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1.
分别提取黄瓜枯萎病感病品种津研4号和抗病品种中农10号的根分泌物,感病品种根分泌物甲醇提取液能够刺激枯萎病菌的菌丝生长,而抗病品种根分泌物甲醇提取液则抑制病原菌生长。利用LC-MS/MS技术分别对感病品种和抗病品种根分泌物中的差异物质进行分析鉴定。与感病品种津研4号相比,抗病品种中农10号根分泌物中含有7,8-苯并黄酮(7,8-BF),含量为0.02μg/株。50μg/mL的7,8-BF能够显著抑制黄瓜枯萎病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发,而100μg/mL的7,8-BF能显著抑制抗感品种侧根形成,但是抗病品种的耐受力高于感病品种。用7,8-BF处理黄瓜种子,枯萎病侵染程度显著降低。当7,8-苯并黄酮浓度为50μg/mL时,感病品种病情指数从71.7降为30.8,达到中抗水平。 相似文献
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棉花枯萎病菌接种及粗毒素处理后棉苗维管束病理特征 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
利用遗传背景一致而抗病性不同的岱16变异品系和抗病品种中12,研究了接种棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum)及用枯萎病菌粗毒素处理后,棉苗维管束的病理变化。研究结果表明,接种枯萎病菌后,病株茎部导管及薄壁细胞中有枯萎菌丝存在。发病严重的感病品种原岱16有菌丝的导管数最多,抗病品种早熟岱16抗最少。所有品种中均出现胶状物或侵填体堵塞导管,这种现象在抗病品种中更为明显。病菌粗毒素处理后,棉苗茎及叶柄导管内也出现侵填体或胶状物堵塞导管,抗病品种茎部导管堵塞快。 相似文献
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4.
水稻对恶苗病的抗性与病原菌致病性的研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
室内鉴定了411个水稻品种对恶苗病的抗性,没有免疫品种,高抗品种1个(Te70),抗病品种12(TR9等),其余为感病品种。籼稻比粳稻感病,杂交稻比常规稻感病。初选10个鉴别品种对湖南收集分离的50个菌株的致病性分化进行测定,表明恶苗病菌致病性存在分化,50个菌株分属4个群11个小种。小种I1为湖南的优势小种。抗病品种的锌、酚类物质含量比感病品种高,而可溶性糖/淀粉比值则感病品种比抗病品种高。 相似文献
5.
枯萎病菌对不同抗性黄瓜品种几种酶活性的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
用枯萎病菌接种不同抗性黄瓜品种,研究不同抗性黄瓜品种的过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）和几丁质酶的活性变化。结果表明,接种后抗感品种POD、PPO和几丁质酶活性基本都呈现先升后降再升（再降）的趋势。抗感品种均在接种后12 h时出现第1次POD活性峰值,抗病品种中农13号、津优3号分别在接种后60、72 h、感病品种在84 h出现第2次POD活性峰值;接种后24 h时抗感品种均达到第1次PPO活性峰值,抗病品种在48 h、感病品种在60 h时达到第2次PPO活性峰值;接种后抗病品种在48 h时达到第1次几丁质酶活性峰值,72 h时达到第2次峰值,而感病品种只在60 h时出现1次几丁质酶活性峰值。抗感品种的POD、PPO、几丁质酶活性的2次峰值都显著或极显著地高于各自的对照,在接种后的早期阶段,感病品种的POD、几丁质酶活性的第1次峰值都显著或极显著地高于抗病品种,PPO活性的第1次峰值极显著地低于抗病品种。 相似文献
6.
用枯萎病菌接种不同抗性黄瓜品种,研究不同抗性黄瓜品种的过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）和几丁质酶的活性变化。结果表明,接种后抗感品种POD、PPO和几丁质酶活性基本都呈现先升后降再升（再降）的趋势。抗感品种均在接种后12h时出现第1次POD活性峰值,抗病品种中农13号、津优3号分别在接种后60、72h、感病品种在84h出现第2次POD活性峰值;接种后24h时抗感品种均达到第1次PPO活性峰值,抗病品种在48h、感病品种在60h时达到第2次PPO活性峰值;接种后抗病品种在48h时达到第1次几丁质酶活性峰值,72h时达到第2次峰值,而感病品种只在60h时出现1次几丁质酶活性峰值。抗感品种的POD、PPO、几丁质酶活性的2次培值都显著或极显著地高于各自的对照,在接种后的早期阶段,感病品种的POD、几丁质酶活性的第1次峰值都显著或极显著地高于抗病品种,PPO活性的第1次峰值极显著地低于抗病品种。 相似文献
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黄瓜黑星病菌致病机理的研究Ⅱ细胞壁降解酶及其在致病中的作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文通过活体内外黄瓜黑星病菌(Cladosporium cucumerinum)产生的细胞壁降解酶活性分析,初步明确了Cx-酶(羧甲基纤维素酶)、β-葡萄糖苷酶和PMG(聚甲基半乳糖醛酸酶)、PMTE(果胶甲基反式消除酶)在该菌侵染黄瓜中的作用。瓜条感病的各部位,以病健交界处细胞壁降解酶活性最高;在检测的各类酶中,活性最高的为PMG、PMTE,Cx-酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和FPA(滤纸酶)活性较低。抗感病黄瓜品种染病后,细胞壁降解酶活性均迅速增强。感病品种染病后,果胶酶(PMG、PMTE)活性远远高于抗病品种,其高峰值是抗病品种的2.72~7.52倍。感病品种接种后纤维素酶(Cx-酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶)活性一直增强;抗病品种接种后β-葡萄糖苷酶随着接种天数的增加酶活性一直增强,Cx-酶在染病后初期活性迅速增强,增至高峰后逐渐降低。 相似文献
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黄瓜黑星病菌致病机理的研究Ⅱ细胞壁降解酶及其在致病中的作用 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
本文通过活体内外黄瓜黑星病菌(Cladosporium cucumerinum)产生的细胞壁降解酶活性分析,初步明确了Cx-酶(羧甲基纤维素酶)、β-葡萄糖苷酶和PMG(聚甲基半乳糖醛酸酶)、PMTE(果胶甲基反式消除酶)在该菌侵染黄瓜中的作用。瓜条感病的各部位,以病健交界处细胞壁降解酶活性最高;在检测的各类酶中,活性最高的为PMG、PMTE,Cx-酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和FPA(滤纸酶)活性较低。抗感病黄瓜品种染病后,细胞壁降解酶活性均迅速增强。感病品种染病后,果胶酶(PMG、PMTE)活性远远高于抗病品种,其高峰值是抗病品种的2.72~7.52倍。感病品种接种后纤维素酶(Cx-酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶)活性一直增强;抗病品种接种后β-葡萄糖苷酶随着接种天数的增加酶活性一直增强,Cx-酶在染病后初期活性迅速增强,增至高峰后逐渐降低。 相似文献
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枯萎病菌对西瓜不同抗感品种丙二醛含量及某些保护酶活性的影响 总被引：19，自引：3，他引：19
本文以西瓜为材料,研究了西瓜苗期感染枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.)后根部细胞内丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性的动态变化。结果表明,受枯萎病菌侵染的幼苗细胞内MDA含量的增加比率,抗病品种克伦生低于感病品种早花;SOD酶活性的下降比率,抗病品种克伦生低于感病品种早花;CAT酶活性增减的幅度,抗病品种克伦生低于感病品种早花。抗病品种克伦生在染病后的短时间内(48h左右)能使细胞内MDA、SOD酶和CAT酶的代谢基本恢复到正常状态,其自我调节和恢复正常状态的能力显著大于感病品种早花。 相似文献
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黄瓜花叶病毒两亚组分离物寄主反应和血清学性质比较研究 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：9
本文对枯萎病菌侵入黄瓜不同抗性品种的途径,以及黄瓜受侵染根部维管组织的变化进行了观察。分生孢子在幼根表皮上萌发产生菌丝,通过胞间层侵入表皮细胞,之后菌丝继续向内部生长,穿过皮层组织进入导管。受侵染的导管内相继出现壁覆盖物、侵填体及褐色物。抗病品种的壁覆盖物比感病品种的厚:侵填体由受侵染导管旁边的薄壁细胞产生,一个细胞可产生多个侵填体,并在侵填体中观察到细胞核的存在,感病品种中的侵填体发育不充分,抗病品种中的侵填体能完全堵塞导管;谒色物在感病、抗病品种中均能完全堵塞导管,对菌丝的侵入构成了较强的机械障碍。 相似文献
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黄瓜不同抗病品种感染镰刀菌枯萎病菌后几种酶活性的变化 总被引：63，自引：1，他引：63
镰刀菌枯萎病的侵染使寄主黄瓜根部的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性增加,抗病、感病各品种的3种酶活性曲线均呈现两个峰值,抗病各品种酶活性峰Ⅰ值比感病品种高。其中,感病品种的3种酶活性峰Ⅱ值大于峰Ⅰ值,而抗病品种酶活性峰Ⅰ值、Ⅱ值则在不同酶里有不同变化。在未感染情况下,抗病品种根部的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性比感病品种高。 相似文献
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枯萎菌诱导棉花细胞壁富含羟脯氨酸糖蛋白积累与枯萎病抗性间的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
棉花枯萎病病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum)的侵染能激发起棉花对枯萎病的系统诱导抗性。不同品种间细胞壁富含羟脯氨酸糖蛋白(HRGP)的积累量存在差异,抗病品种86-1细胞壁内HRGP含量明显高于感病品种邯14。HRGP积累与细胞壁木质化有一定相关性。不同生理小种枯萎菌对棉花细胞壁HRGP的诱导能力不同。作者认为,HRGP在寄主与病原相互作用的专化性识别机制中起重要作用。 相似文献
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活性氧及膜脂过氧化与棉花对枯萎病抗性的关系 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
萎病菌侵染后,抗病品种棉苗及经氟乐灵诱发处理产生对枯萎病诱导抗性的棉苗茎与根组织中,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量上升,膜系统中不饱和脂肪酸含量下降,表明有膜脂过氧化的发生,超氧阴离子(O2·)的产生速率、H2O2的积累水平及脂氧合酶(LOX)活性也明显增加,但超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性无显著差异。与此相反,感病品种棉苗受侵后MDA含量、O2·产生速率、H2O2的积累及LOX酶活性增加幅度较小,SOD及CAT酶活性则明显上升,膜系统中不饱和脂肪酸含量仅有小幅度下降。氟乐灵播前土壤处理可诱发棉苗对枯萎病的诱导抗性,同时也增加了LOX酶活性及活性氧(O2·、H2O2)的积累。这些结果说明,枯萎病菌侵染后棉苗体内活性氧的积累、LOX酶活性的上升以及由此引起的膜脂过氧化,可能在棉苗对枯萎病的抗性中起作用。 相似文献
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香蕉枯萎病菌热带4号生理小种(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.cubense tropical race 4,Foc TR4)严重威胁世界香蕉产业的可持续发展，一些特殊功能的蛋白在其侵染过程中起重要作用。我们分析Foc TR4接种巴西蕉后的转录组数据发现M35金属蛋白酶(metalloprotease 35)同源基因FocM35＿2在病原菌侵染初期受诱导显著上调表达，经同源重组法敲除该基因，突变体致病力显著下降，菌丝生长速率降低，产孢量略微减少，回补突变体则可以恢复其致病力和生长发育；与野生型菌株相比较，突变体对外源氧胁迫、渗透压和细胞膜压力更敏感；在本氏烟草(Nicotiana benthamiana)中的瞬时表达结果显示该蛋白定位于质外体，并引起叶片产生超敏反应(HR,hypersensitive response);该蛋白的缺失还能够诱导寄主更高水平几丁质酶的活性。因此，FocM35＿2是促进Foc TR4侵染寄主的的重要致病因子。 相似文献
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地被菊枯萎病由镰孢菌引起,是一种土传性病害,严重威胁地被菊生产。本试验用2个强致病力镰孢菌菌株,即尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、茄镰孢菌(F. solani)接种5个地被菊品种的幼苗,测定了病菌侵染下不同品种的形态、生理和生化响应的差异,以建立抗病品种筛选的生理和生化指标。地被菊品种间抗性水平可根据病情指数划分;受病菌侵染后,叶片叶绿素含量下降,抗病品种‘俏粉阁'叶绿素含量相对较高;丙二醛含量增加,抗病品种‘乳荷'和‘俏粉阁'的丙二醛含量显著低于感病品种‘玲珑';在病菌侵染早期,脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性在抗病品种受到迅速诱导增加,随后下降。运用隶属函数对其抗病能力进行综合评定,地被菊品种对尖孢镰孢菌(F. oxysporum)抗病性从强到弱依次为:‘俏粉阁'＞‘乳荷'＞‘火焰'＞‘鲜红'＞‘玲珑',地被菊品种对茄镰孢菌(F. solani)抗病性从强到弱依次为:‘俏粉阁'＞‘乳荷'＞‘鲜红'＞‘火焰'＞‘玲珑',为地被菊生产和开展菊花抗病机理研究提供了依据。 相似文献
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Lettuce cultivars adapted to Californian growing conditions were screened for resistance to fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lactucae in order to determine if differences in susceptibility among currently grown cultivars might contribute to management of this disease. Based on a preliminary evaluation of 46 cultivars, eight that were among the most resistant of their horticultural type (iceberg, romaine or leaf) were selected for further testing. The relative susceptibility of these cultivars was assessed by: (i) root-dip inoculation, (ii) sowing seeds into infested potting mix and (iii) transplanting seedlings into an infested field. Evaluations of disease severity showed that both methods (i) and (ii) produced cultivar rankings that were significantly correlated with rankings from field trials [method (iii)]. Two romaine and two leaf cultivars were highly resistant to fusarium wilt (mean disease severity rating of ≤1·3 on a 1–4 scale) under all test conditions. Other romaine and leaf cultivars, however, were highly susceptible in root–dip tests, so there was no consistent association between cultivar type and susceptibility to fusarium wilt. Likewise, there was considerable variation in susceptibility to wilt among iceberg cultivars, but all were significantly more susceptible than the most resistant romaine and leaf cultivars. 相似文献
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Seventy isolates of Fusarium oxysporum (Schlechtend: Fr.) f. sp. melongenae Matuo and Ishigami (Fomg), the causal agent of eggplant Fusarium wilt, were tested for their interaction with different lines and cultivars to determine whether there was race-specific interaction. Also, a total of 13 cultivars were tested under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the presence of resistance to Fusarium wilt. The disease severity (%) and the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) for each of the Fomg isolates were calculated by scale values. Results showed that neither of the resistant lines (LS1934 and LS2436) exhibited wilting symptoms, whereas susceptible local cultivars (cvs. ‘Kemer’ and ‘Hadrian’) displayed severe disease symptoms. There was no significant variation in the virulence, indicating the occurrence of a race or races among 70 Fomg isolates tested on resistant lines and susceptible cultivars. This may indicate a genetically homogeneous population structure of Fomg in Turkey. The eggplant cultivars Amadeo, Anatolia, Angela, Brigitte, Corsica, Hawk, Koksal, Nouma, Sharapova and Yula exhibited various degrees of susceptibility to three virulent Fomg isolates, but disease severity for AGR-703 was significantly different and lower among the tested eggplant cultivars, as well as rootstocks. Therefore, it is considered as the most appropriate for rootstock purposes in eggplant cultivations where Fusarium wilt is present in the soil. 相似文献
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The severity of fusarium wilt is affected by inoculum density in soil, which is expected to decline during intervals when a non‐susceptible crop is grown. However, the anticipated benefits of crop rotation may not be realized if the pathogen can colonize and produce inoculum on a resistant cultivar or rotation crop. The present study documented colonization of roots of broccoli, cauliflower and spinach by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, the cause of fusarium wilt of lettuce. The frequency of infection was significantly lower on all three rotation crops than on a susceptible lettuce cultivar, and the pathogen was restricted to the cortex of roots of broccoli. However, F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae was isolated from the root vascular stele of 7·4% of cauliflower plants and 50% of spinach plants that were sampled, indicating a greater potential for colonization and production of inoculum on these crops. The pathogen was also recovered from the root vascular stele of five fusarium wilt‐resistant lettuce cultivars. Thus, disease‐resistant plants may support growth of the pathogen and thereby contribute to an increase in soil inoculum density. Cultivars that were indistinguishable based on above‐ground symptoms, differed significantly in the extent to which they were colonized by F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae. Less extensively colonized cultivars may prove to be superior sources of resistance to fusarium wilt for use in breeding programmes. 相似文献
19.
Mechanisms of resistance to fusarium wilt (Fusarium udum) were investigated in pigeon pea cultivars from Malawi. Wilt-susceptible (Malawi local) and wilt resistant (ICP 9145) plants were stem-inoculated with a spore suspension containing 2·106 conidia/ml of the pathogen. Occlusion of a small proportion of infected vessels was observed, but the resistant reaction appeared to depend mainly on rapid phytoalexin synthesis. Four fungitoxic isoflavonoid phytoalexins—hydroxygenistein, genistein, cajanin and cajanol-were isolated from plants 15 days after inoculation. Cajanol was identified as the main antifungal compound. The concentration of cajanol was 329·4 μg/g in the resistant cultivar as against 88·6 μg/g in the susceptible cultivar 15 days after inoculation. Crude extract from the resistant plants sampled at 24 h after inoculation contained 34·8 μg ml of cajanol. The LD50 value of cajanol for spore germination was determined as 35μg/ml. The cajanol content of fungus-infected ICP 9145 10 days after inoculation totally inhibited conidial germination of F. udum. 相似文献