共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
玉米顶腐病鉴定 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
报道了玉米顶腐病发生的系统性症状特点及病原菌鉴定的结果。玉米顶腐病抽穗前主要表现叶缘缺刻、叶片枯死、扭曲卷裹、弯头、顶叶丛生;抽穗后表现为叶片基部腐烂,叶鞘、茎秆腐烂,植株畸形。叶缘缺刻和叶片撕裂是顶腐病区别于其他病害的鉴别性特征。引起玉米顶腐病的病原菌小分生孢子呈假头状着生,而不是串珠状着生,因此,将该病原菌鉴定为亚粘团镰孢霉[Fusarium subglutinans（Wr．＆Reink．）Nelson,Toussoun ＆ Marasas]。引起茎、叶部两种症状的亚粘团镰孢霉同源性很高,在遗传上具有较高的相似性,是同一病原。与串珠镰孢霉复合侵染可加重病害的发生,其发病率较单独接菌高11．1％。 相似文献
2.
玉米顶腐病鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
报道了玉米顶腐病发生的系统性症状特点及病原菌鉴定的结果。玉米顶腐病抽穗前主要表?叶缘缺刻、叶片枯死、扭曲卷裹、弯头、顶叶丛生;抽穗后表?为叶片基部腐烂,叶鞘、茎秆腐烂,植株畸形。叶缘缺刻和叶片撕裂是顶腐病区别于其他病害的鉴别性特征。引起玉米顶腐病的病原菌小分生孢子呈假头状着生,而不是串珠状着生,因此,将该病原菌鉴定为亚粘团镰孢霉[Fusarium subglutinans(Wr.&;Reink.)Nelson,Toussoun&;Marasas]。引起茎、叶部两种症状的亚粘团镰孢霉同源性很高,在遗传上具有较高的相似性,是同一病原。与串珠镰孢霉复合侵染可加重病害的发生,其发病率较单独接菌高11.1%。 相似文献
3.
为了明确甘肃省枸杞根腐病病原种类、生态分布和优势病原菌的生物学特性,于2013年和2014年采集甘肃省各枸杞主产区根腐病患病植株样品,分离纯化后进行形态和分子鉴定,统计分离到的各主产区的病原种类,并对优势病原菌的适宜生长温度、光照条件、pH和碳氮源进行了研究。结果共分离到260株镰孢菌菌株,其中GSJT7-2和GSJY8-1分离频率分别为66.15%和26.92%,属优势种;将2株镰孢菌进行EF-1α基因序列分析及对比,菌株GSJT7-2(登录号:KM457089)与腐皮镰孢菌(Fusarium solani),GSJY8-1(登录号:KM457093)与尖镰孢菌(F.oxysporium)同源性达99%,在系统发育树中聚在一起,分别将它们的分类地位初步确定为腐皮镰孢菌和尖镰孢菌。甘肃各产区病原菌分离种类和频率有较大差异,靖远县以尖镰孢菌为主,占82.89%;其余采集地均以腐皮镰孢菌为主,均占80%以上。腐皮镰孢菌GSJT7-2和尖镰孢菌GSJY8-1在10~40℃内均能生长,最适温度分别为35℃和25℃,最适pH为8~9和8,均在12 h光暗交替条件下生长最快,供试碳氮源中GSJT7-2和GSJY8-1对蔗糖和Na NO3利用效果最好。 相似文献
4.
大豆根腐病原镰孢菌种群多样性DGGE分析及其致病性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
应用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术以及主成分分析方法,结合植物病原菌传统分离、鉴定及致病力测定,检测位于黑龙江省海伦市大豆连作定位试验区根腐病原镰孢菌的种群构成及其致病力。采用真菌传统分离和鉴定方法共确定镰孢菌6个种,包括燕麦镰孢Fusarium avenaceum、木贼镰孢F. equiseti、禾谷镰孢F. graminearum、腐皮镰孢F. solani、尖镰孢F. oxysporum和拟轮枝镰孢F. verticillioides。其中,尖镰孢菌的分离频率最高,为56.7%。结合DGGE条带克隆测序及系统发育分析鉴定出8种镰孢菌,较传统方法增加了黄色镰孢F. culmorum和一个尖镰孢近似种。同时,DGGE图谱中尖镰孢所占百分比下降为37.4%。采用主成分分析方法将大豆生育指标相关的多种变量进行降维分析,得到第一主成分贡献值为91.2%。按照贡献值的正负结果,将30株镰孢菌分为致病和非致病类群。第二主成分贡献值为5.8%,根据其正负值可以矫正被错误估计的致病能力。综合所有研究结果,该定位试验区大豆根腐病主要病原镰孢菌为尖镰孢、禾谷镰孢和燕麦镰孢,且以尖镰孢菌为优势病原菌。 相似文献
5.
为明确魔芋(Amorphophallus konjac)贮藏期干腐病病原菌种类及其生物学特性,筛选出有效防治药剂,对分离纯化的魔芋干腐病病原菌进行了形态学观察、生物学特性研究和EF-1α基因序列分析,并测定了11种药剂对其病原菌的室内抑制效果。结果表明,南方镰孢(Fusarium meridionale)和变红镰孢(Fusarium incarnatum)均能引起魔芋干腐病。两者最适温度均为25℃左右;最适p H为7;供试碳氮源中,最佳氮源均为酵母提取物,最佳碳源F.meridionale为可溶性淀粉,F.incarnatum为蔗糖。室内药效试验表明,11种药剂中以稀释2 000倍液的30%苯甲.丙环唑乳油对两种病原菌的抑菌效果较好,菌丝生长抑制率均达85%以上。 相似文献
6.
辽宁省辣椒土传病害镰刀菌鉴定及rDNA-ITS序列分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
［目的］ 对分离的辣椒镰刀菌形态、基因序列进行研究,以确定病原菌的种类及这些菌的同源性,为进一步开展该病害诊断和防治研究奠定基础。［方法］ 对采自辽宁省各地辣椒土传病害的16株病菌进行形态观察及rDNA-ITS序列分析。［结果］ 引起辽宁省辣椒土传病害的主要镰刀菌有尖镰孢、茄镰孢、锐顶镰孢和串珠镰孢等4种,根据菌株分生孢子形态和rDNA ITS序列同源性,将ZW13、LY3、PJLJ、HC5、CY2、CY5、TLLJ、LY5、LY1菌株聚类为尖镰孢;FSLJ2和FSLJ3菌株聚类为茄镰孢;ZW和ZW18菌株聚类为锐顶镰孢;KPLJ、LZLJ、FSLJ1菌株聚类为串珠镰孢。［结论］ 从分子系统树和菌株间的遗传距离看出镰刀菌同种同源性都很高,不同种之间同源性相对较低,种间遗传差异较大。 相似文献
7.
青海省青稞根腐病调查及病原菌鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确青海省青稞根腐病发生情况及其病原菌,于2016年6—9月对青海省海北藏族自治州海晏县、刚察县,海东市互助土族自治县苗期及成株期青稞上根腐病发生情况进行调查,采集19份根腐病样品,采用常规组织分离法对样品进行分离,并对分离菌株进行致病性测定,通过形态学特征及分子生物学方法对其进行鉴定。结果显示,青海省青稞根腐病分布广泛,发病率较高,为10%~20%;发病植株长势弱、发黄,茎基部缢缩腐烂,穗白粒瘪,茎秆发褐或黑红;19份样品中共分离纯化得到93株病原菌菌株,其中73株为燕麦镰孢Fusarium avenaceum,9株为木贼镰孢F.equiseti,11株为锐顶镰孢F.acuminatum;木贼镰孢的绝对病情指数最强,为79.43,燕麦镰孢次之,为50.90,锐顶镰孢最弱,为23.70,各病原种间及种内致病性差异显著。根据分离率及各病原菌致病性综合确定燕麦镰孢为青海省青稞根腐病的优势病原菌。 相似文献
8.
卵孢小奥德蘑Oudemansiella raphanipes是近年来成功驯化栽培的一种食药兼用的珍稀菌类,近年来随着其栽培面积的不断扩大,病害发生也越来越严重。作者在北京某卵孢小奥德蘑种植基地发现疑似蛛网病,为明确其病原菌,对发病子实体进行了病原菌分离,并综合其形态学特征、多基因系统发育分析和柯赫氏法则验证的结果,将卵孢小奥德蘑蛛网病病原菌鉴定为金黄菌寄生Hypomyces aurantius(无性阶段为异形枝葡霉Cladobotryum varium)。该病原菌菌丝生长的最适温度为20℃,最适碳源为木屑,最适氮源为黄豆粉,最适pH为6,光照对菌丝生长有一定的抑制作用;产孢最适温度为20℃,最适pH为8,最适氮源为麸皮,最适碳源为木屑;孢子萌发的最适营养液为0.2%葡萄糖溶液,最适温度为25℃,最适pH为6。研究结果为进一步明确卵孢小奥德蘑蛛网病的发生规律,制定科学的防治策略奠定了基础。 相似文献
9.
树莓茎溃疡病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国植保导刊》2019,(5)
在辽宁省沈阳市树莓园发现了一种新的茎溃疡病害,对其进行了组织分离、单孢纯化、致病性测定、形态学和分子生物学鉴定。结果表明,细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima)是引起此病害的病原菌。病原菌生物学特性研究表明,该病原菌菌落生长的最适培养基为PDA,最适碳源为麦芽糖,最适氮源为半胱氨酸,最适温度为25℃,光照对其无明显影响。本研究为细极链格孢(A. tenuissima)在我国引起树莓茎溃疡的首次报道。 相似文献
10.
黑龙江省马铃薯干腐病菌种类鉴定及致病性 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本研究将采自黑龙江省不同地区的马铃薯干腐病病样进行分离和病原菌纯化,得到27个镰刀菌菌株,通过致病性鉴定,其中的18个菌株具有致病性。运用培养性状和形态特征综合分析的方法,对上述18个菌株进行鉴定,结果显示为6种镰刀菌,分别为拟枝孢镰孢(Fusarium sporotrioides)、茄镰孢(F.solani)、接骨木镰孢(F.sam-bucinum)、拟丝孢镰孢(F.trichothecioides)、燕麦镰孢(F.avenaceum)和茄病镰孢蓝色变种(F.solanivar.coerule-um)。同时对上述6种镰刀菌进行致病性测定,结果表明不同种类镰刀菌致病性不同,以接骨木镰孢、燕麦镰孢和拟丝孢镰孢致病力最强,拟枝孢镰孢致病力最弱。 相似文献
11.
D.E. Goumas N.E. Malathrakis A.K. Chatzaki 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(9):927-932
A bacterial disease of tomato fruits was recorded during the winter in outdoor crops in Crete, causing damage of up to 30% in commercial production. Bacterial spots appeared on the upper surface of middle size immature fruit and the spots became larger with the increase of fruit size. Spots were round or elongated, superficial and lightly sunken, 1.5–2cm in diameter. The centre of the spots dried out and became progressively gray, brown to black-brown and had intensely coloured margins. The infected area did not develop into soft rot. The bacterium Pseudomonas viridiflava (Burkholder) Dowson was identified as the causal agent on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and pathological characters. This appears to be the first time that these symptoms have been described on tomato fruit. 相似文献
12.
H. J. Schouten 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1989,94(4):213-220
The rate of multiplication of fire blight causing bacteriumErwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al. depends on the availability of water. Water availability can be quantified by means of the parameter water potential. The relationship between water potential and relative multiplication rate ofE. amylovora was derived from experiments of L. Shaw (1935). This relationship appears to be applicable toE. amylovora in plant tissues and in nectar of flowers.Multiplication and expansion ofE. amylovora in a restricted space, e.g. an intercellular hole, creates a pressure, which may cause schizogenic cavities in soft tissue. Strong tissue, however, may be able to resist this multiplication pressure of the bacteria, so that symptom progression can be prevented. A hypothesis is formulated on how the multiplication pressure may be quantified by means of the parameter water potential. Expansion of bacterial ooze may alo be due to absorbtion of water without increase of dry weight (e.g. a daily cycle of shrinkage and expansion). This expansion may give rise to a swelling pressure, which again may be quantified by means of the parameter water potential.Samenvatting De vermenigvuldigingssnelheid van de bacterie die bacterievuur veroorzaakt (Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al.,), hangt af van de beschikbaarheid van water. De beschikbaarheid van water kan worden gekwantificeerd met de parameter waterpotentiaal. De relatie tussen waterpotentiaal en relatieve vermenigvuldigingssnelheid vanE. amylovora werd afgeleid uit experimenten van L. Shaw (1935, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca. Memoir 181). Deze relatie kan zowel worden toegepast op de pathogenese in planteweefsel als op de epifytische ontwikkeling in nektar.Vermenigvuldiging vanE. amylovora in een beperkte ruimte, bijvoorbeeld in een intercellulaire holte, creëert een druk, die tot scheuren van zacht weefsel kan leiden. Sterk weefsel kan de vermenigvuldigingsdruk van de bacteriën vermoedelijk wel weerstaan, zodat uitbreiding wordt verhinderd. In een hypothese wordt beschreven hoe de vermenigvuldigingsdruk zou kunnen worden gekwantificeerd met behulp van de parameter waterpotentiaal. Wateropname door bacterieslijm zonder toename van het drooggewicht (bijvoorbeeld een dagelijkse gang van krimpen en zwellen) kan ook leiden tot een druk. Deze druk kan eveneens worden berekend met de parameter waterpotentiaal. 相似文献
13.
Several seed extraction procedures, used for detection of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis ( Cmm ) in naturally infected and artificially infested tomato seed lots were evaluated. Extraction methods that included grinding the seeds were significantly better at detecting the pathogen in three different seed lots than methods that used only soaking. The detection threshold of Cmm in relation to seed sample size was determined by adding naturally infected seeds into samples of three different sizes. Cmm was detected by agar plating assay, on three media (CNS, mSCM, D2 ANX), and by direct PCR from seeds and Bio-PCR (bacteria cultured on agar media prior to PCR). In samples of 10 000 seeds containing one infected seed, Cmm could be detected only by Bio-PCR and in only one replicate out of five. In samples containing five or 10 infected seeds per 10 000 seeds, three of five and five of five replicates, respectively, were detected by the three detection methods. In samples of 5000 seeds, one infected seed could be detected in all five replicates only after adding a concentration step. A high correlation ( R 2 = 0·9448) between artificially infested seeds and the disease incidence was found. Seed lots infested with less than 58 colony-forming units (CFU) per g did not cause disease under glasshouse conditions, whereas lots with about 1000 CFU g−1 caused disease in 78 plants out of 2000. 相似文献
14.
生姜品种资源对姜瘟病的抗病性鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确引自国内外的不同生姜品种对姜瘟病的抗病性,于人工病圃内采用人工接种方法测定了58个生姜品种对姜瘟病的抗病性,并在无姜瘟病发生的试验田内,对各品种的农艺性状进行了测定。结果表明,供试生姜不同品种的抗病性差异明显,现有生姜品种多为高感、感病品种,其中,安徽阜阳大姜、四川犍为黄口姜、厦门同安土姜等3个品种表现为中抗,7个品种表现为轻抗,9个品种表现为感病,39个品种表现为高感。主要农艺性状测定结果表明,3个中抗品种的产量性状表现突出,是姜瘟病重发区推广应用的首选品种。 相似文献
15.
Ralstonia solanacearum strain OE1-1 causes bacterial wilt on tobacco plants. The popA -mutant 31b, derived from OE1-1 by insertion of transposon Tn 4431 , did not cause wilt on tobacco plants inoculated through the roots. However, when 31b was directly inoculated into xylem vessels, the tobacco plants wilted, similarly to those inoculated with OE1-1. 31b retained its exopolysaccharide productivity and its type-III secretion function. Furthermore, 31b grew in intercellular spaces and systemically infected tobacco plants, similarly to OE1-1. popA consists of an operon with popB and popC , and suppression of popB and popC expression resulting from polar mutation by transposon insertion did not affect the virulence of 31b. The mutated popA ( popA31b ) was composed of 960 nucleotides, including 39 derived from Tn 4431. A recombinant mutant from OE1-1, where popA31b was introduced by marker exchange, showed the same phenotype as 31b. PopA31b protein was extracellularly secreted by 31b co-cultured with Arabidopsis thaliana . These results suggest that PopA31b extracellularly secreted by 31b in intercellular spaces may be implicated in suppression of disease development, leading to inability of the bacteria to induce wilt on plants. Taken together, interactions between host plants and R. solanacearum existing in intercellular spaces immediately after invasion may be involved in disease development. 相似文献
16.
芒果Mangifera indica L.是我国著名的热带水果, 近年来细菌性病害发生严重。2020年－2021年对广西百色地区的芒果病害进行调查发现, 一种细菌性坏死病与细菌性黑斑病混合发生, 一般发病率30%~60%, 严重可达90%以上。本研究先后从该地区不同芒果坏死病组织中分离得到泛菌属的21株细菌。根据形态、生理生化特性、16S rDNA、fusA、gyrB、leuS、pyrG、rlpB和rpoB的多基因系统发育分析、致病性测定等方法将21个菌株分别鉴定为Pantoea vagans、P. anthophila、P. dispersa 和P. cypripedii。其中P. anthophila、P. dispersa 和P. cypripedii引起芒果细菌性坏死病是中国首次报道。 相似文献
17.
18.
T. Kawanishi S. Uematsu K. Nishimura T. Otani C. Tanaka-Miwa H. Hamamoto S. Namba 《Plant pathology》2009,58(2):237-242
A new selective medium (APCA medium) was developed for the isolation of Burkholderia caryophylli , the causal agent of carnation bacterial wilt, from both plants and soil. The optimal concentration and combination of antibiotics was investigated to determine the most selective condition for growing B . caryophylli . The resultant composition of the medium per litre was: 0·79 g (NH4 )2 SO4 , 1·0 g KH2 PO4 , 0·5 g MgSO4 · 7H2 O, 0·2 g KCl, 2·0 g D-arabinose, 5 mg crystal violet, 50 mg cycloheximide, 50 mg polymyxin B sulphate, 50 mg ampicillin sodium, 10 mg chloramphenicol, 25 mg blue tetrazolium, and 15 g agar. Plating efficiency ranged from 119 to 174% with an average of 141% compared to that of nutrient agar. The bacterium was successfully isolated from contaminated soil and plant tissues with this medium. Moreover, the medium almost completely inhibited the growth of other plant pathogenic bacteria and soil saprophytes. This selectivity was high enough to detect B . caryophylli in contaminated soil. 相似文献
19.
Naruto FURUYA Teruyuki MASUNAGA Abu Ashraf KHAN Kazuhiro IIYAMA Masaru MATSUMOTO Nobuaki MATSUYAMA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(4):316-322
A new bacterial disease of Russell prairie gentian (Eustoma grandiflorum) was found in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, in 1997. This disease was characterized by wilting and yellowing of the foliage.
A cross section of the stem of a diseased plant revealed a tan to yellow-brown discoloration of the vascular tissue. A nonfluorescent,
aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium was consistently isolated from infected plants. The bacteriological characteristics of 10
isolates of the bacterium coincided with those of the reference strains of Burkholderia caryophylli that were isolated from carnations. The bacterium, as well as the reference strains, attacked Russell prairie gentian and
carnation after artificial inoculation and reproduced the symptoms similar to those after natural infections. On the basis
of bacteriological characteristics and pathogenicities, the bacterium was identified as B. caryophylli. This is the first report of a disease caused by B. caryophylli on Russell prairie gentian ; therefore, bacterial wilt of Russell prairie gentian is proposed as the name of the disease.
Received 5 April 2000/ Accepted in revised form 11 July 2000 相似文献