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1.
Peng ZHAO 《干旱区科学》2019,11(3):461-476
Environmental heterogeneity significantly affects the structure of ecological communities. Exploring vegetation distribution and its relationship with environmental factors is essential to understanding the abiotic mechanism(s) driving vegetation succession, especially in the ecologically fragile areas. In this study, based on the quantitative analysis of plant community and environmental factors in 68 plots at 10 different transects in the Minqin oasis-desert ecotone(ODE) of northwestern China, we investigated desert vegetation distribution and species-environment relationships using multivariate analysis. Two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN), detrended correspondence analysis(DCA), and canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) methods were used. A total of 28 species, belonging to 27 genera in 8 families, were identified. Chenopodiaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Gramineae, and Leguminosae were the largest families. Annual and perennial herbs accounted for 28.60% of the total number of plants, while shrubs(42.90%) were the most dominant. Nitraria tangutorum was the constructive species of the desert plant community. We divided the 68 plots surveyed in this study into 7 community types, according to the results of TWINSPAN. The distribution of these 7 communities in the DCA ordination graph showed that species with a similar ecotype were clustered together. Results of CCA indicated that groundwater was the dominant factor influencing vegetation distribution, while distance between plot and oasis(Dis) and soil electrical conductivity(EC) were the local second-order factors. Our study suggests that optimizing the utilization of groundwater in oases is key to controlling the degradation of desert vegetation. The favorable topographic conditions of sand dunes should be fully utilized for vegetal dune stabilization, and the influence of soil salinity on the selection of afforestation tree species should be considered.  相似文献   

2.
The influence of edaphic factors on plant distribution is essential to community ecology and important for vegetation restoration and management in arid ecosystems. In this study, desert plant distribution and diversity as well as soil water, salinity, and nutrients were measured in the Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve (ELWNR) in arid Northwest China. We determined relationships between plant distribution and soil factors along a transect with increasing distance from the river and created optimal models using soil factors to explain variations in plant diversity. In general, soil factors decreased with increasing distance from the river. Soil volumetric water content (SVWC), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) were closely related to plant distribution. According to canonical correspondence analysis, plants along the transect were divided into three groups: saline–alkaline tolerant, drought tolerant, and high P-demanding. SVWC, pH, soil organic carbon (C), N, P, and S account for 93.8% of the variations in plant diversity in the ELWNR. Compared with other soil factors, S explained the largest percentage of variations in diversity when single soil variables were considered in generalized additive models (R2?=?38.9%). Our results suggest increases in soil pH, P, N, and S would improve plant diversity significantly. We found differences among species groups in preference for habitat, and N and S content had a significant positive effect of on plant diversity, providing a scientific reference for plant restoration and saline soil remediation in desert ecosystems.  相似文献   

3.
Saline wetlands are rare ecosystems in Saharan areas,which are important for conservation of many endemic and rare plant species.In this study,we investigated five saline wetland sites of the Oued Righ region,located in the northeastern Algeria,to determine the environmental factors controlling the composition and distribution of plant communities.We established a total of 20 transects to measure the vegetation parameters(density and cover) and soil characteristics(electrical conductivity,moisture,pH,CaSO_4,CaCO_3,organic matter,Na~+,K~+,Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+),SO_4~(2–),Cl~–,NO_3~– and HCO_3~–).A total of 17 plant species belonging to seven families were identified.The natural vegetation was composed of halophytic and hydro-halophytic plant communities,presented specially by the species of Amaranthaceae family.Soils in the studied wetlands were moist,gypsiferous,alkaline,salty to very salty with dominance of chloride and calcium.Results of the Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) showed that community structure and species distribution patterns of vegetation were mainly dependent on soil characteristics,mainly being soil salinity(CaSO_4,K~+,Ca~(2+) and Cl~–) and moisture.The distribution of plant species was found to follow a specific zonal pattern.Halocnemum strobilaceum was observed to grow in highly salt-affected soils,thus being the more salt-tolerant species.Phragmites communis plants were widely distributed in the study area with a high density at the edges of accumulated water body.Juncus maritimus,Tamarix gallica and Salicornia fructicosa grew in soils that are partially or completely flooded in winter.Suaeda fructicosa,Traganum nudatum,Arthrocnemum glaucum,Aeluropus littoralis,Cressa cretica and Cynodon dactylon were distributed in salty and moist soils away from the open water body.Plants of Zygophyllum album,Limonastrirum guyonianum,Cornulaca monacantha,Cistanche tinctoria,Mollugo nudicaulis and Sonchus maritimus were found in soils with less salty and moisture.They constituted the outermost belt of vegetation in the studied wetlands.This study will provide a reference on introducing the salt-tolerant plant species as a fodder resource in saline habitats and regenerating the degraded saline wetlands.  相似文献   

4.
应用重要值计算多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数,对艾比湖流域植被分布及物种多样性进行分析。结果表明：① 研究区域内可划分出10个群落,其中多枝柽柳群落(Form.Tamarix ramosissima)分布最为广泛。② 湖岸植被表现出明显的带状分布特点,并且群落物种多样性随地势发生变化,地势高的地方,物种多样性较高,均匀度较好。③ 在南北断面内,影响植物生长的主要因素为土壤含盐量。随着土壤盐分的增加,物种种类趋向单一,群落结构趋向简单。相反物种多样性随着土壤盐分的减少而增大。④ 受风况和土壤含盐量的影响,南北断面植被组成差异较大,且在近湖岸范围内,南断面植物群落物种多样性和植物生长状态明显优于北断面。  相似文献   

5.
羊草和脱硫石膏对内蒙古河套地区盐渍化土壤的改良效果   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为了解脱硫石膏和耐盐植物改良与培肥盐渍化土壤的作用与效果,在内蒙古河套地区硫酸盐盐渍化土壤上设置田间试验,测定施用脱硫石膏(30 t·hm-2)与不施用脱硫石膏并种植羊草后土壤盐分及基础理化性质的变化。结果表明:春季灌溉可大幅度降低土体p H值、电导率(EC)和盐分离子浓度,施用脱硫石膏可加快降低土壤碱度,主要盐分离子Na+和SO42-分别降低了80%和39%以上,但EC略有提高,导致养分淋失;羊草对脱硫石膏有良好的反应,生物量提高了30%,但全磷含量降低了22%,全氮、全钾含量没有显著变化;种植羊草降低Na+和SO42-含量至3.38 mg·kg-1和132.27 mg·kg-1,且土壤有机质和碱解氮含量分别提高了12%和37%,同时施用脱硫石膏效果更好一些。说明脱硫石膏与羊草之间具有一定的相互作用,可加速盐渍化土壤改良的进程,但需要注意的是应适当增加施用P、K肥料,以补充养分不足。  相似文献   

6.
Naï  ma 《干旱区科学》2016,8(6):948-959
Saline wetlands are rare ecosystems in Saharan areas, which are important for conservation of many endemic and rare plant species. In this study, we investigated five saline wetland sites of the Oued Righ region, located in the northeastern Algeria, to determine the environmental factors controlling the composition and distribution of plant communities. We established a total of 20 transects to measure the vegetation parameters (density and cover) and soil characteristics (electrical conductivity, moisture, pH, CaSO4, CaCO3, organic matter, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SO42–, Cl–, NO3– and HCO3–). A total of 17 plant species belonging to seven families were identified. The natural vegetation was composed of halophytic and hydro-halophytic plant communities, presented specially by the species of Amaranthaceae family. Soils in the studied wetlands were moist, gypsiferous, alkaline, salty to very salty with dominance of chloride and calcium. Results of the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that community structure and species distribution patterns of vegetation were mainly dependent on soil characteristics, mainly being soil salinity (CaSO4, K+, Ca2+ and Cl–) and moisture. The distribution of plant species was found to follow a specific zonal pattern. Halocnemum strobilaceum was observed to grow in highly salt-affected soils, thus being the more salt-tolerant species. Phragmites communis plants were widely distributed in the study area with a high density at the edges of accumulated water body. Juncus maritimus, Tamarix gallica and Salicornia fructicosa grew in soils that are partially or completely flooded in winter. Suaeda fructicosa, Traganum nudatum, Arthrocnemum glaucum, Aeluropus littoralis, Cressa cretica and Cynodon dactylon were distributed in salty and moist soils away from the open water body. Plants of Zygophyllum album, Limonastrirum guyonianum, Cornulaca monacantha, Cistanche tinctoria, Mollugo nudicaulis and Sonchus maritimus were found in soils with less salty and moisture. They constituted the outermost belt of vegetation in the studied wetlands. This study will provide a reference on introducing the salt-tolerant plant species as a fodder resource in saline habitats and regenerating the degraded saline wetlands.  相似文献   

7.

In some field and laboratory studies , H2SO4 has shown better reclamation efficiency than gypsum, but the explanation for this has been debated. We tested the hypothesis that significant amounts of HCO might be formed during the reaction of HSO3 with CaCO3 leading to additional Ca2+ in solution and enhanced displacement of exchangeble Na +. To determine if H2SO4 is more efficient than gypsum , we compared four equivalent treatments of H2SO4 and gypsum on three soils and two clay minerals. Gypsum and H2SO4 were reacted with calcareous sodic soils and clay minerals in closed-system batch studies, with CO2 pressures typical of soil root zones. Column studies comparing two equivalent treatments of H2SO4 and gypsum were conducted on one of the soils and produced results comparable to the batch studies. Soluble ions, electrical conductivities (EC), and mineral saturation indices were determined and compared between treatments . Clay dispersion and average dispersed particle size were compared between amendments on bentonite . When H2SO4 was applied to calcite in the absence of exchangeable sodium (soil), the solution was fourfold oversaturated with respect to gypsum. This was not observed in the soils because the exchange phase of the soil was a sink for Ca2+. In the soils, there was significantly more HCO3 in all H2SO4 treatments, with an average of 8 % of the H+ applied producing H3CO3. The concentration of dispersed clay was significantly less in three of the four H2SO4 treatments on bentonite , while the mean particle diameter was significantly larger in two of the four treatments , suggesting better tactoid preservation . Compared to equivalent soil gypsum treat ments, H2SO4 generally caused (1) lower sodium adsorption ratios , (2) more soluble Ca 2+ and Mg2+, (3) lower pH , and (4) greater EC. In the calcareous sodic soils and clays we tested , it appears gypsum supersaturation , HCO3 production , lower pH , and higher EC frequently contributed to better reclamation with H2SO4.  相似文献   

8.
The study was conducted on the weed flora of the main irrigated crops of the Guadalquivir Valley. The TWINSPAN (Two Way Indicator Species Analysis) method was applied for each crop separately to all the species present as well as to their degree of infestation. The results indicated that soil texture may markedly influence the flora, whereas the effects of pH and carbonate content were less important. The climatic differences found in the three areas studied were of little importance. The type of irrigation markedly influenced the flora, although it was always related to edaphic factors, especially texture and slope. In general, the weed flora found in the crops can be divided into two communities. One is characterized by species such as Ridolfia segetum, Picris echioides, Phalaris brachystachys, Phalaris paradoxa and Chrozophora tinctoria and the second by Capsella bursa-pastoris, Cyperus rotundus, Paspalum paspalodes, Digitaria sanguinalis, Sorghum halepense and Portulaca oleracea. The first community comprises weeds in the higher altitudes, further away from the riverbed, with a soil of clayey texture, a high slope and irrigated with sprinklers. The second community comprises the flora of flat areas, with sandy soils, located in the middle and low river terraces and furrow irrigated.  相似文献   

9.
青海湖流域沙柳河草甸群落结构与数量特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
沿青海湖流域沙柳河河岸,选取多个断面进行样方调查,分析沿沙柳河距河流入湖处不同距离、垂直河岸方向上草甸群落结构、地上生物量以及物种多样性的变化特征,并讨论影响群落结构变化的生境因子。结果表明：① 在所调查的样地中,有草本植物52种,隶属39属,13科。平均总盖度为70%,平均地上生物量为131 g•m-2。② 随着离湖距离的增加,Shannon-Wiener指数、物种丰富度、物种均匀度指数、地上生物量呈现先增加后略微减小的趋势,盖度的变化趋势是先增加后不变。土壤含水量和土壤含盐量、海拔等可能是影响植物群落空间分布差异的主要原因。③ Shannon-Wiener指数、物种丰富度与地上生物量呈现不明显的线性关系。  相似文献   

10.
沟渠边坡是物种传播的廊道之一,在物种传播与演替进程中起重要的作用。采用主分量分析和PCA排序的方法,对宁夏平原沟渠边坡的优势植物群落与其环境影响因子进行了定量分析。结果表明：宁夏平原沟渠边坡植物群落的主要影响因子是土壤水分和土壤有机质,且土壤盐分与植物群落的优势度和生物多样性之间有Y2=0.516-0.005X1+0.506X2的关系,可以根据此模型对宁夏平原沟渠湿地的土壤盐分和植物种群多样性及生态优势度做出具体的数学解释。同时表明,沟渠边坡水分梯度和土壤养分是决定其植物分布的主要影响因素。沟渠作为干旱半干旱区绿洲的重要水利设施,从获取最大用水效率、减少水分损失角度,可以高效地通过植物群落控水控肥;而从沟渠强化水文生态效益的角度,则可以提高沟渠湿地的水文循环效率。  相似文献   

11.
Understanding the characteristics of soil seed banks in sand dunes is crucial to stabilize the dune systems and maintain the plant populations in deserts. In this study, we conducted a survey investigation in the field and a seed germination experiment in the laboratory to explore the characteristics of soil seed banks at various geomorphic positions of longitudinal sand dunes in the Gurbantunggut Desert, China. Totally, 17 plant species belonging to 17 genera and 9 families were identified in soil seed banks, and 35 plant species belonging to 34 genera and 17 families were identified in aboveground vegetation. Plant species richness in soil seed banks decreased with increasing soil depth. The highest species richness was presented in the upper slope of the windward slope and the lowest species richness was presented in the base of the windward slope. There was no significant difference in seed density of soil seed banks among the examined seven geomorphic positions. The highest seed density occurred in the lower slope of the leeward slope while the lowest occurred in the crest. Moreover, seed density decreased with increasing soil depth, being the highest in the upper soil layer(0–2 cm). For both soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation, there was no significant difference in Simpson's diversity index among the seven geomorphic positions; however, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou's evenness index showed significant differences among the seven geomorphic positions. Those results showed that although there was no significant difference in seed density of soil seed banks among the seven geomorphic positions, the geomorphic positions significantly affected the species richness, diversity and distribution of soil seed banks. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of soil seed banks at different geomorphic positions of sand dunes is essential to vegetation restoration or reestablishment. Furthermore, the Jaccard's similarity coefficients of plant species between soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation at the seven geomorphic positions were low, suggesting that vegetation restoration or reestablishment processes should be promoted through adding seeds to surface layers.  相似文献   

12.
Lang QIU 《干旱区科学》2019,11(1):135-147
In semi-arid region of northwestern China, underground mining subsidence often results in decreased vegetation coverage, impoverishment of soil fertility and water stress. In addition, the physical-chemical and biological properties of soil also change, resulting in more susceptible to degradation. In particular, subsidence causes disturbance of the symbioses of plant and microbe that can play a beneficial role in the establishment of vegetation communities in degraded ecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of revegetation with exotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) inoculum on the chemical and biological properties of soil over time in mining subsidence areas. Soils were sampled at a depth up to 30 cm in the adjacent rhizosphere of Amorpha fruticose Linn. from five reclaimed vegetation communities in northwestern China. In August 2015, a field trial was set up with five historical revegetation experiments established in 2008(7-year), 2011(4-year), 2012(3-year), 2013(2-year) and 2014(1-year), respectively. Each reclamation experiment included two treatments, i.e., revegetation with exotic AMF inoculum(AMF) and non-AMF inoculum(the control). Root mycorrhizal colonization, glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP), soil organic carbon(SOC), soil nutrients, and enzyme activities were also assessed. The results showed that mycorrhizal colonization of inoculated plants increased by 33.3%–163.0% compared to that of non-inoculated plants(P<0.05). Revegetation with exotic AMF inoculum also significantly improved total GRSR(T-GRSP) and easily extracted GRSP(EE-GRSP) concentrations compared to control, besides the T-GRSP in 1-year experiment and the EE-GRSP in 2-year experiment. A significant increase in SOC content was only observed in 7-year AMF reclaimed soils compared to non-AMF reclaimed soils. Soil total N(TN), Olsen phosphorus(P) and available potassium(K) were significantly higher in inoculated soil after 1–7 years of reclamation(except for individual cases), and increased with reclamation time(besides soil Olsen P). The exotic AMF inoculum markedly increased the average soil invertase, catalase, urease and alkaline phosphatase by 23.8%, 21.3%, 18.8% and 8.6%, respectively(P<0.01), compared with the control. Root mycorrhizal colonization was positively correlated with soil parameters(SOC, TN and soil available K) and soil enzyme activities(soil invertase, catalase, urease and alkaline phosphatase) in both AMF and non-AMF reclaimed soils(P<0.05), excluding availableK in non-AMF reclaimed soils. T-GRSP(P<0.01) and EE-GRSP(P<0.05) were significantly correlated with the majority of edaphic factors, except for soil Olsen P. The positive correlation between root mycorrhizal colonization and available K was observed in AMF reclaimed soils, indicating that the AMF reclaimed soil with a high root mycorrhizal colonization could potentially accumulate available K in soils. Our findings concluded that revegetation with exotic AMF inoculum influenced soil nutrient availability and enzyme activities in the semi-arid ecosystem, suggesting that inoculating AMF can be an effective method to improve soil fertility and support restoration of vegetation communities under poor conditions like soil nutrient deficiency and drought.  相似文献   

13.
Plant phenotypic plasticity is a common feature that is crucial for explaining interspecific competition, dynamics and biological evolution of plant communities. In this study, we tested the effects of soil CaCO_3(calcium carbonate) on the phenotypic plasticity of a psammophyte, Artemisia ordosica, an important plant species on sandy lands in arid and semi-arid areas of China, by performing pot experiments under different CaCO_3 contents with a two-factor randomized block design and two orthogonal designs. We analyzed the growth responses(including plant height, root length, shoot-leaf biomass and root biomass) of A. ordosica seedlings to different soil CaCO_3 contents. The results revealed that, with a greater soil CaCO_3 content, A. ordosica seedlings gradually grew more slowly, with their relative growth rates of plant height, root length, shoot-leaf biomass and root biomass all decreasing significantly. Root N/P ratios showed significant negative correlations with the relative growth rates of plant height, shoot-leaf biomass and root length of A. ordosica seedlings; however, the relative growth rate of root length increased significantly with the root P concentration increased, showing a positive correlation. These results demonstrate that soil CaCO_3 reduces the local P availability in soil, which produces a non-adaptive phenotypic plasticity to A. ordosica seedlings. This study should prove useful for planning and promoting the restoration of damaged/degraded vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas of China.  相似文献   

14.
塔里木河下游植被种间关系与稳定性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
在样方调查的基础上,对塔里木河下游的英苏、喀尔达依、阿拉干和依干不及麻4个监测断面的样地植被状况进行调查,在2×2列联表基础上,采用方差比率法(VR),应用联结系数(AC)、χ2检验与M. Godron稳定性测度方法对植被群落进行了种间联结分析与稳定性研究,得到如下结论:①总体相关性检验结果表明,4个断面中没有出现显著正联结的植物群落,塔里木河下游植物群落演替目前尚未达到稳定水平,且阿拉干与依干不及麻断面的植物群落正处于发育初期。②植物群落种间关系不显著,分布松散,更倾向于独立分布。群落的结构不稳定,存在于同一个样地内种对之间的依赖性不强,个别区域植物群落物种之间存在一定的竞争关系与排它作用。③根据已有的种间关系,可将塔里木河下游的植物群落划分为3个生态种组。  相似文献   

15.
The Loess Plateau of China has experienced extensive vegetation restoration in the past several decades,which leads to great changes in soil properties such as soil bulk,porosity,and organic matter with the vegetation restoration age.And these soil properties have great effect on the soil infiltration and soil hydraulic conductivity.However,the potential changes in soil hydraulic conductivity caused by vegetation restoration age have not been well understood.This study was conducted to investigate the changes in soil hydraulic conductivity under five grasslands with different vegetation restoration ages(3,10,18,28 and 37 years)compared to a slope farmland,and further to identify the factors responsible for these changes on the Loess Plateau of China.At each site,accumulative infiltration amount and soil hydraulic conductivity were determined using a disc permeameter with a water supply pressure of –20 mm.Soil properties were measured for analyzing their potential factors influencing soil hydraulic conductivity.The results showed that the soil bulk had no significant changes over the initial 20 years of restoration(P0.05);the total porosity,capillary porosity and field capacity decreased significantly in the grass land with 28 and 37 restoration ages compared to the slope farmland;accumulative infiltration amount and soil hydraulic conductivity were significantly enhanced after 18 years of vegetation restoration.However,accumulative infiltration amount and soil hydraulic conductivity fluctuated over the initial 10 years of restoration.The increase in soil hydraulic conductivity with vegetation restoration was closely related to the changes in soil texture and structure.Soil sand and clay contents were the most influential factors on soil hydraulic conductivity,followed by bulk density,soil porosity,root density and crust thickness.The Pearson correlation coefficients indicated that the soil hydraulic conductivity was affected by multiply factors.These results are helpful to understand the changes in hydrological and erosion processes response to vegetation succession on the Loess Plateau.  相似文献   

16.
对延庆县龙庆峡荒滩恢复初期植被和土壤特征的变化进行了研究。结果表明:荒滩恢复过程中,人工植被长势良好,植物种类由恢复前的13种增加到60种,群落物种的丰富度指数、均匀度指数、多样性指数均比恢复前显著提高;生活型谱中一、二年生草本植物的比例由恢复前的61.5%降低到35%,植被盖度由恢复前的18%增加到80%。植被的恢复使土壤理化性质发生了变化,与恢复前相比土壤中有机质、碱解氮、速效钾以及细砂、极细砂、粉砂、粘粒含量显著增加,pH值和速效磷含量降低。  相似文献   

17.
Understanding the spatial pattern of plant species diversity and the influencing factors has important implications for the conservation and management of ecosystem biodiversity. The transitional zone between biomes in desert ecosystems, however, has received little attention in that regard. In this study, we conducted a quantitative field survey(including 187 sampling plots) in a 40-km~2 study area to determine the spatial pattern of plant species diversity and analyze the influencing factors in a Gobi Desert within the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China. A total of 42 plant species belonging to 16 families and 39 genera were recorded. Shrub and semi-shrub species generally represented the major part of the plant communities(covering 90% of the land surface), while annual and perennial herbaceous species occupied a large proportion of the total recorded species(71%). Patrick richness index(R), Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H'), Simpson's dominance index(D), and Pielou's evenness index(J) were all moderately spatially variable, and the variability increased with increasing sampling area. The semivariograms for R and H' were best fitted with Gaussian models while the semivariograms for D and J were best fitted with exponential models. Nugget-to-still ratios indicated a moderate spatial autocorrelation for R, H', and D while a strong spatial autocorrelation was observed for J. The spatial patterns of R and H' were closely related to the geographic location within the study area, with lower values near the oasis and higher values near the mountains. However, there was an opposite trend for D. R, H', and D were significantly correlated with elevation, soil texture, bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and total porosity(P0.05). Generally speaking, locations at higher elevations tended to have higher species richness and diversity and the higher elevations were characterized by higher values in sand and gravel contents, bulk density, and saturated hydraulic conductivity and also by lower values in total porosity. Furthermore, spatial variability of plant species diversity was dependent on the sampling area.  相似文献   

18.
在样方调查的基础上,对塔里木河下游的英苏、喀尔达依、阿拉干和依干不及麻4个监测断面的样地植被状况进行调查,在2×2列联表基础上,采用方差比率法(VR),应用联结系数(AC)、c2检验与M.Godron稳定性测度方法对植被群落进行了种间联结分析与稳定性研究,得到如下结论：① 总体相关性检验结果表明,4个断面中没有出现显著正联结的植物群落,塔里木河下游植物群落演替目前尚未达到稳定水平,且阿拉干与依干不及麻断面的植物群落正处于发育初期。② 植物群落种间关系不显著,分布松散,更倾向于独立分布。群落的结构不稳定,存在于同一个样地内种对之间的依赖性不强,个别区域植物群落物种之间存在一定的竞争关系与排它作用。③ 根据已有的种间关系,可将塔里木河下游的植物群落划分为3个生态种组。  相似文献   

19.
Spatial heterogeneity is a ubiquitous feature in natural ecosystems,especially in arid regions.Different species and their discontinuous distribution,accompanied by varied topographic characteristics,result in soil resources distributed differently in different locations,and present significant spatial heterogeneity in desert ecosystems.In this study,conventional and geostatistical methods were used to identify the heterogeneity of soil chemical properties in two desert populations,Haloxylon persicum Bunge ex Boss.,which dominates on the slopes and tops of sand dunes and Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Bunge,which inhabits interdunes in the Gurbantunggut Desert of Xinjiang,China.The results showed that soil pH,electrical conductivity (EC),soil organic carbon (SOC),available nitrogen (AN) and available phosphorus (AP) were significantly higher in H.ammodendron populations than that in H.persicum.The coefficient of variation (CV) indicated that (1) most parameters presented a moderate degree of variability (10%＜CV＜100%) except pH in both plots,(2) the variability of soil pH,EC and AP in H.ammodendron populations was higher than that in H.persicum populations,and (3) SOC and AN in H.ammodendron populations were lower than that in H.persicurn populations.Geostatistical analysis revealed a strong spatial dependence (Co/(Co+C)＜25%) within the distance of ranges for all tested parameters in both plots.The Kriging-interpolated figures showed that the soil spatial distribution was correlated with the vegetation distribution,individual size of plants,and the topographic features,especially with the plants nearest to sampling points and the topographic features.In each plot,soil EC,SOC,AN and AP presented similar distributions,and fertile islands and salt islands occurred in both plots but did not affect every individual plant,since the sampling distance was larger than the size of such fertile islands.The results of topographic effects on soil heterogeneity suggested significant differences between the interdunes and dune-tops.Different topographic characteristics (physical factors) between plots result in the differences in SOC,AN and AP,while the heterogeneity of soil pH and EC arise from plant species and their distribution (biotic factor).Such biotic and physical factors did not occur in isolation,but worked together on soil heterogeneity,and played important parts in improving the soil properties.Hence these factors were ecologically valuable in the highly resource-stressed arid study area.  相似文献   

20.
石羊河中下游河岸带植被对地下水位变化的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过对石羊河中下游河岸带的地下水位定位观测及植被和土壤水盐含量调查发现：河岸带地下水位与河床横向间距呈正相关;在长流水河段的河岸带,以植被类型、物种丰富度和植被盖度与河床间距的关系,判断河流影响地下水位距河床的范围约为130 m,但对于河岸带植被作用距河床横向间距可达500 m。在断流河段,距古河床0~200 m区间内分布河岸植物种。虽然石羊河下游断流,但河流地貌影响地下水位,有利于植物生长。调查区域内有5个植被型,12个群系和29个群丛,河岸带发育隐域植被类型。当地下水位≤2 m时,沼泽草甸发育;当地下水位3~6 m时,以芦苇、赖草和骆驼蓬为建群种的盐化草甸发育;地下水位≤14 m时,则柽柳灌丛繁茂。石羊河的径流量丰欠影响河岸带地下水位变化,河岸带植被组成、结构和分布响应地下水位埋深。
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