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Xiu‐Dao Yu Zong‐Cai Liu Si‐Liang Huang Zhi‐Qin Chen Yong‐Wei Sun Peng‐Fei Duan You‐Zhi Ma Lan‐Qin Xia 《Pest management science》2016,72(6):1090-1098
Aphids (Aphididae) are major agricultural pests that cause significant yield losses of crop plants each year by inflicting damage both through the direct effects of feeding and by vectoring harmful plant viruses. Expression of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) directed against suitable insect target genes in transgenic plants has been shown to give protection against pests through plant‐mediated RNA interference (RNAi). Thus, as a potential alternative and effective strategy for insect pest management in agricultural practice, plant‐mediated RNAi for aphid control has received close attention in recent years. In this review, the mechanism of RNAi in insects and the so far explored effective RNAi target genes in aphids, their potential applications in the development of transgenic plants for aphid control and the major challenges in this regard are reviewed, and the future prospects of using plant‐mediated RNAi for aphid control are discussed. This review is intended to be a helpful insight into the generation of aphid‐resistant plants through plant‐mediated RNAi strategy. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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很多植物病毒经介体昆虫以持久循回型的方式水平传播至寄主韧皮部致病，而唾液腺是介体昆虫持久传毒的重要器官，也是植物病毒在介体昆虫内循回需要克服的最后一道防线。持久性植物病毒要完成水平传播，必须突破昆虫唾液腺屏障的阻碍，因此病毒和介体昆虫间形成了“攻”与“守”的较量与对决。揭示持久性植物病毒克服昆虫唾液腺屏障，实现水平传播的机制，对病害控制具有重要意义。该文着眼于介体昆虫唾液腺在持久传毒过程中的重要功能，回顾了虫传植物病毒突破介体昆虫唾液腺侵入屏障和释放屏障的分子机制，探讨了昆虫唾液蛋白通过调节植物或昆虫的适应性和行为促进或抑制病毒水平传播的功能，为制定阻断介体昆虫传播植物病毒途径的防控策略提供理论依据。 相似文献
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近年来植物病毒病频发,严重制约着农作物的产量与品质。绝大多数植物病毒依赖媒介昆虫进行传播,而传播的关键是病毒如何突破昆虫的肠屏障、唾液腺屏障和卵屏障等多个生物屏障。植物病毒一方面利用其外壳蛋白或非结构蛋白突破媒介昆虫的中肠屏障和唾液腺屏障;另一方面则与昆虫体内卵黄原蛋白、共生菌以及精子表面蛋白发生特异性互作,促进病毒跨越卵障碍,最终实现病毒在昆虫体内复制。此外,植物病毒还能通过侵染寄主植物影响其防御性状,间接改变媒介昆虫生理及其行为反应,促进病毒在植物间的传播。该研究对植物病毒突破昆虫生物屏障的分子机制,以及植物病毒-植物-媒介昆虫互作对于病毒传播的影响进行了综述,并对阻断病毒传播的方法进行展望。 相似文献
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蚜虫能够传播上百种植物病毒，是最重要的农业介体昆虫之一。蚜虫在刺探和取食植物过程中，唾液组分会连同附着在口针中的病毒粒子一同被分泌进入植物内，在调节植物诱导抗性、病毒侵染扩散、介体昆虫行为等过程中均有重要作用。本文围绕蚜虫传播病毒和获取病毒2个关键过程，总结分析了蚜虫独特的刺吸取食行为与传毒效率和获毒效率之间的联系；针对取食活动中关键的唾液蛋白在调控植物免疫抗性、帮助病毒侵染过程中的功能，阐述了蚜虫高效传播非持久病毒的分子基础；针对蚜虫的获毒过程，综述了病毒侵染植物间接调控蚜虫趋向和行为的作用方式。这些研究的开展将为解释蚜虫和病毒协同侵染的分子机制以及有效开展基于蚜虫取食行为调控的病虫害防控新技术提供思路。 相似文献
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Among the biotechnological uses of plant viruses, the expression of foreign sequences through virus-based vectors represents a promising research area. The potyvirus Plum pox virus (PPV) has been used to design expression vectors which have allowed successful expression of foreign sequences in plants, either in the form of small peptides fused to the viral coat protein, or as whole independent proteins inserted on different points of the genome. The present review describes the different PPV-based vectors that have been produced, including information regarding relevant aspects of their use, such as the optimal location of peptides or the stability of inserts. Recent developments, like the expression of proteins on stone fruit trees by using PPV-based vectors capable to infect woody plants, are also described. 相似文献
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昆虫病毒在害虫防治上的应用及其对寄生蜂的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文综述了昆虫病毒，包括核多角体病毒（NPV）、昆虫痘病毒（EPV）和颗粒体病毒（GV），在防治农林害虫中的应用及其对寄主寄生蜂影响的研究进展，同时也介绍了昆虫杆状病毒诱导细胞凋亡及基因工程研究的近况。 相似文献
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由于基因工程技术的发展和安全性研究的深入,以重组杆状病毒为主的重组昆虫病毒杀虫剂的应用正面临着突破。文章综述了通过插入昆虫专一性毒素基因构建重组昆虫病毒杀虫剂的技术路线,展望重组病毒杀虫剂的发展趋势。 相似文献
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农业景观与害虫种群控制 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
20世纪以来,我国农村城镇化和农业设施化的快速发展,造成农业景观的急剧变化以及农田生境的破碎化。国内外十分重视这种景观变化对农业生态系统功能和生物多样性以及害虫种群控制的影响。本文针对国内外有关农业景观变化和生境破碎化对昆虫与天敌群落组成、多样性及种群序列变化的影响研究进行系统论述,着重介绍农业景观变化对害虫种群控制的原理和作用机理,分析景观结构与农田生物多样性,及寄主—寄生物、猎物—捕食者、植物—害虫—天敌的相互关系,以及影响这种关系的景观因子作用力的模拟,旨在揭示农业景观变化对害虫种群动态的潜在影响,提示了今后害虫治理研究的热点问题。 相似文献
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RNA interference technology in crop protection against arthropod pests,pathogens and nematodes 
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下载免费PDF全文 Moises Zotti Ericmar Avila dos Santos Deise Cagliari Olivier Christiaens Clauvis Nji Tizi Taning Guy Smagghe 《Pest management science》2018,74(6):1239-1250
Scientists have made significant progress in understanding and unraveling several aspects of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA)‐mediated gene silencing during the last two decades. Now that the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism is well understood, it is time to consider how to apply the acquired knowledge to agriculture and crop protection. Some RNAi‐based products are already available for farmers and more are expected to reach the market soon. Tailor‐made dsRNA as an active ingredient for biopesticide formulations is considered a raw material that can be used for diverse purposes, from pest control and bee protection against viruses to pesticide resistance management. The RNAi mechanism works at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level, exploiting a sequence‐dependent mode of action, which makes it unique in potency and selectivity compared with conventional agrochemicals. Furthermore, the use of RNAi in crop protection can be achieved by employing plant‐incorporated protectants through plant transformation, but also by non‐transformative strategies such as the use of formulations of sprayable RNAs as direct control agents, resistance factor repressors or developmental disruptors. In this review, RNAi is presented in an agricultural context (discussing products that have been launched on the market or will soon be available), and we go beyond the classical presentation of successful examples of RNAi in pest‐insect control and comprehensively explore its potential for the control of plant pathogens, nematodes and mites, and to fight against diseases and parasites in beneficial insects. Moreover, we also discuss its use as a repressor for the management of pesticide‐resistant weeds and insects. Finally, this review reports on the advances in non‐transformative dsRNA delivery and the production costs of dsRNA, and discusses environmental considerations. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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害虫遗传学控制策略与进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
随着分子生物学和基因工程技术的发展,利用遗传学方法控制害虫种群成为人们研究的热点之一。研究者已经尝试利用基因突变、转基因和雄性不育等遗传学技术,培育遗传改造的害虫品系,释放后来控制自然界害虫的种群密度。但由于这些遗传学方法本身存在局限性,研究者开始探索利用低毒高效的荧光纳米材料基因载体携带外源核酸或农药分子进入昆虫或植物细胞从而干扰害虫的发育或行为的新策略。本文综述了害虫遗传学控制的2大策略种群替代和种群抑制的实现方法及其研究进展,并提出了利用新型荧光纳米粒子传送基因或药物的害虫遗传学控制新策略。 相似文献
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Allelopathy is a naturally occurring ecological phenomenon of interference among organisms that may be employed for managing weeds, insect pests and diseases in field crops. In field crops, allelopathy can be used following rotation, using cover crops, mulching and plant extracts for natural pest management. Application of allelopathic plant extracts can effectively control weeds and insect pests. However, mixtures of allelopathic water extracts are more effective than the application of single-plant extract in this regard. Combined application of allelopathic extract and reduced herbicide dose (up to half the standard dose) give as much weed control as the standard herbicide dose in several field crops. Lower doses of herbicides may help to reduce the development of herbicide resistance in weed ecotypes. Allelopathy thus offers an attractive environmentally friendly alternative to pesticides in agricultural pest management. In this review, application of allelopathy for natural pest management, particularly in small-farm intensive agricultural systems, is discussed. 相似文献
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CHUI HUA KONG 《Weed Biology and Management》2010,10(2):73-80
The development of pest management and control is striving toward a future of sustainable agriculture. Weeds cause serious problems in agricultural ecosystems and attempts to control them have met with limited success. However, many weeds are allelopathic; that is, they can produce and release allelochemicals to interact with other plant competitors and to attack microbes or insect and other animal predators. These allelopathic weeds and their allelochemicals may be put into use for ecological pest management and control or employed for other uses. Currently, little attention has been paid to how allelopathic weeds and their allelochemicals potentially can be utilized as an important part of pest management and control in agricultural ecosystems. This review outlines recent research regarding the potential for pest management and control by allelopathic weeds and their allelochemicals by studying the cases of Ageratum conyzoides, Ambrosia trifida, and Lantana camara and provides examples of allelopathic weeds and their allelochemicals that have been incorporated into ecological pest management and control in China. 相似文献
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对于多数植物病毒而言,其在田间的自然扩散主要依赖昆虫等介体生物,而媒介昆虫的垂直传播是植物病毒长期存在并发生的重要原因。对媒介昆虫垂直传播病毒机制的研究不仅可以为未来开发高效低毒农药奠定基础,更可为植物病毒与昆虫的互作和病毒病的预测预报提供新的视野及角度。媒介昆虫在植物病毒传播过程中的具体作用在近几年被广泛研究。该文综述了近年来植物病毒在昆虫体内垂直传播的研究进展,包括昆虫传播植物病毒的方式、植物病毒在昆虫体内的垂直传播方式以及虫媒病毒垂直传播的可能机制等。在整个垂直传播的过程中,植物病毒的衣壳蛋白、磷蛋白和媒介昆虫唐氏综合症细胞黏附分子、硫酸乙酰肝素糖蛋白、热激蛋白以及卵黄原蛋白,甚至共生菌都有参与。最后,基于媒介昆虫和植物病毒的关系对未来植物病毒病的绿色防控和生物防控进行了展望。 相似文献
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近10年我国烟粉虱发生为害及防治研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
烟粉虱是我国重要农业害虫,近10年来我国烟粉虱发生为害呈现以下特点:烟粉虱的优势生物型/隐种由B型更替为Q型;传播植物病毒(如黄化曲叶病毒、番茄褪绿病毒)成为了烟粉虱重要的为害方式;烟粉虱抗药性问题逐渐突出;化学农药尤其新烟碱类杀虫剂的广泛使用是Q型烟粉虱取代B型烟粉虱的关键因素。烟粉虱的综合防控措施日益完善,抗药性治理与非化学防控措施受到重视,但是依靠农药的现状并未完全改变。本文综述了近10年来我国烟粉虱的发生为害及防治方面的概况,探讨了今后烟粉虱防控方面的研究内容。 相似文献
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害虫种群的区域性分布特征和生态调控已经成为近十年来综合治理研究的热点问题。经过几十年的发展,害虫生态调控的防控技术表现了可持续和绿色等特征,但从田块到区域尺度的生态调控系统策略还不完善,很多仍需依赖传统的化学防治为辅助。面对农业害虫区域性灾变的重大农业生态学问题,本文总结了害虫种群的区域性分布特征,包括区域性、异质性、扩散性、突发性、协同性五大特征;重点阐述了害虫种群区域性生态调控的系统策略,形成了预防性管理、靶向式调控、成灾后治理三位一体的害虫“防控治”生态调控体系,协调多种生态调控技术在区域水平内“防控治”才能有效遏制害虫种群的持续暴发;对害虫种群的区域性管理进行了展望,未来害虫种群的区域性生态调控不仅要考虑经济指标,还需要具备安全、高效、精准、可持续四大核心特点。因此,害虫种群的区域化生态调控是未来保障农业生产和生态安全的必然选择。 相似文献
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半翅目害虫寄主范围广、危害时间长, 给我国农林业生产带来了严重的经济损失。应用有效的绿色防控手段替代化学杀虫剂防治半翅目害虫, 对于保障粮食安全生产、保护动物及人类生命健康、维护生态平衡具有重要意义。苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis产生的杀虫蛋白对多种害虫展现出高效特异的杀虫活性, 对非靶标生物安全, 为全球农业、林业和卫生害虫的绿色防控做出了突出贡献。本文综述了我国农林业中重要的半翅目害虫种类、危害特点及主要防治手段, 重点归纳了Bt杀虫蛋白对半翅目害虫的杀虫活性研究进展以及挖掘具有半翅目杀虫活性的Bt杀虫蛋白基础, 并针对Bt杀虫蛋白在半翅目害虫绿色防控方面的应用提出了建议。 相似文献
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植物挥发物在害虫的寄主选择过程中发挥着重要作用。植物源引诱剂是一类重要的害虫绿色防控产品，也是目前害虫无害化防治的研究热点。但目前大多数研究还未达到田间可应用的程度。其主要原因是田间引诱效率不理想。已有研究显示田间背景气味可干扰昆虫的嗅觉定向，干扰植物源引诱剂的引诱效率。因此对以往忽略的田间背景气味干扰加以重视，可进一步加快植物源引诱剂的研发进程。本文从气味传播与昆虫嗅觉感知、背景气味干扰嗅觉定向、田间背景气味复杂性和其对引诱剂的干扰等方面进行了综述与探讨，并对引诱剂配方组配过程中如何降低田间背景气味的干扰提出了相应的研发策略，以期促进植物源引诱剂的创新发展。 相似文献