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刺桐姬小蜂Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim是重要外来入侵害虫,危害刺桐属多种植物。本文调查研究了金脉刺桐嫩枝上刺桐姬小蜂虫瘿的数量分布和空间格局。结果显示,金脉刺桐嫩枝上靠近生长点(芽头)一端刺桐姬小蜂虫瘿数量较多,15 cm以内占90%以上,距离越远越少,其虫瘿数量比率(Y)和枝条长度(X)关系方程为Y=72.577e-0.138X。对频次分布的分析结果显示,刺桐嫩枝上虫瘿主要以虫瘿集体形式出现。获得的虫瘿空间格局主要参数平均拥挤度M*、丛生指数I、聚块性指数M*/M等均显著大于1,表明虫瘿是聚集分布且聚集程度较强。建立的Iwao M*-M方程为M*=1.75+3.51M、Taylor幂函数法则模型为lg s2=0.554+1.828lgx珋。 相似文献
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新入侵有害生物刺桐姬小蜂初报 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2005年7月25日，深圳出入境检验检疫局技术人员在深圳市日常疫情调查时发现一景区杂色刺桐（Erythrina variegata）叶片上布满虫瘿，取样送实验室检验。经对虫样检查和饲养观察，虫瘿内有大量蜂类幼虫和蛹。7月28～31日共收集到寄生蜂成虫362头。根据该虫的形态特征、寄主和危害特点，鉴定为刺桐姬小蜂（Quadrastichus erythinae Kim，英文名为erythria gall wasp，我国台湾省称为刺桐釉小蜂），为中国大陆新纪录种。8月6日，该虫鉴定结果分别得到浙江大学和中国科学院寄生蜂专家复核确认。 相似文献
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为探究刺桐叶片在刺桐姬小蜂Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim成瘿过程中几种酶的变化情况,测定了虫瘿初始形成期、成长分化期、成熟期和开裂期4个发育阶段超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性变化。结果表明:虫瘿的形成显著提高了寄主叶片的SOD、CAT、POD、PPO活性;其中SOD、CAT、PPO活性主要体现在虫瘿组织上,开裂期酶活性均达到最大,分别为对照的5.36、5.28、19.73倍;PPO活性随虫瘿发育不断增加,而SOD、CAT活性分别在成熟期、成长分化期都有所下降;POD活性则主要表现在非虫瘿组织上,且每个时期显著高于对照,到开裂期为对照组的2.16倍。结果表明了刺桐对刺桐姬小蜂的为害产生了一定的防御反应。 相似文献
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为了探索刺桐姬小蜂Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim的检疫处理方法,研究了γ-射线辐照处理对刺桐姬小蜂发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明,经0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3和0.4kGyγ-射线辐照处理20min后,刺桐姬小蜂幼虫化蛹率和蛹的羽化率均显著降低。成虫活动减弱、寿命缩短,交配次数、怀卵量和产卵量随处理剂量增高而降低,γ-射线辐照处理虫瘿后,刺桐姬小蜂羽化出蜂数和出蜂率随处理剂量增加而显著减少。雌雄成虫对γ-射线的抵抗力不同,在相同剂量辐照处理下,雄虫的死亡率显著高于雌虫。处理剂量越高,性比就越高。 相似文献
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不同寄主作物烟粉虱种群数量的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用等距机械抽样法对棉花、茄子、豇豆等不同作物上烟粉虱成虫、蛹、卵的种群数量进行调查,并对其空间分布进行分析。结果表明,在茄子叶片上烟粉虱成虫和蛹的数量最多,豇豆叶片上卵的数量最多。棉花上烟粉虱成虫种群的空间分布呈聚集型,蛹、卵的种群为均匀分布,茄子上烟粉虱成虫和蛹为均匀分布,卵呈聚集分布;豇豆上烟粉虱成虫为均匀分布,蛹和卵为聚集分布。 相似文献
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本文采用扩散指标法和Iwao、Taylor回归法测定了上海辰山植物园内‘矮生百慕大’Cynodon dactylon×C.transvaalensis‘Tifdwarf’和日本结缕草Zoysia japonica上的中喙丽金龟Adoretus sinicus越冬幼虫的空间分布型。结果表明,中喙丽金龟幼虫在两种草坪草根部土壤中不同区域的密度相差较大(5~139头/m~2);幼虫在两种草坪草土壤中空间分布型均为聚集型的负二项分布,分布的基本成分为个体群。根据空间分布型的参数,确定了理论抽样数和Kuno序贯抽样方法。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Cranberry stem gall is characterized by tumors that girdle stems, thereby killing all distal leaves, flowers, and fruit. Bacteria that produce high levels of the plant growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are associated with and believed to cause cranberry stem gall. The anatomy of naturally occurring galls on woody cranberry plants and galls caused by inoculation of micropropagated cranberry plants with Pantoea agglomerans strain 4/99 was consistent with elevated levels of IAA in plants. Field galls exhibited hypertrophy and hyperplasia of tissue external to the vascular cambium, resulting in extensive stem swelling and splitting of the periderm. Similarly, galls on micropropagated plants contained enlarged cortical parenchyma cells. The current year's xylem vessels in field galls were narrow and dense compared with xylem vessels of healthy stems. Curved xylem elements apparently developed de novo within field galls and galls on inoculated plants. Cavities and fissures in both types of galls contained dense aggregates of bacteria. Treatment of micropropagated plants with synthetic IAA caused hypertrophy of cortical parenchyma and formation of adventitious roots. The results support the hypothesis that IAA-producing bacteria cause cranberry stem gall. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Cranberry stem gall is characterized by tumors that girdle stems, thereby killing all distal leaves, flowers, and fruit. Among bacteria isolated from galls, all 11 isolates that were identified as members of the family Enterobacteriaceae caused galls on 50 to 100% of micropropagated cranberry plants that were inoculated. Four of fifteen isolates identified as Pseudomonas spp. caused galls on 10 to 83% of plants inoculated. Twelve of fifteen isolates identified as either Agrobacterium spp. or Rhizobium spp. caused galls on 10 to 50% of plants inoculated, but the galls were smaller than those caused by members of the family Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas spp. There was a positive correlation between the ability of bacteria to produce IAA in vitro and cause galls. In 2002 and 2003, bacteria were isolated from plant and soil samples collected from beds where stem gall had been observed in the past 2 years and beds where stem gall had never been observed. IAA-producing bacteria were common in all samples, although trends were different across years. The results of this study support the hypothesis that IAA-producing bacteria cause cranberry stem gall and suggest that rather than one bacterial species being the cause, multiple strains of bacteria that produce IAA may be responsible for gall formation. 相似文献
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椰子木蛾Opisina arenosella Walker是近年入侵中国的有害生物,严重为害多种棕榈科植物。为了确定椰子木蛾幼虫在椰子树上的空间分布型及抽样技术,2015年12月采用分层随机抽样法在海南省儋州市对椰子树上的椰子木蛾幼虫进行调查,运用聚集度指标法、Iwao回归方程和Taylor幂法则对椰子木蛾幼虫在椰子树上的空间分布型进行了分析,对聚集均数(λ)进行检验,分析幼虫聚集的原因。结果表明:椰子木蛾的幼虫主要在椰子树的中下部叶片为害,有87.17%的幼虫分布在第3层、第4层和第5层叶片上,其中第4层叶片上幼虫数最多,平均每片大叶上有幼虫(22±7.42)头,占总数的42.62%;椰子木蛾的幼虫在椰子树上呈聚集分布,理论分布型符合负二项分布;其种群聚集是由某些环境作用引起的。根据Iwao的回归关系,确定椰子木蛾幼虫的最适理论抽样公式及序贯抽样公式,建立不同密度下的理论和序贯抽样数表。椰子木蛾幼虫主要分布椰子树中下部叶片上并呈聚集分布,本研究为该虫害的准确抽样调查和防治提供理论依据。 相似文献
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玉米田草地贪夜蛾幼虫的空间分布型与抽样技术 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith)是一种世界性的重大农业害虫,已于2019年1月侵入中国云南省西部地区,对当地主要经济作物鲜食玉米的生产构成了严重威胁。我们调查了入侵成虫后代幼虫在鲜食玉米田的种群密度和为害情况,分析了幼虫种群的空间分布格局。结果表明,草地贪夜蛾幼虫在玉米田呈聚集分布,聚集度随密度的增加而升高,环境是导致聚集分布的主要因素。基于空间分布型的分析结果,进一步研究提出了幼虫密度的理论抽样模型和基于幼虫密度防治指标的序贯抽样技术。本研究明确了草地贪夜蛾幼虫在玉米田的空间分布特征和抽样方法,为通过调查田间种群密度指导幼虫防治工作提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
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The spatial pattern of downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora humuli) on hop (Humulus lupulus) was characterized over 4 years to aid in deriving an appropriate incidence–density relationship. From 472 disease assessments (datasets), discrete distributions were fitted to the datasets to determine aggregation of disease density. Where distributions were able to be fitted, the Poisson distribution fitted 4% of the datasets and the negative binomial distribution fitted 87% of the datasets. Larger‐scale patterns of disease were assessed by autocorrelation and runs analysis; both indicated aggregation of diseased plants was less common than aggregation of disease within plants. Taylor’s power law indicated disease density was aggregated and related to mean disease density in all years. Disease incidence and density were linked by saturation‐type relationships based on the zero term of the negative binomial distribution or an empirical regression. Certain individual datasets were not described well by any incidence–density model, particularly when disease density was greater than about 0·8 diseased shoots per plant with the cultivar Cascade. When applied to 56 validation datasets, 88% of the variation in observed disease incidence was explained by the incidence–density models. Under conditions where sampling would be implemented for disease management, the requisite conditions appear to be in place for a binomial sampling plan for downy mildew. 相似文献