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我国烟草根结线虫病发生与防治研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
烟草根结线虫病是一种严重影响烟叶产量和质量的重要病害之一。近年来,随着烟叶种植布局的优化调整以及大气温室效应的影响,烟草根结线虫病在全国各烟区的危害逐年加重,因此必须加强对烟草根结线虫病的发生与防治研究。本文详细综述了我国烟草根结线虫病的发生分布、危害损失、致病机制、发病规律及防治措施等研究进展,并对烟草根结线虫的鉴定技术、协同致病、抗病育种以及新型防控技术进行了总结和展望。明确了我国烟草根结线虫病优势种为南方根结线虫,并且多种根结线虫混发的现象逐步增加。同时,发现由烟草根结线虫病诱发的多种其他根茎类病害的危害逐年加重。通过加强烟草根结线虫发生动态监测、合理布局抗病品种、应用针对性的农业防治、生态防治和生物防治等综合防治措施,可以逐步实现对烟草根结线虫病的绿色防控,从而促进烟草产业的健康发展。 相似文献
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拟禾本科根结线虫是严重影响水稻产量的植物寄生线虫之一,已成为制约中国及亚洲地区水稻产量的重大问题。拟禾本科根结线虫寄主范围广泛,可危害高地、低洼地和深水水稻;通过巨细胞从水稻根中摄取营养物质,从而在根系上形成许多弯钩状根结;其食道腺分泌物可以直接对水稻产生危害,影响水稻细胞代谢和免疫,从而影响水稻产量。目前水稻抗根结线虫病的品种较少,主要通过化学药剂在苗床进行防治。本文对拟禾本科根结线虫的寄主范围、危害特性、侵染特点、致病机制及防治方法等进行了综述,并对将来通过基因编辑等遗传工程技术提高水稻品种抗性的策略进行了展望,以期为我国水稻拟禾本科根结线虫的防治提供理论依据。 相似文献
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杀线虫植物内生细菌和根际放线菌对根结线虫的防效 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为了获得防治植物寄生线虫的微生物菌种资源和防效稳定的生防菌剂,以松材线虫为靶标,采用直接触杀法对植物根际放线菌和内生细菌进行了筛选,通过盆栽试验测定了筛选到的菌株发酵液对根结线虫的防治效果,并将有初步防效的菌株制成固体菌剂,分别测定单菌剂和复合菌剂的防效。共筛选到16株放线菌和4株内生细菌具有杀线虫活性,其中2株放线菌和3株内生细菌的发酵液对根结线虫防效明显;放线菌和内生细菌混合发酵液均保持了对根结线虫的抑制作用,但是放线菌和细菌菌株的固体菌剂混合后对根结线虫的防效低于细菌单菌株的防效。植物内生细菌BCM2和CCM7单菌株的固体菌剂对番茄根结线虫的防效最高,分别达到了83.31%和83.07%。表明高杀线虫活性的植物内生细菌制备的固体菌剂具有应用潜力。 相似文献
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4种药剂对豇豆根结线虫病的防治效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了更好地防治豇豆根结线虫病,对4种杀线虫剂进行了田间防效评价试验。结果表明,供试的4种药剂均对豇豆根结线虫有一定的防效,能控制土壤中２龄幼虫的数量和抑制根结的形成,其中10％噻唑膦颗粒剂对豇豆根结线虫的防效最好,具有低残留、持效期长等优点,可作为防治豇豆根结线虫的首选药剂; 其次为５％阿维菌素颗粒剂。同时供试的4种药剂在试验剂量范围内均对豇豆安全,建议在生产上推广应用10％噻唑膦颗粒剂和５％阿维菌素颗粒剂来防治豇豆根结线虫病。 相似文献
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十五种根结线虫病害的病原鉴定 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
从全国的不同地区采集的15种植物根结线虫病的病原,按照国际根结线虫协作组综合鉴定方法,对每种病原进行了分类鉴定。其中,花生、葡萄、唐松草(均采自北京)根结线虫病的病原都属于北方根结线虫;月季根结线虫病的病原(北京)有一种是北方根结线虫,另一种是花生根结线虫2号小种;泡桐根结线虫病的病原(河南禹县)也属于花生根结线虫2号小种;烟草(河南郑州)、番茄(湖南长沙)、西瓜(湖南长沙)、白菜(江西南昌)、萝芙木(广西南宁)和栀子(广西南宁)根结线虫病的病原都属于南方根结线虫1号小种;在广西南宁采集的美登木根结线虫病病原有一种是南方根结线虫1号小种,另一种是爪哇根结线虫;黄瓜(北京)和柳树(广西桂林)根结线虫病的病原都属于爪哇根线虫;在广东海南岛采集的青皮象耳豆根结线虫病的病原是国际上没有报道过的新种,定名为象耳豆根结线虫(Meloidogyne enterolobii)。 相似文献
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根结线虫是威胁我国蔬菜生产的最重要病原物类群之一，寄主达3 000多种，每年造成的蔬菜损失价值高达5亿美元，目前缺乏安全高效的防治方法。近年来，随着保护地蔬菜种植面积的增加，根结线虫病对我国蔬菜生产的危害逐年加重，因此必须加强对蔬菜根结线虫病发生、致害和防治的深入研究。该文对近10来年我国根结线虫的发生分布和危害、主要种类、鉴定和快速诊断方法、成灾规律、与植物的互作及机理、绿色防控等方面的研究进展进行综述，并展望我国根结线虫的研究趋势。 相似文献
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米乐尔防治花生根结线虫病花生根结线虫病对花生产量影响很大。由于二溴氯丙烷乳剂禁用，到目前为止还没有一种农药取而代之，近几年虽然推广铁灭克等杀线虫剂，药效却不理想；米乐尔是一种广谱、低毒杀虫、杀线虫剂，１９９２年我站引进该药进行防治花生根结线虫病试验。... 相似文献
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从广西南宁、柳州、桂林、钦州等地区采集的35号植物根结线虫病标本,按照国际根结线虫协作组(IMP)综合鉴定方法,对种每根结线虫病的病原线虫进行分类鉴定,其结果如下:来自南宁的穗状鸡冠花、胡椒、雍菜、胡罗卜、芭蕉芋、鸡蛋果、芜荽(香菜)、苋莱、茄子、吉庆果,萝芙木、桅子根结线虫病的病原都属南方根结线虫(Meloidog- yne incognita)1号小种.凤仙花、辣椒、雍菜、番茄、美登木根结线虫病的病原有一种是南方根结线虫1号小种,另一种是爪哇根结线虫(M.javanica).甜叶菊、姜根结线虫病的病原有一种是南方根结线虫1号小种,另一种是花生根结线虫(M.ar- enaria)1号小种.罗汉果、丝瓜、红麻根线虫病的病原有一种是爪哇根结线虫,另结一种是花生根结线虫1号小种.来自柳州的吉庆果、四季海棠的根结线虫病的病原是爪哇根结线虫.黄麻、黄穗苋的根结线虫病的病原是南方根结线1号小种.红穗苋和独头鸡冠花的病原一种是南方根结线虫1号小种,另一种是爪哇根结线虫.来自桂林的罗汉果、黄麻、柳树根结线虫病的病原一种是南方根结线虫1号小种,另一种是爪哇根结线虫.荷包豆根结线虫的病原是南方根结线虫1号小种.来自合浦的花生根结线虫病的病原是花生根结线虫1号小种.浦北的芹菜根结线虫病的病原一种是南方根结线虫1号小种 相似文献
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水稻根结线虫病是严重危害水稻生产的主要病害之一,目前尚无成本低且安全有效的防控方法。本研究通过田间小区试验评价了直播、移栽和直播前撒施0.2 kg/667 m 210%噻唑膦颗粒剂(GR)3种种植方式下水稻根结线虫病发生及危害情况。结果表明,与直播相比,移栽田移栽后25 d水稻根结线虫的抑制率达到94.26%,根结指数为1.97,与直播前撒施0.2 kg/667 m 210%噻唑膦GR化学药剂处理组无显著差异;移栽后55 d水稻根结线虫的抑制率为58.56%。同时,移栽田移栽后25 d和55 d根结线虫2龄幼虫虫口减退率分别达到77.63%和72.22%。此外,移栽田水稻株高与根长均高于直播处理组及直播前撒施10%噻唑膦GR处理组;产量比直播处理组增加26.34%,直播处理组产量和直播前撒施10%噻唑膦GR处理组没有显著差异。因此,在水稻根结线虫病发生严重的田块采用移栽方式种植,可显著抑制根结线虫的发生为害,是一种安全、有效的防控措施。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Chemical inducers of pathogenesis-related proteins and plant resistance were applied to tomato plants, with the aim of inducing resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. Relative to control plants, foliar spray and soil-drenching with dl-beta-amino-n-butyric acid (BABA) reduced root-galling 7 days after inoculation, as well as the number of eggs 30 days after inoculation. Other chemicals (alpha- and gamma-amino-n-butyric acid, jasmonic acid, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid) were either phytotoxic to tomato plants or did not improve control of root-knot nematodes. Fewer second-stage juveniles invaded BABA-treated tomato roots, and root-galling indices were lower than in control tomato plants. Resistance phenomena in seedlings lasted at least 5 days after spraying with BABA. Nematodes invading the roots of BABA-treated seedlings induced small, vacuolate giant cells. Postinfection treatment of tomato plants with BABA inhibited nematode development. It is speculated that after BABA application tomato roots become less attractive to root-knot nematodes, physically harder to invade, or some substance(s) inhibiting nematode or nematode feeding-site development is produced in roots. 相似文献
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M. C. Vieira dos Santos R. H. C. Curtis I. Abrantes 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(1):193-202
Sustainable strategies for plant-parasitic nematode control are required to reduce dependence on chemical nematicides. Foliar application of various compounds can induce a systemic defence response that reduces nematode infestation. The effects of benzothiadiazole (BTH), β-aminobutyric acid (BABA), jasmonates (cis-jasmone and methyl jasmonate) and salicylic acid (SA) in the development and reproduction of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne chitwoodi in tomato plants were assessed. The effects of BTH and of the jasmonates were further tested on potato plants. Pot assays were conducted using tomato plants cv. Tiny Tim or potato cv. Désirée treated with foliar sprays and inoculated with 300 second stage juveniles. Nematode development and reproduction were assessed 21 and 45 days after inoculation. Treatment with SA had a negative effect on nematode development in tomato plants but did not affect reproduction and methyl jasmonate treatment was the most effective in reducing nematode penetration (58 %). Nematode development was significantly affected in potato plants sprayed with cis-jasmone. Nematode penetration was reduced by 90, 67 and 81 % in plants treated with BTH, cis-jasmone and methyl jasmonate respectively, although the reproduction factor (Rf) was only significantly lower in the BTH treatment (Rf?=?7.6) when compared to the control (Rf?=?18.1). Our results suggest that both the SA and JA pathways play an important role in plant defence mechanisms against root-knot nematode development and reproduction for both plants, and should be considered in the design of integrated pest management approaches. 相似文献
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玫瑰黄链霉菌Men-myco-93-63是从马铃薯疮痂病自然衰退土壤中筛选到的对多种重要植物病原菌具有较强抑制作用的拮抗链霉菌,其发酵液对根结线虫具有较好的防治作用。为明确Men-myco-93-63活菌片剂在蔬菜根结线虫防治中的应用前景,采用温室盆栽法和稀释平板法研究了Men-myco-93-63活菌片剂对黄瓜根结线虫病的防治效果及对土壤微生物区系的影响。结果表明:Men-myco-93-63片剂对黄瓜根结线虫病具有较好的防效,1.0和1.5 g/株用量下防效分别为51.85%和55.56%,而对照药剂淡紫拟青霉颗粒剂1.5 g/株及M en-myco-93-63固体发酵物(发酵物与病土体积比为1∶200)的防效分别为54.17%和50.00%;施药60d后,该片剂对植株根际土壤中微生物区系影响较大,1.0 g/株用量下,细菌和放线菌数量分别比空白对照增加了225.45%和75.45%,真菌数量降低了66.43%,3种可培养微生物的总量比空白对照增加了195.35%,表明M en-myco-93-63片剂的施用可明显改善根际土壤中的微生物结构。 相似文献
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根结线虫病是我国红麻上的一种主要病害。经4年在湖南、浙江、广东和广西等省(区)红麻主产区调查和鉴定,病原线虫有下列3个种:南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita),爪哇根结线虫(M.javanica)和花生根结线虫(M.arenaria)。南方根结线虫是优势种,其在湖南阮江县砂壤土麻田1年可发生4代。文中并对最佳施药期作了讨论。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT In the pepper Capsicum annuum CM334, which is used by breeders as a source of resistance to Phytophthora spp. and potyviruses, a resistance gene entirely suppresses reproduction of the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.). The current study compared the histological responses of this resistant line and a susceptible cultivar to infection with the three most damaging root-knot nematodes: M. arenaria, M. incognita, or M. javanica. Resistance of CM334 to root-knot nematodes was associated with unidentified factors that limited nematode penetration and with post-penetration biochemical responses, including the hypersensitive response, which apparently blocked nematode migration and thereby prevented juvenile development and reproduction. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis suggested that phenolic compounds, especially chlorogenic acid, may be involved in CM334 resistance. The response to infection in the resistant line varied with root-knot nematode species and was correlated with nematode behavior and pathogenicity in the susceptible cultivar: nematode species that quickly reached the vascular cylinder and initiated feeding sites in the susceptible cultivar were quickly recognized in CM334 and stopped in the epidermis or cortex. After comparing our data with those from other resistant pepper lines, we suggest that timing of the resistance response and the mechanism of resistance vary with plant genotype, resistance gene, and root-knot nematode species. 相似文献
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三尖杉枝叶粉末防治花生根结线虫病 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用盆栽及大田小区试验,研究了三尖杉Cephalotaxus fortunei枝叶干粉末对花生根结线虫病的防治效果.盆栽试验结果表明,每盆(2kg土)施用三尖杉枝叶干粉末10、15及20 g三种处理,与对照组相比,初侵染相应推迟4、6、10天,并能减少侵染量,降低根结增长率,显著减轻花生根结线虫病病情.大田小区试验结果与盆栽试验结果相似,每小区(5m2)沟施三尖杉枝叶干粉末120、80、50 g,处理后34及53天的2次平均防治效果分别为89%、82%及50%,施药对照10%益舒宝颗粒剂25g处理(相当于45kg/hm2)为74%.综合使用剂量及花生生长情况,建议沟施150kg/hm2三尖杉枝叶干粉为宜. 相似文献