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1.
辛氰和乐氰混剂对甘蓝桃蚜抗性演化的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
用辛硫磷与氰戊菊酯,乐果与氰戊菊酯的最佳配比及其相应单剂对甘蓝桃蚜进行抗性选育,汰洗２０代时桃蚜对两种混剂的抗性,分别为４．２０和２．６８倍,比相应单剂的抗性发展速度慢,尤其比氰戊菊酯单剂（２８９倍）更慢,表明上述两种混剂都可延缓桃蚜的抗性发展。用酶抑制剂进行增效应用测定结果表明：Ｋ１和ＴＰＰ对辛硫磷和乐果都有增效作用,尤以Ｋ１的增效作用更显著,其增效比分中辊为１０５３和３８,说明桃蚜对辛硫磷和乐 相似文献
2.
丙·辛混剂对棉铃虫幼虫的室内增效作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文选用敏感性不同的几个田间品系,采用点滴法和浸渍法,室内测定了丙溴磷和辛硫磷、：１、１：２、１：４、１：５和１：６混合的增效程序及其与抗药性的关系。结果表明：（１）所有配比都具有一定的增产作用;随着辛硫磷的比例增大,共毒系数的变化呈抛物线状,以中间比例的共毒系数为最高。（２）丙溴磷和辛硫磷１：１混配时江苏六合品系（对丙溴磷和辛硫磷耐药性分别达３．５倍和２．７倍）的共毒系数比敏感品系高,达到２７７ 相似文献
3.
增效剂的增效作用与棉铃虫抗药性水平之间的关系研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以不同抗药性水平的棉铃虫三龄幼虫试虫，分别测定增效磷（ＳＶ１），八氯二丙醚（Ｓ２）月桂氮Ｚｕｏ酮（ＤＣ），ＩＳ－９６１对久效磷（ｍｏｎｏｃｒｏｔｏｐｈｏｓ）灭多威（ｍｅｔｈｏｍｙｌ），氰戊菊酯（ｆｅｎｖａｌｅｒａｔｅ）的增效作用，结果表明：４种增效剂的增效作用，除与被测定药剂种类有关外，还与棉铃虫抗药性水平密切相关，其增效作用一般随抗性水平的提高而增加，但增加的幅度低于抗药性提高的幅度。 相似文献
4.
辛硫磷、氰戊菊酯及其混剂对棉铃虫生长发育及雌性生殖的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用组织化学和生化分析法探讨了辛硫磷，氰戊菊酯和辛氰混剂对棉铃虫生长发育及雄性生殖功能的影响。结果表明：（1）2种单剂与混剂处理后雄蛹重量降低，化蛹率下降，对蛹历期无影响；（2）3种药剂对真核精子发生有抑制作用，而对无核精子的发生无影响；（3）辛硫磷处理后附腺和精包腺的蛋白质含量下降，氰戊菊酯和混剂对附腺和精包腺无显著影响。（4）辛硫磷处理后的雄蛾与正常的雄蛾配对，其交配力显著下降，雌蛾产有效卵显著减少；（5）辛氰混剂在影响棉铃虫生长发育和真核精子发生方面具有明显的增效作用。 相似文献
5.
多种类型农药对棉铃虫的控制效果和对天敌的安全性筛选试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
１９９５－１９９６年田间筛选试验表明,棉烟灵（棉铃虫多角体病毒制剂）硫双灭多威,硫丹和硫氰乳油（硫丹＋氰戊菊酯）四种杀虫剂不仅防治棉铃虫的效果好,而且对棉田天敌的杀伤作用小,校正死亡率在－３３．８～５８．７％;三氟氯氰菊酯和辛氰乳油（辛硫磷＋氰戊菊酯）对棉铃虫的防治效果较好,但对天敌杀伤力最强,校正死亡率在７０．１～８８．９％久效磷和灭多威对天敌杀伤作用虽较小,但对棉铃虫效果不太理想。 相似文献
6.
采用二次回归最优设计，研究苏云金素对东亚小花蝽捕食作用的影响，得出日均捕食量（ｙ）与猎物（ｘ１）和捕食者（ｘ２）之产作关系模型。处理捕食数量回归方程：ｙ＝－０＼００２１ｘ１＾２＋１．２１１ｘ２＾２＋０．８８２２ｘ１－１０，３４６５ｘ２－０．０６４９ｘ１ｘ２＋１．７１７４；对照捕食数量回归方程：ｙ＝－０．００１７ｘ１＾２＋０．７７３４ｘ２＾２＋０．６９４１ｘ１－６．４９１４ｘ２－０．０４７４ｘ１ｘ２ 相似文献
7.
辛硫磷混剂毒性联合作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究以Ｈａｒｒｉｓ法对辛硫磷与甲基对硫磷、灭多威以及３种拟除虫菊酯以等毒剂量混配时对大鼠急性经口毒性联合作用的性质进行了评价。结果表明,辛硫磷与甲基对硫磷混配为拮抗作用;与灭多威混本为相加作用;辛硫磷与溴氰菊酯或高效氯氰菊酯混配时毒性分别增加４￣６倍多,呈协同作用;与氰戊菊酯混配虽属相加作用但毒性有较大增加,为预期毒性的１．５倍。本研究表明辛硫磷与有机磷或氨基甲酸酯混配可出现相加或拮抗作用,而与 相似文献
8.
几种增效剂的增效作用机理研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以敏感和抗性棉铃虫为试虫,比较测定了ＤＥＦ、ＰＢＯ、ＳＶ１和Ｓ２对氰戊菊酯的增效作用。结果表明,四种增效剂对抗菊酯类药剂的ＫＱＲ棉铃虫具有明显或显著的增效作用,而对于相对敏感的ＨＤＳ棉铃虫,它们的增效作用均比对抗性棉铃虫的弱,甚至没有增效作用。增效作用强度与棉铃虫抗性水平及主导抗性机制有关。生化分析表明,ＰＢＯ和ＳＶ１是通过直接抑制多功能氧化酶系（ＭＦＯ）的某种单加氧酶（如甲氧试卤灵－Ｏ－脱甲基酶 相似文献
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10.
采用二次回归最优设计，研究苏云金素对东亚小花蝽捕食作用的影响，得出日均捕食量（ｙ）与猎物（ｘ１）和捕食者（ｘ２）之间互作关系模型。处理捕食数量回归方程：ｙ＝－０．００２１ｘ２１＋１．２１１２ｘ２２＋０．８８２２ｘ１－１０．３４６５ｘ２－０．０６４９ｘ１ｘ２＋１．７１７４；对照捕食数量回归方程：ｙ＝－０．００１７ｘ２１＋０．７７３４ｘ２２＋０．６９４１ｘ１－６．４９１４ｘ２－０．０４７４ｘ１ｘ２－０．４６３６。综合定性分析和定量分析结果，苏云金素处理东亚小花蝽若虫，减弱了其对二斑叶螨卵的捕食能力，但二者的差异不显著，对种群变化影响不明显 相似文献
11.
辛硫磷、氰戊菊酯及其混剂对棉铃虫生长发育及雄性生殖的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用组织化学和生化分析法探讨了辛硫磷、氰戊菊酯和辛氰混剂对棉铃虫生长发育及雄性生殖功能的影响。结果表明:(1)2种单剂与混剂处理后雄蛹重量降低,化蛹率下降,对蛹历期无影响;(2)3种药剂对真核精子发生有抑制作用,而对无核精子的发生无影响;(3)辛硫磷处理后附腺和精包腺的蛋白质含量下降,氰戊菊酯和混剂对附腺和精包腺无显著影响;(4)辛硫磷处理后的雄蛾与正常的雌蛾配对,其交配力显著下降,雌蛾产有效卵显著减少;(5)辛氰混剂在影响棉铃虫生长发育和真核精子发生方面具有明显的增效作用。 相似文献
12.
用4种杀虫剂及1种混合剂以点滴法分别逐代处理敏感性亚洲玉米螟五龄幼虫,以选育其抗药性。至30代,该虫对速灭杀丁及呋喃丹产生_的抗性分别达40.3及30.2倍,而后经5—6代正常饲养,其抗性虽有所衰退,但仍明显,可认为已成为抗性品系;而用甲基对硫磷、甲基对硫磷+速灭杀丁混合剂及辛硫磷(24代)处理,其抗性仅分别达1.8、3.4及4.0倍,由于获得抗性不明显,将此三种试虫称之选育品系。抗性品系对多种药剂存在着明显的交互抗性;而选育品系对其选育剂的抗性虽不明显,但它却对另外的有些药剂产生了抗性。 相似文献
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14.
Carbofuran and carbaryl LD50 values were determined with and without piperonyl butoxide pretreatment for a resistant (New Jersey) and two susceptible (Utah and Netherland) populations of Colorado potato beetle larvae. Similar bioassays were conducted with carbofuran for resistant (Rutgers) and susceptible (NAIDM) adult house flies. The degree of resistance development by New Jersey Colorado potato beetles (RR = 848) was greater than that of the laboratory-selected colony of Rutgers house flies (RR = 583). Comparisons of synergist difference calculations including “percentage synergism” (%S), “log percentage synergism” (L%S), and “relative percentage synergism (R%S) for the resistant (R) and the susceptible (S) populations indicated the possibility that monooxygenases and other resistance mechanisms may be involved in Colorado potato beetle resistance to these carbamates. Monooxygenase involvement in resistance of Rutgers house flies was demonstrated in vitro by a 4-fold enhancement of p-nitroanisole O-demethylation over that of NAIDM house flies. O-demethylation of p-nitroanisole could not be demonstrated for potato beetle larvae. Colorado potato beetle resistance was associated with increases in microsomal levels of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase (ca. 2-fold) and NADPH oxidation (1.2-fold). The inability to measure O-demethylation in Colorado potato beetles may have been due to the solubilization of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase during microsomal preparation. Significant differences between resistant and susceptible Colorado potato beetle larvae were not observed in the penetration of [14C]carbaryl. Excretion of the radiocarbon may have been significantly greater in the resistant New Jersey population, but some of the insecticide may have also rubbed off the cuticle. This increased capacity for excretion, combined with increased levels of monooxygenase enzymes, could account for the high resistance level of this population. 相似文献
15.
R. Scott MacDonald Keith R. Solomon George A. Surgeoner Charles R. Harris 《Pest management science》1985,16(1):10-16
Enhanced oxidative metabolism appeared to be a major factor involved in resistance to permethrin in a field strain of house flies, selected with permethrin over 4 years. This was shown in the 7.8-fold synergism by piperonyl butoxide which reduced the resistance ratio from 97 to 15. The rate of permethrin detoxication was significantly higher (P=0.05) in the resistant flies compared with a susceptible strain or resistant flies pretreated with piperonyl butoxide. The esterase inhibitor S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate did not reduce the level of resistance to permethrin in the resistant strain, although some hydrolytic metabolism was apparent. Rates of penetration were similar in susceptible and resistant flies and in resistant flies pre-treated with piperonyl butoxide. A minor unidentified resistance factor, possibly reduced sensitivity of the nervous system, may also have been present in the resistant strain. 相似文献
16.
Jian-Rong Gao Cheryl A. Leichter Toshio Shono 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,88(1):66-70
Fipronil is a relatively new insecticide with great potential for insect control, however widespread use of cyclodiene insecticides has selected for an A302S mutation in the Rdl (GABA gated chloride channel) allele. This mutation gives resistance to cyclodienes and limited cross-resistance to fipronil. Given the concern over the possible reduction in efficacy and/or lifetime that fipronil might be used for pest control (given the extensive use of cyclodienes in the past), it is important to know the frequency of the A302S Rdl mutation in field populations. To ascertain the relative frequency of the A302S Rdl mutation in house fly populations we used three experimental approaches. First, we attempted to select for fipronil resistance by initially treating 33,100 field collected flies and selecting 14 additional generations. We were unable to produce a highly resistant strain. Second, we directly sequenced field collected flies. Third, we tested field collected house flies with a diagnostic dose of dieldrin and then genotyped the survivors. Out of the 4750 flies tested, there were no Rdl resistance alleles detected. We conclude that the resistant Rdl allele is rare in house flies in the US due to decades without cyclodiene use and a fitness disadvantage (in the absence of cyclodienes) of the 302S Rdl allele. The limited cross-resistance provided by the cyclodiene resistant Rdl allele, combined with the very low frequency of this allele in field populations, suggests that fipronil could be a promising insecticide for house fly control. 相似文献
17.
Progeny of house flies (Musca domestica L) from ten California poultry operations, three dairies and one horse-riding facility were tested for methomyl- and muscalure-treated bait resistance using up to three different assays: a topical assay, a no-choice feeding assay and a choice feeding assay. LD50 resistance factors from the topical assay, compared with a locally-derived susceptible colony, ranged between 1 and 4. LC50 resistance factors from the no-choice feeding assay ranged mostly between 2 and 5, with one value of 18. Measurable LT50 resistance ratios for female flies in the choice feeding assay ranged from 43 to 159; two populations had <10% mortality at 48h and could not be measured. LT50 resistance ratios for male flies in the choice feeding assay ranged from 26 to 96, and one population was too resistant to measure. A behavioral assay tested the feeding preference of male and female flies provided a dish of sugar and a dish of methomyl- and muscalure-treated bait. Of eight strains tested, females from seven strains and males from six strains showed significant preference for sugar over bait. Behavioral factors appear to be important in the severe resistance of house flies to baits in California. 相似文献
18.
Thomas A. Miller Janice M. Kennedy Chrystal Collins 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1979,12(3):224-230
Solutions of tetramethrin, RU 11679, or cismethrin caused uncoupled convulsions in 30–40 min in exposed thoracic ganglia from SNAIDM house flies at concentrations down to 10?10M: whereas these same compounds at 10?6M concentrations failed to produce poisoning symptoms when perfused onto the exposed ganglia of the kdr strain of house fly. The pyrethroid analogs examined had a negative temperature coefficient of action on the exposed thoracic ganglia from SNAIDM flies. DDT and GH-74 possessed positive temperature coefficients of action on the exposed thoracic ganglion of susceptible house flies. It is concluded that the central nervous system of the kdr strain of house fly is resistant to pyrethroid action; furthermore, the resistance appears to be widespread throughout the house fly nervous system, involving sensory, motor, and central neural elements. 相似文献