共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
雄黄和硫磺熏蒸塑料棚（室）黄瓜有药害朱国仁，李宝栋（中国农科院蔬菜花卉研究所，１０００８１）１黄瓜白粉病是保护地黄瓜的一种常见病害，可造成不同程度的损失。由于病菌对硫制剂敏感，用雄黄或硫磺加锯末点燃熏蒸防治温室黄瓜白粉病，是总结了菜农的经验，从５０年... 相似文献
2.
本文从影响蒜熏蒸的温度、药剂浓度、密闭时间以及熏蒸后贮存温度等方面研究了白蒜出现药害的最小CT值，将不同度温度下药害症状、冻害、糖化蒜发生的机理和症状进行了比较。结果表明：在10-20℃、22-30℃、32-38℃下熏蒸的白蒜贮存于自然温度（20-30℃）中，当完好蒜CT值分别超过490、450和250时，破损蒜CT值超过490、350、200时，贮存超过一定时间时，即开始出现药害；将熏蒸白蒜贮存于1-3℃环境中，在上述三个区间温度，当CT分别超过1080、810、600时，贮存3个月左右即开始出现药害。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
苹果蠹蛾磷化氢熏蒸技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确磷化氢熏蒸技术在苹果蠹蛾检疫处理中的应用可能,本文在常温和低温条件下分别使用不同剂量磷化氢对苹果中的苹果蠹蛾幼虫进行了熏蒸,并测定了不同条件磷化氢熏蒸对苹果品质的影响。结果表明,25℃下0.76mg/L磷化氢熏蒸96h虽然能完全杀灭苹果中的苹果蠹蛾幼虫,但是会产生药害;5℃下3.04mg/L磷化氢熏蒸264h可完全杀灭苹果中的苹果蠹蛾幼虫,且无药害;进一步的品质测定结果表明,5℃不同剂量磷化氢熏蒸264h的苹果在室温贮藏14d后,其失重率、糖度、酸度等品质指标均无明显变化。本文的结果表明,磷化氢低温熏蒸能在保持苹果品质的同时有效杀灭其中的苹果蠹蛾幼虫,因而在苹果的检疫处理中极具应用前景。 相似文献
6.
溴甲烷熏蒸处理鲜切花及其害虫的试验 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
使用溴甲烷对16种切花及主要携带的南美斑潜蝇、棉蚜、二斑叶螨及花蓟马等害虫进行熏蒸试验。结果表明：如仅带有蚜虫或蓟马，所有供试切花均可进行熏蒸处理；如带有叶螨或斑潜蝇，金鱼草、菊花和孔雀草不宜熏蒸，玫瑰、勿忘我、康乃馨、百合、马蹄莲、情人草、非洲菊、剑兰和石斛兰可以熏蒸，满天星、天堂鸟、橙菠萝和紫罗兰在21℃下以36g/m^3，1．5h处理，对品质有轻度影响，但可100％杀死叶螨及斑潜蝇的成虫、幼虫和蛹。由于斑潜蝇卵的耐药性比其它虫态要强，对带有斑潜蝇卵而耐药性较差的切花，可以在采收后于室温下放置1～3天，待卵孵化后再进行熏蒸处理。 相似文献
7.
土壤环境条件对威百亩熏蒸防治黄瓜枯萎病的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探究威百亩在不同土壤环境条件下的消毒效果,采用离体和活体方法研究施药量、覆膜熏蒸时间、土壤相对含水量及土壤温度对威百亩熏蒸防治黄瓜枯萎病的作用效果。结果表明,25℃条件下,威百亩12 mg(a.i.)/kg土壤熏蒸消毒,对尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum的抑制率为78.82%,对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果为87.03%,且对作物安全无药害;威百亩对尖孢镰刀菌的熏蒸抑制作用随着熏蒸时间的增加而增强,土壤熏蒸10 d后对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制率为95.21%;土壤相对含水量为30%和50%时,威百亩对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果分别为72.32%和82.14%,含水量过高或过低均不利于药效的发挥,而且还会对作物产生药害反应。威百亩的熏蒸效果随着土壤温度的升高而增强,在25、30、35℃时对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果分别为80.18%、98.20%和100.00%。表明威百亩结合日光消毒温度大于25℃、土壤相对含水量为30%或50%、熏蒸10~15 d可有效控制土壤中尖孢镰刀菌引起的黄瓜枯萎病。 相似文献
8.
以生物熏蒸、微生物菌剂和化学熏蒸（棉隆）为处理,对3年连作西瓜生长发育和枯萎病的防治效果进行研究。结果表明：（1）试验条件下,各处理对西瓜出苗率无显著影响,且未出现药害现象;（2）生物熏蒸配施微生物菌剂或棉隆对西瓜生长发育均具有一定的促进作用,增加了株高（蔓长）,提高了叶绿素含量;（3）生物熏蒸配施微生物菌剂或化学药剂棉隆两个处理对西瓜枯萎病均有良好的防效,且持效期较长;（4）生物熏蒸配施微生物菌剂处理显著提高了西瓜的品质和平均单果重。结论：生物熏蒸配施微生物菌剂不仅能有效防治西瓜枯萎病,还可以促进西瓜的生长发育,提高西瓜单果重,同时显著改善西瓜品质。 相似文献
9.
10.
选用ＣＯＳ熏蒸携带地中海实蝇的柠檬效果好美国报道 ,ＣＯＳ(Ｃａｒｂｏｎｙｌｓｕｌｆｉｄｅ ,氧硫化碳 )用于检疫熏蒸 ,在用量和熏蒸时间上进行了试验。对柠檬的耐药性试验证明 :70ｍｇ/ＬＣＯＳ ,熏 4ｈ或 8ｈ ,果皮上有小的褐点 ,但极少 ,与对照无区别 ;熏 12ｈ药害增加 ,尤其果实的蒂部明显褐变。熏 16ｈ或 2 0ｈ则药害严重 ,熏后柠檬有药气味 ,通风 48ｈ后气味可散至不明显。对实蝇的虫卵试验 :6 0～ 80ｍｇ/Ｌ和 10 0ｍｇ/Ｌ熏 6ｈ ,10 0 %致死。对 1龄幼虫试验 ,6 0～ 80ｍｇ/Ｌ ,6ｈ ,99.3%～ 10 0 %致死。对 3龄幼虫试验 :6 0～8… 相似文献
11.
Evidence of Migration and Endophytic Presence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Rose Plants 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Rubén Martí Jaime Cubero Antonio Daza Jaime Piquer Carmen I. Salcedo Clara Morente María M. López 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(1):39-50
Agrobacterium tumefaciens was isolated from stem tumors of several rose cultivars showing that the bacterium is the causal agent of aerial galls in rose plants. No differences were observed in the characteristics of the Agrobacterium isolates from crown or aerial galls. Stem inoculation of ten rose cultivars showed that all of them were susceptible to A. tumefaciens but differences in the size of the resulting tumors were observed. The movement of A. tumefaciens in rose plants was demonstrated using two wild type strains and two antibiotic resistant mutants. Three months after inoculation, the inoculated strains were recovered in the roots, crown and below and above the inoculation site but low numbers of pathogenic Agrobacterium cells were isolated. New tumors appeared in 5% of the noninoculated wounds. A. tumefaciens was isolated from the stem at different distances from the tumor in naturally infected plants. In symptomless commercial plants, the isolation from the roots, crown and at different stem levels demonstrated the existence of systemic and latent infections in rose. Direct isolation using a nonselective and selective media with or without a previous enrichment step were efficient methods for isolating tumorigenic Agrobacterium from the different parts of rose plants. 相似文献
12.
13.
Rosette caused by rose rosette virus (RRV) is a devastating disease of rose in the United States. The virus was discovered in 2011 and Koch's postulates completed in 2015. Because of these recent discoveries, assumptions about the disease including movement, transmission and resistance are based on visual observations of material that may or may not have been infected by the virus. This study addresses several aspects of virus and disease dynamics. Twenty rose genotypes were screened for mite and/or virus resistance. Phyllocoptes fructiphilus, the only known vector of RRV, was able to establish, lay eggs and develop nymphs and adults in all rose genotypes. Cultivar ‘Stormy Weather’ showed resistance to the virus as assessed in both mite and cleft‐grafting transmission experiments. Mites showed a long acquisition/latent period but a rapid inoculation time for RRV. Knowledge of resistance as well as transmission attributes will assist in better management of vector and disease. The identified resistant genotype would be used in areas with high disease pressure to minimize spread, for identification of the mechanisms behind resistance or as a breeding parent to incorporate virus resistance to new cultivars. The short inoculation access period suggests that chemical control for this vector may be challenging to undertake. 相似文献
14.
Black spot of rose is distributed throughout the world and is the most serious disease of roses (Rosa spp.) in the outdoor landscape. Resistance breeding has been frustrated by the occurrence of races of the causal pathogen Diplocarpon rosae. Races from Germany, North America and the UK have been characterized and maintained in a pathogenic state. However, these races were characterized using independent sets of host genotypes and are referenced using different nomenclatures. In the present study, a total of 15 D. rosae isolates from these locations, as well as Belgium and Italy, were inoculated to a common set of 15 rose cultivars in replicated, detached leaf trials. Baby LoveTM (cv. Scrivluv) was resistant to all isolates except for one originating from the UK. The rose cultivars Mrs Doreen Pike (Ausdor) and Hansa were resistant to all isolates except for one originating from Minnesota, USA. No rose genotype was universally susceptible. A total of 11 pathogenic races were differentiated based on their unique host ranges and were assigned an international race nomenclature. Nine cultivars are proposed as the first standard set of differential genotypes for characterization of D. rosae races. 相似文献
15.
Morphological characterization of the interaction between Diplocarpon rosae and various rose species
Blackspot, caused by Diplocarpon rosae , is the most severe and ubiquitous disease of garden roses, but information is lacking about genotype-specific forms of resistance and susceptibility of the host. Macro- and microscopic analyses of 34 rose genotypes with a defined monoconidial culture black spot inoculum identified susceptible and resistant rose genotypes and further genotype-specific subdivisions, indicating the presence of partial forms of resistance and different resistance mechanisms. In total, eight interaction types were characterized, five representing compatible (types 1–5) and three representing incompatible interactions (types 6–8). The incompatible interactions were characterized by the lack of any visible fungal structures beneath the cuticle (type 8), single-cell necroses (type 7) or necroses of larger cell clusters (type 6), the latter two types with penetration hyphae and haustoria in epidermal cells. 相似文献
16.
ABSTRACT A survey for viruses in rose propagated in Europe resulted in detection of only Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) among seven viruses screened. Four percent of cut-flower roses from different sources were infected with PNRSV. Progression of the disease under greenhouse conditions was very slow, which should make this virus easy to eradicate through sanitary selection. Comparison of the partial coat protein gene sequences for three representative rose isolates indicated that they do not form a distinct phylogenetic group and show close relations to Prunus spp. isolates. However, a comparison of the reactivity of monoclonal antibodies raised against these isolates showed that the most prevalent PNRSV serotype in rose was different from the most prevalent serotype in Prunus spp. All of the 27 rose isolates tested infected P. persica seedlings, whereas three of the four PNRSV isolates tested from Prunus spp. were poorly infectious in Rosa indica plants. These data suggest adaptation of PNRSV isolates from Prunus spp., but not from rose, to their host plants. The test methodologies developed here to evaluate PNRSV pathogenicity in Prunus spp. and rose could also help to screen for resistant genotypes. 相似文献
17.
大白菜幼苗叶片抗氧化酶系统对黑腐病菌入侵的反应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以大白菜抗病品种秦白2号和感病品种06J31为材料,研究其接种黑腐病菌种YL-17后保护酶活性、超氧阴离子和MDA含量的变化。结果显示:接种后不同抗性的材料总体上表现为超氧阴离子(O2-.)含量先降后升,SOD活性逐步降低,POD活性MDA含量逐步升高,CAT活性则二者变化不一致(抗性材料表现为升-降-升,感性材料表现为先降后升)。由此表明:黑腐病菌侵染大白菜后,抗病材料与感病材料相比,能迸发较多的O2-.并刺激抗氧化物酶SOD和POD活性升高,使MDA含量处于较低的水平,有利于提高秦白2号抗黑腐病和抗氧化能力。 相似文献
18.
Respiration of tomato roots susceptible and resistant to Meloidogyne incognita was measured during infestation. No significant changes in respiratory rate occurred in susceptible tomato roots, during infestation by M. incognita. In resistant tomato roots, a pronounced increase of both cyanide-sensitive and cyanide-resistant oxidases, was observed during nematode attack. The time-course of the respiration during 12 days, after nematode inoculation, showed that resistant tomato roots responded with a rapid increase in cyanide-sensitive and cyanide-resistant respiration as invading nematodes progressed; no changes were observed in the susceptible tomato roots.Change in the rate of oxygen uptake paralleled an increase in nematode density in resistant tomato roots; oxygen uptake rose linearly to an infestation level of 50 juveniles for each seedling, above which value it declined. The physiological significance of the alternative respiratory pathway is discussed. 相似文献
19.
Survey of benomyl resistance in Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides on winter wheat and barley in England and Wales in 1983 总被引：18，自引：18，他引：0
Surveys of 528 randomly selected commercial fields in England and Wales in 1983 showed that isolates of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides resistant to benomyl were common and widespread on winter wheat and winter barley. During June and July resistant strains were recovered from 16 to 66% of fields and the proportion of resistant isolates was 37–52%. The frequency of occurrence of resistant isolates was positively correlated with the number of applications of carbendazimgenerating (MBC) fungicides during the previous 8 years. Benomyl resistance was found in 21–48% of fields where it was claimed that MBC had never been used, and 7–28% of isolates from those fields, were resistant. Resistance was more frequent in R-type than in W-type isolates of the pathogen. The proportion of R-type isolates decreased as the number of previous winter wheat crops rose and increased with the number of winter barley crops grown and with the number of MBC sprays applied to crops in previous years. The implications of these findings for the control of eyespot in England and Wales are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Negative cross resistance between benzimidazole and N-phenylcarbamate fungicides and control of Botrytis cinerea on grapes 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
Isolates of Botrytis cinerea resistant to benzimidazoles (BenR ), dicarboximides (DicR ), or both (BenR DicR ) were found on table grapes in vineyards in Israel. In vineyards treated for one or two seasons with benomyl and dicarboximides, 41% of the isolates were benomyl-resistant, 18% were dicarboximide-resistant and 21 % were resistant to both fungicides. The frequency of resistant strains was very low in non-treated vineyards. Negatively correlated cross resistance (NCCR) was manifested by 46 BenR isolates which were sensitive to isopropyl N -(3,4-diethoxyphenyl) carbamate (NPC) and 73 benomyl-sensitive (Bens ) isolates which were insensitive to NPC; NCCR was not influenced by sensitivity to dicarboximides. A mixture of Bens DicR plus BenR Dics isolates, inoculated on rose petals, was inhibited by mixtures of benzimidazoles plus NPC but not by benomyl, NPC or iprodione alone. Grey mould, incited on maturing grape berries by a vineyard population composed of Bens and BenR strains, was not controlled by benomyl, while the mixture of NPC plus carbendazim was effective. 相似文献