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1.
The impact of land use change on soil organic carbon and labile organic carbon stocks in the Longzhong region of Loess Plateau 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
LiHua ZHANG 《干旱区科学》2012,4(3):241-250
Land use change (LUC) is widely recognized as one of the most important driving forces of global carbon cycles. The soil organic carbon (SOC) and labile organic carbon (LOC) stores were investigated at arable land (AL), artificial grassland (AG), artificial woodland (AW), abandoned arable land (AAL) and desert steppe (DS) in the Longzhong region of the Loess Plateau in Northwest China. The results showed that conversions from DS to AL, AL to AG and AL to AAL led to an increase in SOC content, while the conversion from DS to AW led to a decline. The differences in SOC content were significant between DS and AW at the 20-40 cm depth and between AL and AG at the 0-10 cm depth. The SOC stock in DS at the 0-100 cm depth was 39.4 t/hm 2 , increased by 28.48% after cultivation and decreased by 19.12% after conversion to AW. The SOC stocks increased by 2.11% from AL to AG and 5.10% from AL to AAL. The LOC stocks changed by a larger magnitude than the SOC stocks, which suggests that it is a more sensitive index of carbon dynamics under a short-term LUC. The LOC stocks increased at 0-20 cm and 0-100 cm depths from DS to AW, which is opposite to that observed for SOC. The proportion of LOC to SOC ranged from 0.14 to 0.20 at the 0-20 cm depth for all the five land use types, indicating low SOC dynamics. The allocation proportion of LOC increased for four types of LUC conversion, and the change in magnitude was largest for DS to AW (40.91%). The afforestation, abandonment and forage planting on arable land led to sequestration of SOC; the carbon was lost initially after afforestation. However, the carbon sink effect after abandonment may not be sustainable in the study area. 相似文献
2.
Effects of long-term fertilization on oxidizable organic carbon fractions on the Loess Plateau,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
DING Shaonan 《干旱区科学》2016,8(4):579-590
The effects of long-term fertilization on pools of soil organic carbon(SOC)have been well studied,but limited information is available on the oxidizable organic carbon(OOC)fractions,especially for the Loess Plateau in China.We evaluated the effects of a 15-year fertilization on the OOC fractions(F1,F2,F3 and F4)in the 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers in flat farmland under nine treatments(N(nitrogen,urea),P(phosphorus,monocalcium phosphate),M(organic fertilizer,composted sheep manure),N+P(NP),M+N(MN),M+P(MP),M+N+P(MNP),CK(control,no fertilizer)and bare land(BL,no crops or fertilizer)).SOC content increased more markedly in the treatment containing manure than in those with inorganic fertilizers alone.F1,F2,F4 and F3 accounted for 47%,27%,18% and 8% of total organic carbon,respectively.F1 was a more sensitive index than the other C fractions in the sensitivity index(SI)analysis.F1 and F2 were highly correlated with total nitrogen(TN)and available nitrogen(AN),F3 was negatively correlated with p H and F4 was correlated with TN.A cluster analysis showed that the treatments containing manure formed one group,and the other treatments formed another group,which indicated the different effects of fertilization on soil properties.Long-term fertilization with inorganic fertilizer increased the F4 fraction while manure fertilizer not only increased labile fractions(F1)in a short time,but also increased passive fraction(F4)over a longer term.The mixed fertilizer mainly affected F3 fraction.The study demonstrated that manure fertilizer was recommended to use in the farmland on the Loess Plateau for the long-term sustainability of agriculture. 相似文献
3.
In the last few decades, the Loess Plateau had experienced an extensive vegetation restoration to reduce soil erosion and to improve the degraded ecosystems. However, the dynamics of ecosystem carbon stocks with vegetation restoration in this region are poorly understood. This study examined the changes of carbon stocks in mineral soil(0–100 cm), plant biomass and the ecosystem(plant and soil) following vegetation restoration with different models and ages. Our results indicated that cultivated land returned to native vegetation(natural restoration) or artificial forest increased ecosystem carbon sequestration. Tree plantation sequestered more carbon than natural vegetation succession over decades scale due to the rapid increase in biomass carbon pool. Restoration ages had different effects on the dynamics of biomass and soil carbon stocks. Biomass carbon stocks increased with vegetation restoration age, while the dynamics of soil carbon stocks were affected by sampling depth. Ecosystem carbon stocks consistently increased after tree plantation regardless of the soil depth; but an initial decrease and then increase trend was observed in natural restoration chronosequences with the soil sampling depth of 0–100 cm. Moreover, there was a time lag of about 15–30 years between biomass production and soil carbon sequestration in 0–100 cm, which indicated a long-term effect of vegetation restoration on deeper soil carbon sequestration. 相似文献
4.
退耕年限与方式对土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳分布的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以黄土高原南部退耕还林年限6 a(FL06)和15 a(FL15)刺槐林地、退耕还草年限6 a(GL06)和15 a(GL15)紫花苜蓿草地为研究对象,以临近长期耕作坡耕地(CK)作为对照,采用湿筛法,分离出2 mm、1~2 mm、0.5~1 mm、0.25~0.5 mm和0.25 mm 5个粒级的水稳性团聚体,研究了退耕年限与方式对团聚体稳定性和不同粒径团聚体有机碳分布的影响。结果表明:在0~20 cm土层,退耕还林还草与未退耕相比能显著提高2 mm和1~2 mm粒径团聚体含量,显著减少0.25 mm粒径团聚体含量,其中对于2 mm和1~2 mm粒径团聚体在不同退耕年限与方式下含量表现为GL15GL06FL06FL15CK和GL15FL06GL06FL15CK;退耕还林和还草增加了两个土层的团聚体稳定性,GL15的平均重量直径(MWD)值和几何平均直径(GMD)值均最大,土壤结构最稳定,其次为GL06;不同退耕年限,2 mm粒径下退耕还林地和还草地、1~2 mm粒径下退耕还草地团聚体有机碳含量均随退耕年限的延长而增加。20~40 cm土层中,团聚体含量均值随粒径的减小而增加;MWD和GMD值均小于0~20 cm层;各粒径范围内退耕还林与还草后的团聚体有机碳含量与坡耕地相比总体表现出减小的趋势。研究结果表明,退耕改善了土壤结构,对各粒径团聚体有机碳含量分布的影响随退耕年限与方式不同效应各异,且GL15相较于其它退耕年限和方式下的样地有更好的土壤团聚体稳定性和更多的团聚体有机碳积累。 相似文献
5.
Amrith S Gunasekara Imma Donna P dela Cruz Matthew J Curtis Victor P Claassen Ronald S Tjeerdema 《Pest management science》2009,65(6):711-716
BACKGROUND: Clomazone is a herbicide used to control broadleaf weeds and grasses. Clomazone use in agriculturally important crops and forests for weed control has increased and is a potential water contaminant given its high water solubility (1100 µg mL?1). Soil sorption is an environmental fate parameter that may limit its movement to water systems. The authors used model rice and forest soils of California to test clomazone sorption affinity, capacity, desorption, interaction with soil organic matter and behavior with black carbon. RESULTS: Sorption of clomazone to the major organic matter fraction of soil, humic acid (HA) (Kd = 29–87 L kg?1), was greater than to whole soils (Kd = 2.3–11 L kg?1). Increased isotherm non‐linearity was observed for the whole soils (N = 0.831–0.893) when compared with the humic acids (N = 0.954–0.999). Desorption isotherm results showed hysteresis, which was greatest at the lowest solution concentration of 0.067 µg mL?1 for all whole soils and HA extracts. Aliphatic carbon content appeared to contribute to increased isotherm linearity. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that clomazone does not sorb appreciably to sandy or clay soils. Its sorption affinity and capacity is greater in humic acid, and consequently clomazone has difficulty desorbing from soil organic matter. Sorption appears to follow processes explained by the dual‐mode model, the presence of fire residues (black carbon) and a recently proposed sorption mechanism. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
6.
Gravel–sand mulch has been used for centuries to conserve water in the Loess Plateau of northwestern China. In this study, we assessed the influence of long-term(1996–2012) gravel–sand mulching of cultivated soils on total organic carbon(TOC), light fraction organic carbon(LFOC), microbial biomass carbon(MBC), total organic nitrogen(TON), particulate organic carbon(POC), mineral-associated organic carbon(MOC), permanganate-oxidizable carbon(KMn O4-C), and non-KMn O4-C at 0–60 cm depths. Mulching durations were 7, 11 and 16 years, with a non-mulched control. Compared to the control, there was no significant and consistently positive effect of the mulch on TOC, POC, MOC, KMn O4-C and non-KMn O4-C before 11 years of mulching, and these organic C fractions generally decreased significantly by 16 years. LFOC, TON and MBC to at a 0–20 cm depth increased with increasing mulching duration until 11 years, and then these fractions decreased significantly between 11 and 16 years, reaching values comparable to or lower than those in the control. KMn O4-C was most strongly correlated with the labile soil C fractions. Our findings suggest that although gravel–sand mulch may conserve soil moisture, it may also lead to long-term decreases in labile soil organic C fractions and total organic N in the study area. The addition of manure or composted manure would be a good choice to reverse the soil deterioration that occurs after 11 years by increasing the inputs of organic matter. 相似文献
7.
基于内蒙古大兴安岭林区第四次至第六次复查期(1994-2008年)的森林资源数据,利用不同森林类型生物量和蓄积量之间的回归方程,估算大兴安岭林区森林生物量和碳储量,分析大兴安岭林区森林碳储量和碳密度变化规律。结果表明:在近15年间,大兴安岭林区森林面积呈持续增长的趋势,此期间森林碳储量也呈逐渐增加的趋势,其值变化规律为350.052 TgC(第六次复查)>330.468 TgC(第五次复查)>285.431 TgC(第四次复查)。不同复查期的森林碳密度变化规律为第六次复查>第四次复查>第五复查。从林龄方面来看,三次复查期内,森林碳储量变化规律为中龄林>成熟林>近熟林>过熟林>幼龄林,碳密度的变化规律为过熟林>成熟林>近熟林>中龄林>幼龄林。落叶松林和桦木林是大兴安岭林区的主要森林类型,在15年复查期内,落叶松林和桦木林面积、生物量和碳储量均呈逐渐增加的趋势,其中落叶松林的贡献率最大。 相似文献
8.
Revegetation is a traditional practice widely used for soil protection. We evaluated the effect of natural revegetation succession on soil chemical properties and carbon fractions (particulate organic carbon (POC), humus carbon (HS-C), humic acid carbon (HA-C) and fulvic acid carbon (FA-C)) on the Loess Plateau of China. The vegetation types, in order from the shortest to the longest enclosure duration, were: (a) abandoned overgrazed grassland (AbG3; 3 years); (b) Hierochloe odorata Beauv. (HiO7; 7 years); (c) Thymus mongolicus Ronnm (ThM15; 15 years); (d) Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb (AtS25; 25 years); (e) Stipa bungeana Trin Ledeb (StB36; 36 years) and (f) Stipa grandis P. Smirn (StG56; 56 years). The results showed that the concentrations of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus increased with the increase of restoration time except for ThM15. The concentration of NH4-N increased in the medium stage of vegetation restoration (for ThM15 and AtS25) and decreased in the later stage (for StB36 and StG56). However, NO3-N concentration significantly increased in the later stage (for StB36 and StG56). Carbon fractions had a similar increasing trend during natural vegetation restoration. The concentrations of POC, HS-C, FA-C and HA-C accounted for 24.5%–49.1%, 10.6%–15.2%, 5.8%–9.1% and 4.6%–6.1% of total carbon, respectively. For AbG3, the relative changes of POC, HS-C and FA-C were significantly higher than that of total carbon during the process of revegetation restoration. The higher relative increases in POC, HS-C and FA-C confirmed that soil carbon induced by vegetation restoration was sequestrated by higher physical and chemical protection. The increases of soil C fractions could also result in higher ecology function in semiarid grassland ecosystems. 相似文献
9.
内蒙古自治区森林碳储量及其动态变化 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
利用内蒙古森林资源清查资料,依据不同森林类型生物量和蓄积量之间的回归方程,估算了内蒙古自治区不同时段的森林生物量和碳储量,并分析其动态变化特征。结果表明：在1977-2003年间内蒙古森林面积由1.10×10^7hm^2增加到1.61×10^7hm^2,每年森林面积平均增长率为1.85%;森林碳储量由378.86TgC... 相似文献
10.
不同耕作措施下陇中黄土高原旱作农田土壤活性有机碳组分及其与酶活性间的关系 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过设置在陇中黄土高原半干旱雨养农业区15年的不同保护性耕作措施长期定位试验,研究了传统耕作(T)、免耕(NT)、免耕结合秸秆覆盖(NTS)、传统耕作结合秸秆还田(TS)4种不同耕作措施下不同土层的土壤总有机碳、土壤活性有机碳、土壤微生物量、碳库管理指数和土壤蔗糖酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶和过氧化物酶等4种参与碳循环土壤酶,并分析了土壤有机碳及其活性碳组分与土壤酶之间的相关关系。结果表明:0~30 cm土层,NTS处理可显著提高土壤有机碳、土壤活性有机碳、土壤微生物量碳及碳库管理指数,分别较T处理增加了16.3%、28.26%、41.88%、37.04%,NT、TS处理较T处理各指标也均有不同程度提高;在0~30 cm土层,NTS、TS、NT处理与T处理相比,蔗糖酶分别提高了33.84%、21.59%、25.15%,淀粉酶活性分别提高了20.90%、13.43%、12.69%,纤维素酶活性分别提高了39.13%、17.39%、4.34%,过氧化物酶活性分别提高了7.81%、2.08%、3.65%;土壤蔗糖酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、过氧化物酶与各形态有机碳及碳库管理指数均表现为显著或极显著正相关关系;蔗糖酶活性增加对有机碳积累作用最显著,有助于土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳、微生物量碳含量提高,土壤纤维素酶对土壤总有机碳和活性有机碳含量的增加有促进作用,过氧化物酶有利于总有机碳的积累。免耕结合秸秆覆盖是适宜该地区农田生态系统健康稳定发展,减少碳库损失的重要途径。 相似文献
11.
扎鲁特旗退耕还林还草分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用GIS和RS方法,从不同数据源获取所需的土地利用、地形坡度、土地沙漠化、土地适宜性等数据资料,在分析单项因子的基础上,研究了扎鲁特旗的旱耕地与其它因子的关系,确定了退耕地的面积、空间分布及其利用途径,主要结论是:旱耕地是扎鲁特旗的主要耕地组成,也是退耕的主要对象。坡度大于15o的旱地面积占旱地面积的0. 14%;沙化耕地面积占旱地的9. 68%,而且,旱耕地中,大部分为宜林宜牧土地,即使是多宜性耕地,宜农等级也较低。应退耕旱地面积14661hm2,占旱地面积的5. 34%。在退耕地中,宜还林地面积为5635hm2,还草地面积9026hm2。退耕地主要分布在南部,该旗南部边界多适宜退耕还林,而东南部边界的退耕地适宜种草,发展牧业。 相似文献
12.
Corn straw return to the field is a vital agronomic practice for increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) and its labile fractions, as well as soil aggregates and organic carbon (OC) associated with water-stable aggregates (WSA). Moreover, the labile SOC fractions play an important role in OC turnover and sequestration. The aims of this study were to determine how different corn straw returning modes affect the contents of labile SOC fractions and OC associated with WSA. Corn straw was returned in the following depths: (1) on undisturbed soil surface (NTS), (2) in the 0-10 cm soil depth (MTS), (3) in the 0-20 cm soil depth (CTS), and (4) no corn straw applied (CK). After five years (2014-2018), soil was sampled in the 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths to measure the water-extractable organic C (WEOC), permanganate oxidizable C (KMnO4-C), light fraction organic C (LFOC), and WSA fractions. The results showed that compared with CK, corn straw amended soils (NTS, MTS and CTS) increased SOC content by 11.55%-16.58%, WEOC by 41.38%-51.42%, KMnO4-C and LFOC by 29.84%-34.09% and 56.68%-65.36% in the 0-40 cm soil depth. The LFOC and KMnO4-C were proved to be the most sensitive fractions to different corn straw returning modes. Compared with CK, soils amended with corn straw increased mean weight diameter by 24.24%-40.48% in the 0-20 cm soil depth. The NTS and MTS preserved more than 60.00% of OC in macro-aggregates compared with CK. No significant difference was found in corn yield across all corn straw returning modes throughout the study period, indicating that adoption of NTS and MTS would increase SOC content and improve soil structure, and would not decline crop production. 相似文献
13.
新疆不同植被类型土壤有机碳特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
准确评估不同植被类型的土壤有机碳库,对揭示土壤有机碳在陆地生态系统碳循环中的作用具有重要意义。通过分析新疆地区10种植被类型的土壤有机碳密度(SOCD)的分布特征,估算了该地区的土壤有机碳储量。结果表明:在10个植被类型的0~100 cm土壤剖面中,SOCD垂直分布特征明显,呈逐渐降低趋势。新疆SOCD以针叶林最大,其值为63.86 kg·m~(-2),其他植被类型依次为:草甸、阔叶林、沼泽、草原、灌丛、高山植被、栽培植被、荒漠和无植被类型。土壤有机碳储量最大值分布在草甸中,为4.89 Pg,其他植被类型依次为:荒漠、草原、高山植被、无植被(裸地)、针叶林、栽培植被、阔叶林、灌丛、沼泽。在0~100 cm的土壤层,新疆地区土壤有机碳储量为16.4Pg。 相似文献
14.
镰叶锦鸡儿湿地土壤酶活性分布特征及其与活性有机碳表征指数的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选取伊犁河谷昭苏县镰叶锦鸡儿湿地土壤为研究对象,研究其土壤酶活性(脲酶活性,蔗糖酶活性,过氧化氢酶活性)与土壤活性有机碳(土壤水溶性有机碳WSOC,土壤易氧化碳ROC,土壤微生物量碳MBC)的分布特征及其内在关系,分析镰叶锦鸡儿湿地土壤酶活性和土壤有机碳表征指数两者的相互关系。研究表明:镰叶锦鸡儿湿地的土壤酶活性随着土层深度的增加而下降;活性有机碳含量随土壤深度的增加,其垂直剖面的含量呈下降趋势。镰叶锦鸡儿湿地解放桥有锦鸡儿剖面的土壤酶活性和活性有机碳表征指数的含量均大于无锦鸡儿剖面,表明镰叶锦鸡儿在生长过程中可以提高土壤酶活性与活性有机碳含量;蔗糖酶,脲酶和过氧化氢酶与土壤活性有机碳呈极显著相关关系(P0.01),表明土壤酶对土壤活性有机碳的迁移转化起着重要作用。 相似文献
15.
Ali MAHDAVI 《干旱区科学》2020,12(5):766-774
Persian oak (Quercus brantii var. persica) is a dominant tree species of Zagros forests in a semi-arid area, western Iran. However, the capacity of biomass and carbon stocks of these forests is not well studied. We selected three types of oak, i.e., seed-originated oak, coppice oak and mixed (seed-originated and coppice) oak of Zagros forests in Dalab valley, Ilam Province, Iran to survey the capacity of biomass and carbon stocks in 2018. Thirty plots with an area of 1000 m2 were systematically and randomly assigned to each type of oak. Quantitative characteristics of trees, such as diameter at breast height (DBH), height, crown diameter and the number of sprouts in each plot were measured. Then, aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), aboveground carbon stock (AGCS) and belowground carbon stock (BGCS) of each tree in plots were calculated using allometric equations. The litterfall biomass (LFB) and litterfall carbon stock (LFCS) were measured in a quadrat with 1 m×1 m in each plot. One-way analysis of variance and Duncan's test were performed to detect the differences in biomass and carbon stocks among three types of oak. Results showed that AGB, BGB and BGCS were significantly different among three types of oak. The highest values of AGB, AGCS, BGB and BGCS in seed-originated oak were 76,043.25, 14,725.55, 36,737.79 and 7362.77 kg/hm2, respectively. Also, the highest values of LFB and LFCS in seed-originated oak were 3298.33 and 1520.48 kg/hm2, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the other two types of oak. The results imply the significant role of seed-originated oak for the regeneration of Zagros forests. Further conservation strategy of seed-originated oak is an important step in the sustainable management of Zagros forests in Iran. 相似文献
16.
Soil labile organic carbon(C) plays an important role in improving soil quality. The relatively stable fractions of soil organic C(SOC) represent the bulk of SOC, and are also the primary determinant of the long-term C balance of terrestrial ecosystems. Different land use types can influence the distribution patterns of different SOC fractions. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In the present study, different fractions of SOC were determined in two land use types: a grazed grassland(established on previously cultivated cropland 25 years ago, GG) and a long-term cultivated millet cropland(MC). The results showed that C concentration and C storage of light fractions(LF) and heavy fractions(HF) presented different patterns along the soil profiles in the two sites. More plant residues in GG resulted in 91.9% higher LF storage at the 0–10 cm soil depth, further contributed to 21.9% higher SOC storage at this soil depth; SOC storage at 20–60 cm soil depth in MC was 98.8% higher than that in GG, which could be mainly attributed to the HF storage 104.5% higher than in GG. This might be caused by the long-term application of organic manure, as well as the protection from plough pan and silt- and clay-sized particles. The study indicated that different soil management practices in this region can greatly influence the variations of different SOC fractions, while the conventional tillage can greatly improve the storage of SOC by increasing heavy fractions. 相似文献
17.
长期定位施肥对旱作农田土壤有机碳及其组分的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于田间定位试验,研究了长期施肥对旱作冬小麦农田土壤有机碳及其组分的影响,试验包括4个处理:不施肥(CK)、氮磷配施(NP)、化肥与有机肥配施(NPM)以及长期休闲地(BL)。结果表明:长期持续施肥30年后,在0~30 cm土层,NPM处理土壤有机碳、微生物量碳、潜在矿化碳以及碳库管理指数分别较CK提高了42.2%、55.9%、40.9%和40.0%(P0.05),NP处理土壤有机碳和微生物量碳与CK差异不显著,潜在矿化碳和碳库管理指数分别提高了29.1%和20.0%(P0.05),施肥对两种活性有机碳含量的影响在15~30 cm土层表现更加显著;与种植作物相比,长期休闲显著降低了土壤潜在矿化碳含量,BL处理较CK降低了20.5%(P0.05)。相关性分析表明,土壤有机碳、潜在矿化碳、微生物量碳以及碳库管理指数两两之间存在着显著的相关性,且有机碳组分含量与土壤有机碳含量在处理间变化具有一致性(除NP处理外),两种活性有机碳相对含量在各处理间差异均不显著。总的来说,长期持续施入有机肥能够有效地增加旱作农田土壤有机碳同时增加其活性组分,有助于培肥地力和土壤固碳。 相似文献
18.
Accumulation of soil organic carbon during natural restoration of desertified grassland in China’s Horqin Sandy Land 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
YuQiang LI XueYong ZHAO FengXia ZHANG Tala AWADA ShaoKun WANG HaLin ZHAO TongHui ZHANG YuLin LI 《干旱区科学》2015,(3):328-340
China's Horqin Sandy Land,a formerly lush grassland,has experienced extensive desertification that caused considerable carbon(C) losses from the plant-soil system.Natural restoration through grazing exclusion is a widely suggested option to sequester C and to restore degraded land.In a desertified grassland,we investigated the C accumulation in the total and light fractions of the soil organic matter from 2005 to 2013 during natural restoration.To a depth of 20 cm,the light fraction organic carbon(LFOC) storage increased by 221 g C/m2(84%) and the total soil organic carbon(SOC) storage increased by 435 g C/m2(55%).The light fraction dry matter content represented a small proportion of the total soil mass(ranging from 0.74% in 2005 to 1.39% in 2013),but the proportion of total SOC storage accounted for by LFOC was remarkable(ranging from 33% to 40%).The C sequestration averaged 28 g C/(m2·a) for LFOC and 54 g C/(m2·a) for total SOC.The total SOC was strongly and significantly positively linearly related to the light fraction dry matter content and the proportions of fine sand and silt+clay.The light fraction organic matter played a major role in total SOC sequestration.Our results suggest that grazing exclusion can restore desertified grassland and has a high potential for sequestering SOC in the semiarid Horqin Sandy Land. 相似文献
19.
SUN Lipeng 《干旱区科学》2019,11(6):928-938
The lack of clarity of how natural vegetation restoration influences soil organic carbon (SOC) content and SOC components in soil aggregate fractions limits the understanding of SOC sequestration and turnover in forest ecosystems. The aim of this study was to explore how natural vegetation restoration affects the SOC content and ratio of SOC components in soil macroaggregates (>250 μm), microaggregates (53-250 μm), and silt and clay (<53 μm) fractions in 30-, 60-, 90- and 120-year-old Liaodong oak (Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.) forests, Shaanxi, China in 2015. And the associated effects of biomasses of leaf litter and different sizes of roots (0-0.5, 0.5-1.0, 1.0-2.0 and >2.0 mm diameter) on SOC components were studied too. Results showed that the contents of high activated carbon (HAC), activated carbon (AC) and inert carbon (IC) in the macroaggregates, microaggregates and silt and clay fractions increased with restoration ages. Moreover, IC content in the microaggregates in topsoil (0-20 cm) rapidly increased; peaking in the 90-year-old restored forest, and was 5.74 times higher than AC content. In deep soil (20-80 cm), IC content was 3.58 times that of AC content. Biomasses of 0.5-1.0 mm diameter roots and leaf litter affected the content of aggregate fractions in topsoil, while the biomass of >2.0 mm diameter roots affected the content of aggregate fractions in deep soil. Across the soil profiles, macroaggregates had the highest capacity for HAC sequestration. The effects of restoration ages on soil aggregate fractions and SOC content were less in deep soil than in topsoil. In conclusion, natural vegetation restoration of Liaodong oak forests improved the contents of SOC, especially IC within topsoil and deep soil. The influence of IC on aggregate stability was greater than the other SOC components, and the aggregate stability was significantly affected by the biomasses of litter, 0.5-1.0 mm diameter roots in topsoil and >2.0 mm diameter roots in deep soil. Natural vegetation restoration of Liaodong oak forests promoted SOC sequestration by soil macroaggregates. 相似文献
20.
Meindert D. De Jong Patricia S. Wagenmakers J. Goudriaan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1991,97(1):55-61
Chondrostereum purpureum is being developed as a microbial herbicide to controlPrunus serotina in coniferous forests. After biological control, the fungus produces basidiospores that may reach and infect non-target plants. As part of a risk analysis, spore escape from a forest was quantified. For this purpose, a stratified model was developed for a forest of 250 m with 250 m. A turbulent diffusion equation was used to describe spore fluxes for each layer.In a simple calculation procedure, the spore fluxes for the different layers were calculated simultaneously. The downwind escape fraction was found to vary from 0.19 to 0.45, and the upward escapte fraction from 0.07 to 0.23. These escape fractions increased with increasing wind speed.Number of spores released from basidiocarps, and escape fractions could be used as inputs for a Gaussian plume model to calculate spore immission into orchards. 相似文献