BVD. LBVaV caused a syndrome of necrotic spots and rings which was also observed earlier in lettuce plants inoculated in the NFT system, resembling symptoms described for lettuce ring necrosis disease (RND). This observation is in contrast with the idea that LBVaV only causes latent infections in lettuce. De novo next‐generation sequencing demonstrated that LBVaV was the only pathogen present in a mechanically inoculated lettuce plant with symptoms, providing evidence that LBVaV was the causal agent of the observed necrotic syndrome and thus fulfilling Koch’s postulates for this virus. The necrotic syndrome caused by LBVaV in lettuce is referred to as LBVaV‐associated necrosis (LAN). 相似文献
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板兰根中三种拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的残留分析 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
研究了板蓝根中3种拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂残留分析方法。以石油醚为萃取溶剂，分别用索氏抽 提法、浸渍振荡法、超声波法提取。提取液经100 mL丙酮∶0.05 mol/L氯化钙溶液(1∶1)液 -液分配净化后，以弗罗里硅土柱净化，5%乙酸乙酯-石油醚淋洗，气相色谱法电子捕获检 测器测定。结果表明，方法的线性范围为0.4×10-10～4×10-10g，氯氰菊酯 、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯最低检测浓度分别为5×10-3、5×10-3、2×10-3 mg/kg。3种提取方法对板蓝根的添加回收率、变异系数符合农药残留分析的要求。 相似文献
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安全剂AD-67减轻单嘧磺隆对高粱药害的作用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用生物测定的方法对安全剂AD-67保护高粱免受单嘧磺隆药害进行研究,并对其保护作用的机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明:单嘧磺隆在浓度0.05～0.2mg/kg时,对高粱的生长有较为强烈的抑制作用;当AD-67的浓度在0.5～10mg/kg时,能不同程度地缓解单嘧磺隆对高粱的药害。在单嘧磺隆毒土浓度为0.05mg/kg时,使用5mg/kgAD-67浸种处理,高粱的主根长、株高和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量分别是对照(CK)的118.45%、107.47%和108.33%。AD-67能够提高单嘧磺隆处理后的高粱幼苗中的GSH含量,促进单嘧磺隆与GSH的轭合作用,这是安全剂AD-67保护高粱免受单嘧磺隆药害的重要途径之一。 相似文献
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Analyses of Lettuce Drop Incidence and Population Structure of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor
ABSTRACT To understand the geographical distribution of lettuce drop incidence and the structure of Sclerotinia minor and S. sclerotiorum populations, commercial lettuce fields were surveyed in the Salinas, San Joaquin, and Santa Maria Valleys in California. Lettuce drop incidence, pathogen species, and mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs) were determined and analyzed using geostatistic and geographical information system tools. Lettuce drop incidence was lowest in the San Joaquin Valley, and not significantly different between the other two valleys. Semivariogram analysis revealed that lettuce drop incidence was not spatially correlated between different fields in the Salinas Valley, suggesting negligible field-to-field spread or influence of inoculum in one field on other fields. Lettuce drop incidence was significantly lower in fields with a surface drip system than in fields with furrow or sprinkler irrigation systems, suggesting that the surface drip system can be a potential management measure for reducing lettuce drop. In the San Joaquin Valley, S. sclerotiorum was the prevalent species, causing drop in 63.5% of the fields, whereas S. minor also was identified in 25.4% of the fields. In contrast, in the Salinas Valley, S. minor was the dominant species (76.1%) whereas S sclerotiorum only observed in only 13.6% fields, in which only a few plants were infected by S. sclerotiorum. In the Santa Maria Valley, both species frequently were identified, with S. minor being slightly more common. Although many MCGs were identified in S. minor, most of them consisted of only one or two isolates. In all, approximately 91.4% of the isolates belonged to four MCGs. Among them, MCG-1 was the most prevalent group in all three valleys, accounting for 49.8% of total isolates. It was distributed all over the surveyed areas, whereas other MCGs were distributed more or less locally. Populations of S. sclerotiorum exhibited greater diversity, with 89 isolates collected from the Salinas and San Joaquin Valleys belonging to 37 different MCGs. Among them, the most recurrent MCG-A contained 16 isolates, and 30 MCGs contained only 1 isolate each. Many MCGs occurred within only one or a part of the two valleys. Potential reasons for this abundant diversity are discussed. 相似文献
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Lettuce mosaic virus 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) is an economically significant virus of lettuce and endive. The virus has spread world-wide due to the exchange of seed of lettuce varieties. A very high proportion of infected plants may result from a low level of infected seed, because of very efficient transmission by a number of aphid species. The symptoms are characteristic but the diagnosis can be difficult, particularly on lettuce, because numerous viruses may coinfect this species. A very reliable and sensitive method by ELISA has been established for diagnosis and detection, which gives a good estimation ofthe contamination level in a seed batch. The use of virus-free seed, preventive cultural practices and the use of tolerant varieties were shown to be good methods for control if rigorously applied. Up to now, strains able to overcome the genes g and mo, considered to be identical, were shown to be non-seed-transmissible. Studies carried out with several virulent isolates have shown that genes mo and g are different and probably allelic, and that one strain infects seed at a very high level on susceptible and tolerant genotypes. These features have necessitated the production of virus-free seed, including systematic checks on all cultivars, and have stimulated research on new sources of resistance. Recent molecular studies have provided clones for detection and strain differentiation. Assays to introduce different LMV genes into lettuce seem promising. 相似文献
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Mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus (MLBVV) and Lettuce big-vein associated virus (LBVaV) are found in association with big-vein disease of lettuce. Discrimination between the two viruses is critical for elucidating the etiology of big-vein disease. Using specific antibodies to MLBVV and LBVaV for western blotting and exploiting differences between MLBVV and LBVaV in host reaction of cucumber and temperature dependence in lettuce, we separated the two viruses by transfering each virus from doubly infected lettuce plants to cucumber or lettuce plants. A virus-free fungal isolate was allowed to acquire the two viruses individually or together. To confirm the separation, zoospores from MLBVV-, LBVaV-, and dually infected lettuce plants were used for serial inoculations of lettuce seedlings 12 successive times. Lettuce seedlings were infected at each transfer either with MLBVV alone, LBVaV alone, or both viruses together, depending on the virus carried by the vector. Lettuce seedlings infected with MLBVV alone developed the big-vein symptoms, while those infected with LBVaV alone developed no symptoms. In field surveys, MLBVV was consistently detected in lettuce plants from big-vein-affected fields, whereas LBVaV was detected in lettuce plants not only from big-vein-affected fields but also from big-vein-free fields. LBVaV occurred widely at high rates in winter-spring lettuce-growing regions irrespective of the presence of MLBVV and, hence, of the presence of the big-vein disease. 相似文献
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以小鼠为动物模型,在饲料中添加分离纯化虎尾轮根的黄酮类化合物,研究其对小鼠肝脏功能的影响。取体重为（20±2）g小鼠84只,随机分为6组,即：空白对照组,模型组,阳性对照组即联苯双酯组（150 mg/kg）,以及虎尾轮黄酮高、中、低剂量组（450,300,150 mg/kg）,连续给药21 d。以四氯化碳（CCl4）进行建模,采集小鼠血清及肝组织匀浆液进行T-AOC、ALB、TP、AST、ALT、MDA、SOD、GSH-Px等指标的检测;取小鼠肝脏进行组织切片观察。结果表明,（1）与模型组比较,虎尾轮黄酮各剂量组均能分别显著（P〈0.05）或极显著（P〈0.01）地提高小鼠SOD、T-AOC、GSH-Px、ALB、TP水平和降低AST、ALT、MDA水平;（2）各剂量组肉眼观察无明显的病理变化,对各试验组的肝脏组织显微结构进行比较,发现虎尾轮黄酮各剂量组对CCl4引起的肝损伤有不同程度的恢复,保肝护肝作用明显。可见虎尾轮黄酮对小鼠的肝损伤有显著保护作用。 相似文献