共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 703 毫秒
1.
艾比湖最低生态水位研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
艾比湖最低生态水位的研究对解决流域生态退化问题具有重要现实意义。参考前人所提出的几种确定湖泊最低生态水位的方法,结合艾比湖流域实际情况对艾比湖最低生态水位进行了分析和计算,计算结果表明:艾比湖最低生态水位的范围为191.4m,相应湖面面积为570km2,从保护艾比湖湿地自然保护区的角度看,确定的最低生态水位合理。 相似文献
2.
新疆平原湖泊最优运行水位评价指标体系初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
上世纪中叶以来,在人类活动和气候变化的双重影响下,新疆大多数平原湖泊咸化、萎缩甚至干涸,湖泊生态环境严重恶化。近十年以来,在全球气候普遍变暖的情况下,新疆气候逐渐向暖湿转变[1],气温升高、降水增加,部分湖泊水域又呈扩大趋势,给湖泊水资源的可持续利用带来新的挑战。如何确定湖泊最优运行水位,是实现湖泊水资源可持续利用的首要问题。本文旨在通过总结与分析影响新疆平原湖泊水位的因素及湖泊水位变化对湖区生态环境和社会济发展的影响,来构建新疆平原湖泊最优运行水位的评价指标体系。 相似文献
3.
新疆艾比湖流域植物区系研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
艾比湖流域目前生态环境问题很严重,突出表现在:盐尘暴天气增多、艾比湖湖面缩小、沙漠化、生物多样性降低、水资源利用不合理、水体污染等。这些对天山北坡经济带会产生威胁,所以对艾比湖流域进行生物多样性研究有重大意义,是非常必需的。对此我们在艾比湖流域进行野外调查,并整理和鉴定植物标本,艾比湖流域共有高等植物1178种,隶属79科440属,其中蕨类植物7科,9属,15种,裸子植物3科,4属,7种,被子植物69科,427属,1156种,其中有2个特有种:艾比湖桦(Betula ebinuricum),艾比湖沙拐枣(Calligonum ebi-nuricumIvanova)。对艾比湖流域的植被进行了地理区系成分分析,结果表明:艾比湖流域治污区系成分复杂,分属于20个类型,以中亚成分、欧亚成分和北温带成分占优势,表明新疆种子植物区系特征与本地区所处的气候带、地理位置及其地史变迁是一致的。这可为艾比湖流域生物多样性研究、生物资源的合理开发和流域生态环境治理提供参考依据。 相似文献
4.
艾比湖生态危机及恢复重建措施 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
周长海 《干旱区资源与环境》2003,17(2):71-77
艾比湖是新疆最大的盐水湖。近50年来,湖区经历了一个由急剧退缩到趋于稳定的变化过程,本文在解剖流域生态环境系统的基础上,阐述导致流域生态恶化的因素以及湖泊与全球气候变化的响应关系,并提出生态恢复重建措施。 相似文献
5.
在RS和GIS技术的支持下,以艾比湖流域典型区域1990、1998、2011、2013年的四期Landsat影像为数据源,利用ENVI4.8得到艾比湖流域典型区域4个时期的土地利用/覆盖类型转移矩阵,并对土地利用面积变化量进行分析,利用土地资源数量变化指数单一土地利用类型动态度和区域土地利用综合动态度模型对土地利用问题进行信息的提取,借助景观生态学软件Fragstats3.3进行景观指数的计算,深入探讨了近20年来艾比湖流域典型区域景观格局的时空动态变化。从景观和斑块尺度上分析了1990~2013年艾比湖流域典型区域景观格局变化的整体特征和空间异质性。结果表明:从1990~2013年耕地面积不断增加且幅度最大,增加134354.07hm~2,其他地类的面积有所减少;各地类景观斑块数持续增加,斑块形状趋于不规则化,整体景观趋于破碎化;景观香农多样性指数在2011年出现最高值1.5173,景观丰富度在这一年最明显。该研究对艾比湖流域土地利用动态及环境演变等研究有着非常重要的意义。 相似文献
6.
新疆湖泊沉积记录的气候水文变化及其环境效应 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在综合分析湖泊沉积记录的西北干旱区全新世气候特征及演变规律基础上,对新疆不同时间尺度上湖泊的水文变化进行了研究.新疆不同地区全新世气候环境存在差异,北疆全新世主要经历了早期温干、中期暖湿以及后期温十的气候演化过程,但不同湖泊记录的气候转型时间有所差别.南疆全新世以来湖泊记录研究较少,对气候演变规律有不同的认识,但中全新世暖湿气候特征具有一致性.根据近千年来的湖泊沉积记录研究,近百年来新疆处于暖干化阶段.总体来看,全新世以来湖泊水位出现了明显的波动.并呈现总体下降的趋势.然而,近50年来,随着流域人口增加、社会经济发展等强烈的人类活动影响,造成流域水资源的匮乏,导致湖面的快速萎缩,引起严重的区域环境问题.地质历史时期的湖面升降,敏感地体现了气候的波动过程,由气候因子波动及人类活动趋势分析,新疆湖泊水面将继续萎缩. 相似文献
7.
艾比湖地区土壤盐分对湖岸植被分布格局的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
艾比湖地区生态环境的不断变化已成为人们关注的问题。中国科学院、北京大学及新疆有关科研单位在艾比湖地区组织了综合考察,对艾比湖的历史演变、自然概况、地理、气候及资源利用等方面进行了较深入的研究。笔者于1987年两次赴艾比湖地区进行考察,试从植物生态理论的角度,对艾比湖地区土壤盐分对湖岸植被分布格局的影响进行初步探讨。 相似文献
8.
新疆艾比湖流域生态环境空间分异特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文着重从地质地貌、气候、植被、土壤及水环境等方面对艾比湖流域生态环境空间分异规律以及相互之间的联系,将有助于深刻了解该流域生态环境形成和演化的自然背景和各种资源组合的规律,这是解决艾比湖流域生态环境恶化问题关键出发点。综合分析艾比湖流域生态环境空间分异的气候、地质构造和地貌演化、地表水和地下水水文化学性质、土壤性状和水资源供应状况等自然地理要素,为该流域合理开发和配置各种资源提供理论依据,以保证该流域各种资源的可持续利用和生态环境的改善。 相似文献
9.
青海湖水位下降与湖区生态环境演变研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
郭武 《干旱区资源与环境》1997,11(2):75-80
研究了青海湖水位的变化情况，并对湖水位升降的原因进行了分析，认为青海湖萎缩是由于气候暖干化所致，再加上近几十年人类活动的影响，致使湖区生态环境进一步恶化。这些研究有助于掌握青海湖水位的升降和湖区生态环境状况，为防治青海湖萎缩和综合治理青海湖流域的生态环境问题提供依据。 相似文献
10.
11.
Lake surface area method to define minimum ecological lake level from level-area-storage curves 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
SongHao SHANG 《干旱区科学》2013,(2):133-142
Lake level assessment is essential for the protection of ecosystem in shrunk or shrinking lakes. Minimum ecological lake level is the critical lake level below which there should be no human activities to further decrease the lake level, and this level can provide a certain protection for the lake ecosystem. Lake surface area method was proposed to define the minimum ecological lake storage as the breakpoint of the lake surface area-storage curve, where the curve slope equals to the ratio of maximum lake surface area to maximum lake storage. If the curve can be expressed as a simple analytical function, the minimum ecological lake storage can be calculated analytically. Otherwise, it can be calculated numerically using the ideal point method for an equivalent multi-objective optimization model that balances ecosystem protection and water use. Then the minimum ecological lake level can be estimated from the lake level-storage curve. Compared with available lake morphology analysis methods, the lake surface area method is superior in its definition of minimum ecological lake level, applicable range of lake morphology, and calculation complexity. The proposed method was applied to two representative lakes in China, including one freshwater lake (the Dongting Lake in Hunan province in Central China) and one saltwater lake (the Ebinur Lake in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region in Northwest China). The estimated minimum ecological lake level for the Dongting Lake is 26.7 m, at which 31% of the maximum lake storage provides 87% of the maximum lake surface area. The result for the Ebinur Lake is 191.2 m, at which 24% of the maximum lake storage provides 54% of the maximum lake surface area. The estimated minimum ecological lake level balances the conflict between economical and ecological water uses, and can provide a relatively larger habitat for the lake ecosystem with relatively smaller lake storage. These results are rational compared with the results of other methods. The calculated minimum ecological lake level can be used in the protection of lake ecosystems and the planning and rational use of water resources in lake basins. 相似文献
12.
WANG Yuejian 《干旱区科学》2021,13(6):581-598
Changing climatic conditions and extensive human activities have influenced the global water cycle. In recent years, significant changes in climate and land use have degraded the watershed ecosystem of the Ebinur Lake Basin in Xinjiang, Northwest China. In this paper, variations of runoff, temperature, precipitation, reference evapotranspiration, lake area, socio-economic water usage, groundwater level and water quality in the Ebinur Lake Basin from 1961 to 2015 were systematically analyzed by the Mann-Kendall test methods(M-K) mutation test, the cumulative levelling method, the climate-sensitive method and land-use change index. In addition, we evaluated the effects of human activities on land use change and water quality. The results reveal that there was a significant increase in temperature and precipitation from 1961 to 2015, despite a decrease in reference evapotranspiration. The Wenquan station was not significantly affected by human activities as it is situated at a higher altitude. Runoff at this station increased significantly with climate warming. In contrast, runoff at the Jinghe station was severely affected by numerous human activities. Runoff decreased without obvious fluctuations. The contributions of climate change to runoff variation at the Jinghe and Wenquan stations were 46.87% and 58.94%, respectively; and the contributions of human activities were 53.13% and 41.06%, respectively. Land-use patterns in the basin have changed significantly between 1990 and 2015: urban and rural constructed lands, saline-alkali land, bare land, cultivated land, and forest land have expanded, while areas under grassland, lake, ice/snow and river/channel have declined. Human activities have dramatically intensified land degradation and desertification. From 1961 to 2015, both the inflow into the Ebinur Lake and the area of the lake have declined year by year; groundwater levels have dropped significantly, and the water quality has deteriorated during the study period. In the oasis irrigation area below the runoff pass, human activities mainly influenced the utilization mode and quantity of water resources. Changes in the hydrology and quantity of water resources were driven primarily by the continuous expansion of cultivated land and oasis, as well as the growth of population and the construction of hydraulic engineering projects. After 2015, the effects of some ecological protection projects were observed. However, there was no obvious sign of ecological improvement in the basin, and some environmental problems continue to persist. On this basis, this study recommends that the expansion of oasis should be limited according to the carrying capacity of the local water bodies. Moreover, in order to ensure the ecological security of the basin, it is necessary to determine the optimal oasis area for sustainable development and improve the efficiency of water resources exploitation and utilization. 相似文献
13.
A general multi-objective programming model for minimum ecological flow or water level of inland water bodies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
SongHao SHANG 《干旱区科学》2015,7(2):166-176
Assessment of ecological flow or water level for water bodies is important for the protection of degraded or degrading ecosystems caused by water shortage in arid regions, and it has become a key issue in water resources planning. In the past several decades, many methods have been proposed to assess ecological flow for rivers and ecological water level for lakes or wetlands. To balance water uses by human and ecosystems, we proposed a general multi-objective programming model to determine minimum ecological flow or water level for inland water bodies, where two objectives are water index for human and habitat index for ecosystems, respectively. Using the weighted sum method for multi-objective optimization, minimum ecological flow or water level can be determined from the breakpoint in the water index–habitat index curve, which is similar to the slope method to determine minimum ecological flow from wetted perimeter–discharge curve. However, the general multi-objective programming model is superior to the slope method in its physical meaning and calculation method. This model provides a general analysis method for ecological water uses of different inland water bodies, and can be used to define minimum ecological flow or water level by choosing appropriate water and habitat indices. Several commonly used flow or water level assessment methods were found to be special cases of the general model, including the wetted perimeter method and the multi-objective physical habitat simulation method for ecological river flow, the inundated forest width method for regeneration flow of floodplain forest and the lake surface area method for ecological lake level. These methods were applied to determine minimum ecological flow or water level for two representative rivers and a lake in northern Xinjiang of China, including minimum ecological flow for the Ertix River, minimum regeneration flow for floodplain forest along the midstream of Kaxgar River, and minimum ecological lake level for the Ebinur Lake. The results illustrated the versatility of the general model, and can provide references for water resources planning and ecosystem protection for these rivers and lake. 相似文献
14.
博斯腾湖湖水污染现状分析 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16
作为全国最大的内陆淡水湖—博斯腾湖是新疆南疆地区的焉耆盆地、库尔勒市和尉犁县的工农业生产及人民生活的主要的水源 ,同时也是塔里木河下游生态应急输水的直接水源。近四十年来 ,随着人类社会经济活动强度的不断加大 ,博斯腾湖正在受到绿洲中高矿化度农田排水和工矿企业污水的污染 ,湖水水质正在不断恶化 ,并由此带来了严重的环境问题 ,突出表现在土地盐渍化、湿地退化、芦苇长势和水产减产。通过一年多对博斯腾湖的动态监测 ,我们发现博斯腾湖的污染物入湖量远大于出湖量 ,目前湖水仍然处在一个污染物的积累过程中 ,从污染物的含量看 ,工业和生活污染物含量相对较低 ,湖水污染主要是农田洗盐后的高矿化度污水 ;从污染区域看 ,污染最严重的水域在黄水区 ,该区接纳了全湖总入湖污染物近八成的污染物。为了今后新疆南疆地区实现社会经济的可持续发展 ,必须高度重视博斯腾湖的水污染问题。 相似文献
15.
保护艾比湖生态环境的目标与途径的探讨 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
贾宝全 《干旱区资源与环境》1997,11(2):81-87
本文通过对艾比湖生态环境现状的具体分析，从绿洲外环境与绿洲内部环境两个方面对该地环境整治的目标与途径进行了探讨。认为，要保持该地生态环境不再恶化，必须保证该湖５００ｋｍ２左右的水面面积。资料分析表明，近期（公元２０００年）经济开发方案可满足此目标；远景年（公元２０２０年）时，必须考虑跨流域调水方能满足此目标。文章最后还就该地绿洲环境生态建设问题提出了如下意见：１．调整绿洲内部作物结构，扩大苜蓿和枸杞种植面积；２．改造中低产田，提高绿洲生产力，维持其稳定性；３．提高水资源利用率；４．加强农田防护林体系建设，力争早日达到覆盖率为６％的优化目标。 相似文献
16.
艾比湖湿地泥炭土壤养分特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以新疆艾比湖湿地泥炭土壤为研究对象,结合分析化学的手段,对泥炭土壤中的有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、有效磷等养分含量、空间分布特征进行测定与统计分析。结果表明:土壤有机质、碱解氮含量呈现出较强的表聚性,养分含量中有机质含量较高;其它养分含量较低;泥炭土壤中表层土壤有机质与碱解氮、速效钾、有效磷存在显著相关性,泥炭深层土壤的有机质与碱解氮、有效磷相关性较强;空间变异特征显示,土壤各养分指标均表现为中等空间变异特征。 相似文献
17.
艾比湖水位变化对湖滨湿地盐渍化的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过比较2000～2005年艾比湖水域及湖滨盐渍化土地的变化特点,分析了艾比湖水位变化对湖滨湿地盐渍化的影响机制和影响方式。发现个别年份艾比湖水位上升所形成的大水面虽然可以在短时间内覆盖原有的盐渍化土地而使盐渍化总面积减少,但水位急剧上升同时也是导致湖滨土地盐渍化面积扩大、程度加剧的根本原因。要想减轻艾比湖湿地盐渍化程度加重所带来的危害,保证艾比湖拥有一个稳定的水位是根本的出路。 相似文献